Email this article T-shaped antler axes on the territory of Belarus
- Authors: Vashanov A.N.1, Malyutina A.A.2, Tkacheva M.I.1, Tkach E.S.2
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Affiliations:
- Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
- Institute of History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Issue: Vol 9, No 4 (2020)
- Pages: 199-213
- Section: Historical Sciences and Archaeology
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/2309-4370/article/view/59477
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/snv202094201
- ID: 59477
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Abstract
T-shaped antler axes are widely represented in Western Europe, both by occasional findings and materials from well researched settlements. This type of axe is most often found on the Ertebelle culture sites in Denmark and on the northern coast of Germany. Products of this type are also known in the context of the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic settlements in the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium. At the time of writing, 21 T-shaped antler axes are known in Belarus, as well as their production waste. The tools come from 11 locations. All locations are situated in western Belarus, in the basins of the Western Bug and Neman rivers. The presented artefacts have been found accidentally in river channels or in the coastal, often flooded zone. The locations do not have a clearly defined cultural and chronological context. In the location of Mikhnevichi, a few specific axe production wastes of this type have been discovered, indicating the existence of local production of these tools. In this connection, the authors of the study have suggested that there should be a connection between antler T-axes and Neolithic forest cultures of western Belarus. The paper presents the results of a complex analysis of T-shaped antler axes from the territory of Belarus with a detailed description of each artifact. Most of the materials are published for the first time.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Vashanov
Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Author for correspondence.
Email: vashanau@gmail.com
researcher of Archeology of Primitive Society Department
Belarus, MinskAnna Andreevna Malyutina
Institute of History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: kostylanya@yandex.ru
junior researcher of Experimental-Traceology Laboratory
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgMariya Ivanovna Tkacheva
Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Email: tkachova.maryia@gmail.com
researcher of Conservation and Use of the Archaeological Heritage Department
Belarus, MinskEvgenia Sergeevna Tkach
Institute of History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: evgeniia.tkach@gmail.com
candidate of historical sciences, junior researcher of Paleolithic Department
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgReferences
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Figure 1 - Location near the village of Mikhnevichi (Smorgon quarries). 1, 2 - fragments of the basal parts of the antler of a red deer with traces of incised grooves. Waste from the production of T-shaped axes (photo: A.N. Vashanova)
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Figure 2 - Location near the village of Mikhnevichi (Smorgon quarries). Fragment of the distal part of the antler of a red deer (crown) with an annular cut groove. Waste from the production of T-shaped axes. a - closeup of the cut groove (photo: A.N. Vashanova)
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4.
Figure 3 - Map of locations of horn T-shaped axes on the territory of Belarus: 1 - Brest; 2 - Gozha; 3 - Stone 8; 4 - Corozichi; 5 - Mikhnevichi (Smorgon quarries); 6 - Morino; 7 - Filipovichi; 8 - Pugachevo; 9 - Staves; 10 - Shchebrin; 11 - Yamno
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Figure 4 - T-shaped axes: 1 - Brest; 2 - Gozha village; 3, 4 - village Korozichi (drawing by O.V. Petrushenko)
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Figure 5 - T-shaped ax made of elk horn. Site Stone 8 (drawing by O.V. Petrushenko)
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Figure 6 - T-shaped axes: 1–6 - v. Mikhnevichi (Smorgon quarries) (1 - [1, Fig. 1: 5]; 2 - [1, Fig. 1: 1]; 3–6 - Fig. O. V. Petrushenko)
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Figure 7 - T-shaped axes: 1-3 v. Mikhnevichi (Smorgon quarries); 2: a - general view; b - a macro photo of the traces of cutting an annular groove when cutting horn (drawing by O.V. Petrushenko; photo: A.N. Vashanov)
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Figure 8 - T-shaped axes: 1 - v. Morino; 2 - the village of Pugachevo; 3 - d. Stavy; 4 - D. Shchebrin (drawing by O. V. Petrushenko)
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Figure 9 - T-shaped axes: 1 - Shchebrin village; 2-3 - village Yamno (drawing by O. V. Petrushenko; photo: A. N. Vashanov)
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Figure 10 - Map of the ways of penetration of the tradition of the production of T-shaped axes on the territory of Belarus: 1 - the area of the Pripyat-Neman culture, 2 - the area of the Dnieper-Donetsk culture, 3 - the area of the Upper Dnieper culture, 4 - the area of the Narva culture, 5 - the area of the comb-pit culture (cultural situation in the Neolithic according to Mikh.M. Chernyavsky [32, Fig. 2])
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