Investigation of the effect of process parameters on photochemical machining of SS316l for manufacturing vascular stents
- Authors: Agrawal D.1, Patil S.1, Washimkar D.2, Ambhore N.2, Agrawal D.3
-
Affiliations:
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.V.P.M’S College of Engineering Malegaon (Bk.), Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Department of Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery, KD Medical College Mathura
- Issue: Vol 27, No 4 (2025)
- Pages: 180-193
- Section: EQUIPMENT. INSTRUMENTS
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/1994-6309/article/view/356669
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2025-27.4-180-193
- ID: 356669
Cite item
Abstract
Introduction. Photochemical machining (PCM) is a non-traditional machining method capable of developing burr-free and stress-free biomedical components. A stent is a small meshed tube used to remove blockages and open blood passages in arteries and veins. SS316L is one of the recommended materials for stents due to its biocompatibility and machinability with photochemical processes. Vascular stents are made from metal mesh, fabric, silicone, or combinations of materials. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of process parameters on the PCM process during the machining of SS316L and to manufacture an SS316L stent as a substrate using photochemical machining. The manufactured stent is used in larger arteries, such as the aorta, to provide a stable channel for blood flow. Methods of investigation. The process parameters for the photochemical machining process were optimized using the Taguchi method with an L9 experimental array (DoE). The effect of process parameters on responses was investigated using F-values. An ANN was employed as a predictive tool for observing deviations in the responses. Results and discussion. The optimum set of machining parameters was obtained and utilized for manufacturing the vascular stent. A phototool with the required stent strut size was developed using CAD software. Controlled etching with ferric chloride generated the mesh, and laser seam welding was performed to develop the tubular stent for placement in blockages. The dimensions of the developed stent were measured with SEM, and the stent strut size was found to vary from 312 µm to 900 µm.
About the authors
Devendra Agrawal
Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.V.P.M’S College of Engineering Malegaon (Bk.), Savitribai Phule Pune University
Email: dpagrawal@engg.svpm.org.in
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2477-1841
Scopus Author ID: 56335664600
Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor
India, 413115, India, Pune, MaharashtraSushil Patil
Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.V.P.M’S College of Engineering Malegaon (Bk.), Savitribai Phule Pune University
Email: sspatil@engg.svpm.org.in
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0547-6038
Ph.D. (Engineering), Professor
India, 413115, India, Pune, MaharashtraDinesh Washimkar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University
Email: dinesh.washimkar@vit.edu
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1312-2619
Scopus Author ID: 36462257600
Ph.D. (Engineering), Professor
India, 411037, India, Pune, MaharashtraNitin Ambhore
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University
Email: nitin.ambhore@vit.edu
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8468-8057
Scopus Author ID: 56986482000
ResearcherId: GXH-6114-2022
Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor
India, 411037, India, Pune, MaharashtraDhroov Agrawal
Department of Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery, KD Medical College Mathura
Author for correspondence.
Email: dhroovagrawal109@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-8547-9484
Student
India, 281406, India, Uttar PradeshReferences
- Conceptual design and analysis of novel hybrid auxetic stents with superior expansion / A.M.M. Zamani, E. Etemadi, M. Bodaghi, H. Hu // Mechanics of Materials. – 2023. – Vol. 187. – P. 1–16. – doi: 10.1016/j.mechmat.2023.104813.
- Geometric optimization of vascular stents modeled as networks of 1D rods / S. Canic, L. Grubišic, M. Ljulj, M. Maretic, J. Tambaca // Journal of Computational Physics. – 2023. – Vol. 494. – P. 1–32. – doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2023.112497.
- Revolutionary auxetic intravascular medical stents for angioplasty applications / M.S. Ebrahimi, M. Noruzi, R. Hamzehei, E. Etemadi, R. Hashemi // Materials & Design. – 2023. – Vol. 235. – P. 1–17. – doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112393.
- Study on surface quality and mechanical properties of micro-milling WE43 magnesium alloy cardiovascular stent / S. Pang, W. Zhao, T. Qiu, W. Liu, L. Jiao, X. Wang // Journal of Manufacturing Processes. – 2023. – Vol. 101. – P. 1080–1090. – doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.06.061.
