Comparative characteristics of nasal mucosa microflora in various forms of chronic rhinitis

Dysbiosis of the nasal mucosa contributes to the development of secondary immune disorders, maladjustment and contributes to the development of pathological processes, regardless of the phenotype of chronic rhinitis. The aim of our work was to comparatively assess microbial species and quantitative composition as well as frequency of its occurrence in patients with various forms of chronic rhinitis. We present the results of a laboratory examination of patients with chronic rhinitis (79 subjects aged 18 to 70 years), including 20 patients with chronic allergic,20 with chronic vasomotor,18 with chronic atrophic,21 with chronic infectious rhinitis. The control group consisted of 40 apparently healthy donors. All patients underwent nasal mucosa bacteriological examination. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out using the Statistica for Windows 8.0 software package (StatSoft Inc., USA,2008). Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests were used to assess differences in groups. The critical level of statistical significance in testing scientific hypotheses was considered equal to p < 0.05. In the control group, microorganisms of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus are detected in the microflora of the nasal mucosa, which do not cause pathological changes. An interesting fact is the detection of Proteus mirabilis and Acinetobacter baumannii in healthy volunteers in the absence of clinical manifestations of infection, which proves the possibility of coexistence with opportunistic flora while maintaining the immune system functionining. In chronic allergic rhinitis, microorganisms of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Enterobacter, Сorynebacterium are detected. In chronic vasomotor rhinitis, representatives of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Klebsiella are detected. In chronic atrophic rhinitis, representatives of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Acinetobacter are detected, with a predominance of Klebsiella bacteria. In chronic infectious rhinitis, representatives of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Acinetobacter, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Candida are detected. The absence and/or decrease in the number of representatives of the normoflora was found identifying pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. With inflammation in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, regardless of its etiology, there is a change in the microflora quantitative and species composition. The most pronounced dysbiosis of the nasal mucosa microflora was found in chronic infectious rhinitis.