No 5 (2023)
Guest of the volume
State policy development of unmanned systems
Abstract
Currently, unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly being used in the oil and gas industry, agriculture, electric power, construction and architecture, mining, and urban economy. The number of works carried out using unmanned vehicles is increasing: aerial photography, laser scanning, gas analysis, multispectral photography and others. The organization of the functioning of unmanned logistics corridors on public roads is underway. Unmanned vehicles for technological transportation are increasingly being used in the territories of factories. The state sets a large-scale task for the specialists of the transport industry to develop unmanned transport. In order to conduct research in this area, it is necessary to clearly trace the main guidelines of state policy in the field of unmanned transport, to represent the field of development of the transport industry. The article analyzes the state policy aimed at the development and maintenance of unmanned systems in the aviation, railway, and automotive industries. The regulatory and legislative framework regulating the possibility of creating and operating unmanned vehicles in the Russian Federation is given. One of the problems of the use of drones is the lack of legal regulation of their use in the transport complex of the country. Currently, programs and documents regulating the development of unmanned systems are being implemented and planned for implementation at the state level: “Strategy for the development of unmanned aviation of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future up to 2035”, “Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation up to 2030 with a forecast for the period up to 2035”, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the establishment of an experimental Legal Regime in the Field of digital innovations and Approval of the Program of an experimental legal Regime in the Field of Digital innovations for the Operation of Highly Automated Vehicles in relation to the implementation of the initiative “Unmanned Logistics Corridors” on the Federal Highway M-11 “Neva”, etc. For the possibility of using unmanned vehicles in the Russian Federation, interdepartmental interaction of federal executive authorities is necessary. The state policy in the field of creation, production and operation of unmanned systems is aimed, among other things, at the development of human resources, training of specialists with interdisciplinary knowledge.
11-19
Economic Sciences
Formation of a methodological approach to assessing the level of development of the regional financial services market
Abstract
The analysis of the approaches presented to date to assess the level of development of the financial services market allows us to conclude that there is no comprehensive representation of the phenomenon under study. The existing methods emphasize the assessment from the perspective of competitiveness, creditworthiness, economic development and social satisfaction, i.e. in the aspect of two elements – economy and society. However, due to the fact that at the moment special attention is paid to the concept of sustainable development, it is advisable to consider the assessment of the level of development of the financial services market simultaneously through the prism of three components: economic growth, social welfare, environmental well-being. In connection with the above, the relevance of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the functioning of the financial services market, which allows revealing the level of its development from the perspective of ensuring the sustainability of the region’s development.
The article uses the method of comparative analysis to study existing approaches to determining the level of development of the financial services market and the method of expert assessments to calculate the weighting coefficients of the methodology indicators in the formation of an integral indicator.
The main results of the study are the development of a comprehensive system for assessing the level of development of the financial services market in relation to such areas as economics, society, ecology.
The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the level of development of the regional financial services market based on the concept of sustainable development.
The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results of the study in the activities of public authorities in the development of regional policy or analysis of socio-economic development of regions in the formation of a strategy within the financial and economic block.
20-32
Integrated reporting: history, verification, prospects
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of integrated reporting as a dynamically developing part of corporate reporting. Public non-financial reporting is defined as a set of indicators reflecting the goals, approaches and performance of corporations on significant issues of social responsibility and sustainable development. Despite the identified similarities between various approaches to disclosure of non-financial information, the hallmarks of integrated reporting are integrated thinking underlying the management structure, commitment to the environmental agenda, and demonstrating the ability of an economic entity to generate value in the short, medium and long term. The objectives of the study are to identify the historical stages in the development of integrated reporting in the Russian Federation, to determine the method of verifying such reporting, which causes the greatest confidence among stakeholders, and to identify the prospects for reporting non-financial nature in the format of integrated reporting. The work used general scientific principles and methods of research: induction and deduction, synthesis and analysis, logical linking, systematization of the theoretical foundations and practice of presenting non-financial information by economic entities included in the MOEX (Moscow exchange index) and MCXSM (middle and small capitalization index) indices. In the course of the work carried out, it was revealed that not all companies that list their shares on the Moscow exchange publish non-financial information, and companies that place non-financial statements do this in the form of a sustainable development report, integrated reporting, social report, environmental report or social environmental report. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of the author’s periodization of the stages of development of integrated reporting in the Russian Federation; development of audit stages for integrated reporting based on the International Standard for Assurance Engagements, as well as taking into account the specifics of the structure and principles of disclosure of non-financial information; formation of a SWOT-analysis matrix of integrated reporting in terms of information on sustainable development. The results obtained in the course of the study are of theoretical and applied importance and can be used as a basis for preparing an integrated reporting package; the plan and program for the audit of non-financial information, as well as when substantiating the decision to place integrated reporting in the public space. The direction of further research is the structure of the package of integrated reporting, taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of the ecosystems of an economic entity, as well as the development of a SWOT-analysis matrix for integrated reporting in terms of information on ecology and social development.