- Additive manufacturing of vascular stents / Y. Li, Y. Shi, Y. Lu, X. Li, J. Zhou, A.A. Zadpoor, L. Wang // Acta Biomaterialia. – 2023. – Vol. 167. – P. 16–37. – doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.014.
- Optimized structure design of asymmetrical Mg alloy cerebrovascular stent with high flexibility / Y. Wang, C. Yan, D. Mei, Y. Li, K. Sheng, J. Wang, L. Wang, S. Zhu, S. Guan // Smart Materials in Manufacturing. – 2024. – Vol. 2. – P. 100040. – doi: 10.1016/j.smmf.2023.100040.
- D printed stents using fused deposition method / R. Khalaj, A.G. Tabriz, L.A. Junqueira, M.I. Okereke, D. Douroumis // Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. – 2024. – Vol. 97. – P. 105724. – doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2024.105724.
- Demir A.G., Previtali B. Lasers in the manufacturing of cardiovascular metallic stents: Subtractive and additive processes with a digital tool // Procedia Computer Science. – 2023. – Vol. 217. – P. 604–613. – doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.256.
- Guerra A.J., San J., Ciurana J. Fabrication of PCL/PLA composite tube for stent manufacturing // Procedia CIRP. – 2017. – Vol. 65. – P. 231–235. – doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2017.03.339.
- Chanmanwar R.M., Balasubramaniam R., Wankhade L.N. Application of manufacturing of microfluidic devices: review // International Journal of Modern Engineering Research. – 2013. – Vol. 3 (2). – P. 849–856.
- Çak?r O. Etchants for chemical machining of aluminium and its alloys // Acta Physica Polonica A. – 2019. – Vol. 135 (4). – P. 586–587. – doi: 10.12693/APhysPolA.135.586.
- Tehrani F.A., Imanian E. A new etchant for the chemical machining of St304 // Journal of Materials Processing Technology. – 2004. – Vol. 149 (1–3). – P. 404–408. – doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.02.055.
- Allen D., Almond H. Characterisation of aqueous ferric chloride etchants used in industrial photochemical machining // Journal of Materials Processing Technology. – 2004. – Vol. 149 (1–3). – P. 224–238. – doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.02.044.
- Cakir O. Chemical etching of aluminum // Journal of Materials Processing Technology. – 2008. – Vol. 199 (1–3). – P. 337–340. – doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.08.012.
- Agrawal D., Kamble D. Optimization of photochemical machining process parameters for manufacturing microfluidic channel // Materials and Manufacturing Processes. – 2019. – Vol. 34 (1). – P. 1–7. – doi: 10.1080/10426914.2018.1512115.
- Wangikar S.S., Patowari P.K., Misra R.D. Effect of process parameters and optimization for photochemical machining of brass and German silver // Materials and Manufacturing Processes. – 2016. – Vol. 32 (15). – P. 1747–1755. – doi: 10.1080/10426914.2016.1244848.
- Multi-objective optimization of EN19 steel milling parameters using Taguchi, ANOVA, and TOPSIS approach / P.K. Jadhav, R.S.N. Sahai, S. Solanke, S.H. Gawande // Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems. – 2024. – Vol. 7. – P. 100102. – doi: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100102.
- Улучшение характеристик электроэрозионной обработки сплавов NiTi, NiCu и BeCu с использованием многокритериального подхода на основе функции полезности / В.С. Джатти, В. Сингараджан, А. Сайятибрагим, В.С. Джатти, М.Р. Кришнан, С.В. Джатти // Обработка металлов (технология, оборудование, инструменты). – 2025. – Т. 27, № 2. – С. 57–88. – doi: 10.17212/1994-6309-2025-27.2-57-88.
- Anita J., Das R., Pradhan M.K. Multi-objective optimization of electrical discharge machining processes using artificial neural network // Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. – 2016. – Vol. 10 (1). – P. 11–18.
- Experimental study of NiTi alloy cardiovascular stent formed via SLM / H. Ji, W. Zhang, Z. Li, M. Chai, Y. Wang // Materials Today Communications. – 2024. – Vol. 41. – P. 110426. – doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.110426.
Supplementary files
