Modern Components and Challenges of Multimodal Approach to Prevention of Chronic Postoperative Pain Syndrome: A Review

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Abstract

This review analyzes contemporary components of the multimodal approach to preventing chronic postoperative pain syndrome. The reported prevalence of this complication ranges 5%–75%, depending on the type of surgical procedure. A published data search was performed in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, and 90 publications from 2015 to 2025 were selected. The review discusses key components of the multimodal approach, including regional anesthesia (PECS II and paravertebral blocks), pharmacological interventions (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gabapentinoids, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, and intravenous lidocaine infusion), and nonpharmacological modalities (physiotherapy, cryotherapy, electroanalgesia, and cognitive behavioral therapy). The combination of these techniques facilitates effective control of acute postoperative pain, minimizes the risk of pain chronification, and reduces the opioid load. Particular attention is given to promising techniques, especially intravenous lidocaine infusion, which has demonstrated a marked reduction in the incidence of chronic postoperative pain. Variability in the effectiveness of different components was noted depending on the type of surgery and individual patient factors, including psychological and genetic characteristics. Further multicenter randomized studies are needed to develop personalized clinical protocols and interdisciplinary approaches to integrating multimodal strategies into practice, particularly in the early postoperative period.

About the authors

Ildar I. Lutfarakhmanov

Bashkir State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: lutfarakhmanov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5829-5054
SPIN-code: 8047-1348

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

Russian Federation, Ufa

Adeliya M. Gafarova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: adeliya12@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-8593-5754
Russian Federation, Ufa

Polina A. Strelnikova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: strelnikovapolina2610@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-9439-5852
Russian Federation, Ufa

Timur R. Galeev

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: giramilg96@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-7552-4499
Russian Federation, Ufa

Alsu I. Akhmetzianova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: pieceoflight@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-3791-8144
Russian Federation, Ufa

Kristina S. Ginoyan

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: ginoyan_kris@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-6232-6502
Russian Federation, Ufa

Daria I. Khudyakova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: KhudyakovaDarya1@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-3610-6141
Russian Federation, Ufa

Ravil I. Shafeev

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: ravilshafeev003@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-7242-6487
Russian Federation, Ufa

Angelina V. Kuchina

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: kuchina.gelya@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-3009-7018
Russian Federation, Ufa

Zalina A. Khametova

The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov

Email: salina.hametova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-2339-6752
Russian Federation, Moscow

Milena I. Fazlyeva

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: milenafazlyeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-2311-8671
Russian Federation, Ufa

Ilvina M. Huziahmetova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: huziahmetova_ilvina@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-8071-8142
Russian Federation, Ufa

Sofya Yu. Safronova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: farrasofya@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-1303-110X
Russian Federation, Ufa

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Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

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2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».