儿童计划手术治疗中的术前禁食。文献综述
- 作者: Aleksandrovich Y.S.1, Pshenisnov K.V.1, Shorakhmedov S.S.1,2
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隶属关系:
- Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
- Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute
- 期: 卷 14, 编号 2 (2024)
- 页面: 215-228
- 栏目: Reviews
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/2219-4061/article/view/263104
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/psaic1786
- ID: 263104
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这篇综述分析了需要进行计划手术的儿童术前禁食的问题。本综述包括PubMed和e-Library参考文献数据库收录的50篇出版物,时间跨度为2017年至2023年。为了进行分析,使用了专门讨论术前禁食对心血管系统参数、水和碳水化合物代谢影响的文章。本文评估了围手术期的进程取决于手术前拒绝固体食物和液体的持续时间。本文介绍了一些历史数据,这些数据是现代术前拒食固体食物和液体范例的基础。特别关注术前长期拒食的负面影响。已经证实,优生酮症和酮症酸中毒是主要的病症,这在幼儿中尤为常见。手术前拒食导致的低血糖症极为罕见,对大多数患者来说都不会造成严重问题,但出生后第一年的儿童除外。事实证明,在大多数情况下,术前禁食时间大大超过了建议的时间间隔,超过了10个小时,75%以上的患者会有强烈的饥饿感。研究表明,输注葡萄糖溶液并不能减轻术前的饥饿感和口渴感。术前禁食时间的增加最常与手术组织不当(35.1%)、其他患者手术时间增加(34.1%)和手术执行计划改变(20.9%)。有研究指出,儿童术前的最佳饮水量应少于3毫升/千克。数据显示,术前禁食可导致麻醉诱导后在手术野准备阶段出现动脉低血压。研究表明,残胃容量超过 1.25毫升/千克是麻醉诱导过程中发生吸入的风险因素。目前尚无确凿证据表明术前禁食会对手术结果产生负面影响。不过,儿童在计划手术前应尽量避免进食清流质食物。
作者简介
Yurii S. Aleksandrovich
Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Email: Jalex1963@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2131-4813
SPIN 代码: 2225-1630
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor
俄罗斯联邦, Saint PetersburgKonstantin V. Pshenisnov
Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: Psh_K@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1113-5296
SPIN 代码: 8423-4294
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor
俄罗斯联邦, Saint PetersburgShoakmal Sh. Shorakhmedov
Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute
Email: sshoraxmedovs@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4695-610X
俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg; Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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