33-44
Innovative design of rural areas in the context of the implementation of the national project «Tourism and hospitality industry»
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to develop a project approach to the development of rural tourist areas based on innovations. The main methods: a systematic approach to research and a project approach to the development of tourist areas, economic and statistical methods, sociological survey, expert assessment, data visualization and other methods of analysis and synthesis. The study was carried out on the materials of the rural settlement Zarechnoye of the Veliky Ustyug municipal district of the Vologda region. Results: the socio-economic situation of the settlement was determined, a sociological survey of the population and an assessment of the tourist potential of the territory according to such criteria as: the image of the tourist center, the development of tourist infrastructure, transport accessibility and environmental favorability of the territory, comfort and safety of the tourist; the competitive advantages of the settlement as a promising tourist territory were revealed, including environmental favorability and a high level of natural potential, cultural heritage, traditions and folk crafts, as well as the close location of the center of the district – Veliky Ustyug, which attracts a significant tourist flow. A project approach to the development of rural tourist areas has been developed; the design of the tourist territory was carried out on the example of the rural settlement of Zarechnoye; a pool of projects has been formed, including innovative tourism projects. Scientific novelty: the originality of the approach developed by the author to the development of rural tourist areas is determined by the possibility of their integrated development through strategic planning and innovative design of tourist and recreational zones with the maximum implementation of their natural resources and cultural and historical heritage. The specialization of the recreational area involves a combination of outdoor activities with other types of tourist activities, including cultural and educational, ecological, hunting and fishing, event tourism. Practical significance: the proposed approach can be applied by regional and local authorities and administrations in order to develop territories based on innovations. Conclusion: The study allows us to argue that in modern conditions, the development of tourism in the provincial regions will be facilitated by a project approach. The design of tourist areas based on innovations will solve the problems of activating domestic tourism and its infrastructure support, determined by the national project «Tourism and Hospitality Industry».
45-56
Сurrent problems in the application of the software «System Portal Seaport» and prospects for its improvement in order to ensure the safety of trade
Abstract
The relevance of this article is dictated by the need to study ways to improve the efficiency of trade through the introduction of innovative systems of customs management and control. The purpose of the study is to analyze the experience of using the Portal Seaport software package, taking into account its external and internal problems, including the interaction of various participants in maritime transportation.
In methodological terms, the author is guided by the basic principles of a systematic approach.
The main result of the study is that the author formulates a set of principles, formulated taking into account the recommendations of the United Nations, with the aim of contributing to the facilitation of international trade procedures and increasing the level of resistance to security threats. The scientific novelty of the article is manifested in the fact that the text of the article explores the system of preliminary informing the customs authorities during the delivery of goods by sea, little studied in the domestic specialized literature. Accordingly, the practical significance of the article lies in the development of the author’s recommendations that can be used to more effectively modernize the relevant mechanisms for managing and controlling foreign trade activities. The direction of the author’s further research can be formulated in the following way. The Seaport Portal system needs to be improved, so it is necessary to focus on the benefits that traders will receive if the imperfections of this system are eliminated, and to comprehensively explore ways to achieve qualitatively different results. The author’s recommendation is not only to comprehensively study the systems of preliminary information, but also to expand the scope of their implementation in the state control system.
57-68
Problems of development of intellectual property and innovations in Russia
Abstract
The article substantiates the need for the development of intellectual property in Russia in the conditions of the global innovation economy and identifies the problems that hinder its development.
The relevance of this article lies in the fact that the development of intellectual property and innovation is an important factor for achieving sustainable economic growth and improving the competitiveness of the country. In the modern information society, where knowledge and innovation play a key role, countries strive to create a favorable environment for the development of intellectual property and the promotion of innovation. The development of intellectual property and innovation should be one of the priorities of state policy.
The purpose of the study is to propose measures for the development of intellectual property and innovation in Russia, based on world experience. To identify problems and identify areas for improving the policy of intellectual property management in terms of education, popularization, digitalization, finance.
To achieve the research goal, several approaches are used. Analysis of the current legislation, since it is important to understand the laws and regulations concerning the protection of intellectual property, the promotion of innovation, technology transfer and international cooperation. Data collection and analysis. This allows you to evaluate the current state. Formulation of recommendations and proposals for improving measures aimed at the development of intellectual property and innovation in Russia.
The article uses research methods, including analysis of literary sources, comparative analysis of practices and policies of other countries, analysis of legislation and economic data.
The main problems faced by innovative companies in Russia were analyzed, including the lack of state support, insufficient funding, difficulties in obtaining patents and other forms of intellectual property. A critical analysis of the current measures used in Russia is presented separately, the reasons for low inventive activity are revealed. The necessary directions of development are also highlighted and recommendations are given.
As a result of the study, the main measures that the state can take to support innovation and the development of intellectual property in Russia were identified. Among them are increased financing of innovative projects, simplification of procedures for obtaining patents and other forms of intellectual property, creation of special innovation support centers, etc.
As further directions of research, the author suggests the study of specific practices of intellectual property development in other countries and their adaptation taking into account the conditions and capabilities of Russia.
The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that its results can be used to develop new policies and measures to support innovation in Russia.
Further research may be aimed at a deeper analysis of the problems related to intellectual property and innovation in Russia, as well as at studying the experience of other countries in this area. The recommendations proposed in the article can be used to develop new programs and measures to support innovation in Russia, as well as to conduct more in-depth research in this area.
The article may be useful for specialists in the field of intellectual property law, scientists and business leaders, as well as for government agencies interested in the development of an innovative economy in Russia.
69-81
Transport
Method of in-depth diagnostics of the main brake cylinder of a motor vehicle
Abstract
The use of new methods for element-by-element diagnostics of the brake system increases the probability of detecting malfunctions, helps to identify faulty elements in the nodes of the brake system in advance, which helps to reduce accidents on the roads of the country. The development of a method for in-depth diagnosis of the master brake cylinder is an urgent task.
Earlier, as part of the development of a new method for diagnosing the main brake cylinder of a hydraulic brake system, a set of diagnostic parameters was determined by the dynamic parameters of the resistance force to pressing the brake pedal. The need to introduce the method for practical use at road transport enterprises set the authors the task of determining the maximum permissible values of diagnostic parameters based on the comparison results, with which a conclusion will be made about the technical condition of the object with subsequent diagnosis.
The aim of the work is to determine the maximum allowable values of diagnostic parameters, and to develop an algorithm for making a diagnosis.
The maximum permissible values of the diagnostic parameters of the main brake cylinder were determined on the basis of a statistical method. The main provisions of the method are that a one-time sample of N values of the diagnostic parameter was considered for representatives of the set of diagnostic objects (both serviceable and faulty). At the same time, it was assumed that the values corresponding to the serviceable state would obey a different pattern than the values corresponding to the faulty one. Having singled out the distribution function f(S) of the parameter values for the healthy state of the object from the total population, the range of acceptable values of the diagnostic parameter in operation can be limited by some limiting dispersion relative to the nominal (reference) value of the parameter. For the braking system affecting traffic safety, the restriction was applied with 85% probability. The values were found for the entire range of diagnostic parameters.
In the course of the study, the maximum permissible values of diagnostic parameters were determined. A diagnostic matrix of the main brake cylinder has been built. An algorithm for making a diagnosis has been developed. The scientific novelty lies in the difference in their implementation in the range of service braking, which makes it possible to maximize the informative possibility of each of the diagnostic parameters.
82-91
Factors of increasing engine oil replacement time in automobile diesel engines
Abstract
The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the potential for increasing the replacement period of engine oil in modern and promising automotive engines should have not only a marketing basis, but also a scientific justification for its implementation. The aim of the study is to reduce the unit cost of maintenance of automobile engines by increasing the timing of engine oil change. A particular task within the framework of this article is to establish the factors that cause an increase in the period for replacing engine oil in automobile diesel engines (on the example of the KAMAZ R6 family).
The methodological apparatus for solving this problem was based on an in-depth analysis of previously obtained results of experimental studies of the patterns of «aging» of motor oils in diesel engines of the KAMAZ V8 family, depending on various factors in conjunction with the criterion of «rigidity» of the engine oil.
For the first time, a quantitative assessment of the influence of the identified factors on the increase in the oil change period is given (ceteris paribus):
- the use of oils of higher classes in terms of performance – for example, the transition from CD to CF-4 / SG according to API – by 4,4 times;
- reduction of sulfur content in fuel - for example, for the API CG-4 class with a decrease from 0,05% to 0,035% – by 2,6 times, for the API CI-4 class with a decrease from 0,035% to 0,001% – in 2,3 times;
- reduction of the criterion of «rigidity» of oil operation A – for example, for API CF-4 / SG class with a decrease (in terms of engine power) from A = 770 to A = 550 – 4 times; for the API CI-4/CG-4 class with a decrease (in terms of oil sump capacity) from A = 1176 to A = 835 – by 2,8 times, and to A = 640 – by 3,1 times.
The basic requirements for engine oil of engines of the KAMAZ R6 family are formulated. The selected oils of two brands provided a test-confirmed increase to 150 thousand km. replacement period, and therefore were approved for use by the manufacturer of KAMAZ PJSC.
The theoretical value for the development of the branch of science «Operation of road transport» lies in the fact that the identified factors and patterns contribute to the study of the efficiency, quality, characteristics, performance indicators of automotive operating materials.
The author sees further research based on this work in a formalized assessment of the influence of the factors under consideration on the period of replacement of engine oil.
92-101
Philosophical Sciences
Artificial intelligence: risks and perspectives of culture
Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the concept of “artificial intelligence” (AI) in its relationship with socio-cultural prerequisites. Having arisen at a certain stage in the development of technological culture, AI breaks out into the sphere of independent existence, representing both a progressive form and a threat to human existence. Threats to cultural identity arise, interethnic and intercultural ties are weakened; a person is deprived of cultural and historical memory, is torn off from national roots and traditions. AI covers a significant landscape of human skills, being implemented in management, investment activities, and programming. It is an intermediary in social interaction, is present in science, translation, fine arts, theorem proving, recognizes speech and images. However, artificial intelligence does not invade the sphere of emotions, empathy, understanding of art and culture; it is an exclusively human sphere, which is deformed in the context of globalization.
The relevance of the study is due to the search for harmonious links between the “superreality” and man, his creative thinking and freedom of self-realization. The novelty lies in the emphasis on changes in the methodology of scientific research: natural science, humanitarian and engineering knowledge, merging, form a new sphere of knowledge. In it, ethical and cultural principles are assumed to be fundamental. The factors of culture transformation at the stage of the information society are identified: ideas about the threats of AI in the public mind; the emergence of “roboethics” norms, security strategies from the field of artificial intelligence; the transformation of society into a communicative one. The purpose of the study: to consider the complex of consequences of the introduction of AI into the space of human existence, to identify the threats and risks arising from its possible total spread. Using the axiological approach, semiotic analysis, a change in the sign-symbolic system, and then the meanings and values of culture, was revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that artificial intelligence is a reality that is visible and understandable to mankind. It is able to mimic human cognitive abilities. Facilitating and improving human life, this phenomenon can become a tool for manipulating people’s consciousness. It is shown that the philosophical and anthropological approach makes it possible to comprehend the problem of artificial intelligence included in the field of a holistic view of the relationship between the spiritual essence of man and the world. It is concluded that AI should be controlled by the joint efforts of the scientific community. The quantitative growth of communications does not lead to a close emotional connection, there is a depersonalization of contacts, a passion for self-presentation. The problem of personal identity remains open, the solution of which we see in the appeal to traditional value orientations based on the spiritual content of culture.
102-110
On the problem of the relationship between the Christian and evolutionary approaches in understanding anthropogenesis
Abstract
The article deals with the problem of correlation of Christian and scientific views on the emergence of man, the integrating link between which can be Christian philosophy. The starting point for this is the position of the “philosophy of unity” about the acquisition of holistic knowledge through the synthesis of religion, science and philosophy. Historical-genetic and comparative-historical methods are used, allowing not only to correlate the stages of human formation (and their interpreting concepts), but also to show their relationship. First of all, man is a soul, therefore anthropogenesis appears as soul genesis.
From the point of view of Christianity, God created man perfect, but, as a result of the fall, he loses his perfection, dresses in “natural clothes”, becomes mortal. This post-Eden person can be determined by the initial stage of anthropogenesis. The reason that actualized the possibility and need of spiritual and bodily evolution was the image of God preserved in him and the memory of the lost paradise. The perfection of the soul finds expression in the complication of thought processes, the actualization of a sense of beauty, religious and moral ideas. The improvement of the body finds expression in the design of the “hominid triad”, the complication of the brain, the development of motor skills of the hand. Homo habilis can be considered the stage of the fall from which the ascent to the primordial state (anthropogenesis) begins. At the stage of homo habilis and homo erectus, mental perfection is expressed indirectly, through bodily perfection.
The design of the “hominid triad” indicates the complication of mental and volitional processes. At the stage of homo sapiens and homo sapiens sapiens (Cro-Magnon), spiritual perfection is already expressed in a direct form: the appearance of animism, ideas about the immortality of the soul, taboos. In the post-Eden story, two opposing lines are struggling: the ascent to paradise and the continued distance from it. The latter finds expression in the violation of moral norms, in conflicts leading to injuries and victims, in cruelty, blood feud, cannibalism. The confrontation of the Eden and the fallen also occurs within a person: between the primordial and the “darkened” planes of his soul. Characteristic of prehistory and history, man’s intention for perfection (perfect knowledge, justice, beauty) could only be embedded in him by a Perfect Creator.
Anthropogenesis appears, first of all, as soul genesis. The formation of a person is a gradual “gathering” of his soul; which is correlated with the “inhaling” of the soul into the body by God, which has been stretched out for hundreds of thousands of years. With the actualization of the higher planes of the soul (reason, morality, feelings of beauty and love), soulgenesis turns into spiritogenesis. Spiritual qualities are an expression, at the human level, of the essential characteristics of the Creator. The actualization of these qualities marks the completion of anthropogenesis, which is a necessary basis for the “return” of man to his original state.
111-120
A. F. Losev on the Neoplatonic Essence of Music in the Context of the Philosophy of Substantial Musical Existence (to the 130th Anniversary of the Birth of Aleksey Fedorovich Losev)
Abstract
The article is written in connection with the anniversaries of the life of the great Russian thinker Alexey Fedorovich Losev and is devoted to one of the aspects of his aesthetic research related to the interpretation of music in Neoplatonism. This article makes sense to emphasize the substantial ontological essence of music, relying on Losev’s phenomenological-dialectical method, on his commitment to Neoplatonism as the last significant ancient philosophical movement. Losev considered the philosophical foundations of music in the cosmological treatises of such philosophers as Quintilian, Proclus, Sallust. Touching upon the ancient origins of the philosophy of music as an aesthetic field, the author refers to the Pythagorean teaching of the divine number and the musical harmony of the spheres. At the same time, Neoplatonic ancient philosophy demonstrates different types of existence of music, or ancient Greek music. The combination of the logical and the illogical in Losev’s philosophical thinking allows the author to present through the prism of the philosophy of substantial musical existence the closeness of the idea of the existence of the music of the Neoplatonists, proceeding from the ideas of the One, and Losev, the divine unity, where the thought of music goes far beyond the limits of the actual musical art. Music in philosophical knowledge is outside of art as world harmony, substance, becoming in time, divine number, or the life of numbers, the expression of the numerical first principle. In the sources, the author used the works of A. F. Losev: “The History of ancient Aesthetics”, “Dialectics of myth”, “Dialectical foundations of mathematics”, which presents a deep connection between mathematics and music. At the same time, the author relied on his aesthetic research “The Logos of music in the phenomenological-dialectical method of A. F. Losev”, and other chapters of his book “The Value of Music: a philosophical aspect” and his dissertation “The concept of the value of music as a substance and a way of value interaction of a person with the world”. Summarizing, the author moves from the dialectic of musical-substantial being to the philosophical concept of “musical” as an aesthetic category that requires further research.
121-129