Vol 26, No 4 (2024)

The paper examines the issues of transition to controlled development of mankind, as well as new approaches to the interpretation of the historical process, definition of globalization and periodization of world history, on which the conclusions in political and historical studies essentially depend. The diversity of opinions on the essence of the processes occurring in the world at the global level is reduced to one conceptual position: these processes are a manifestation of the beginning of a new period of world history (after the period of chaotic development of mankind) with its own laws and institutions of governance. The first signs of this new period are Globalization and Sustainable Development. Meanwhile, there is no precise definition of either Globalization or Sustainable Development, which has led in the first case to a distortion of the essence of this concept and the spread of erroneous approaches to Globalization, which have given rise to its excessive politicization and division of the world into its supporters and opponents, and in the second – to the absence of an established concept of Sustainable Development. The following are proposed as the basis for new approaches to defining Globalization and interpreting world history: 1) history is likened to human movement in an unfriendly environment (natural and human), determined by the law of "desire – obstacle –overcoming"; 2) the theory of the "scale ladder" based on scale management. Humanity turned out to be unprepared for such a rapid development of life at the supranational level, which resulted in a "war of all against all" and the threat of chaos. This was the result of the chaotic development of humanity. At the same time, there is currently a change in ideas about planetary society, which affects the formation of the future world order. As for global governance in such a world order, humanity is on the verge of realizing the need to move away from the unipolar world and build a new world order based on global collective power (based on the principles of harmonization, transparency and justice), which has no alternative to creating a more democratic system of global governance. The spread of democratic principles in the world, carried out, as a rule, by forceful methods, does not give the desired result. Only the formation of a global economy will lead to the solution of this problem. Humanity has a future, as stated in the work, only with the construction of a global economy under the influence of Globalization and Sustainable Development, which does not mean the disappearance of national states. The world is, according to the author, on the threshold of the end of chaotic and the beginning of controlled development of planetary society.

The software implementation of a message exchange system among participants in a human-machine team and a multi-agent neurocognitive decision-making system is presented in the article. The exchange system is implemented as a web service. The work presents the structure of the site, databases and describes the algorithms for its operation. Such an implementation will simplify the process of exchanging messages within the framework of a mission among various agents represented by robots, programs, decision-making systems and people involved in a human-machine team.

Nowadays digital image processing systems are characterized by a constant increase in the volume of processed information, increasing requirements for the processing quality in difficult conditions. Automation of image elements detection and analysis is one of the most promising areas of research in geoinformatics. In particular, there is a need to find linear and ring elements in aerospace area images. Traditionally, the detection process is done manually. This process is difficult to formalize and depends on a large number of natural and man-made factors. Together with the large volume of information received and the labor intensity, "manual" interpretation of images does not allow to process a large number of images in an acceptable time frame. Moreover, a person working with images has his own subjective perception features and evaluation criteria. These problems have been solved using methods based on the traditional geological and mathematical approach. Lines in an image are not the anomalies of the earth's crust themselves, but only their features; it is difficult to define the meaning of an individual line by computer means. Therefore, for clarity, in the context of this work, linear element (LE) will be considered as a pixel formation in a digital image, well approximated by a straight-line segment. Such structures, identified on aerospace images of the area, can serve as an external manifestation of various anomalies on the earth's surface, for example, ruptures of the earth's crust or various anomalies of physical fields. Thus, separate LEs identified on images can be objects of different origin, for assessing geological significance. The article presents the result of the analysis of the main methods for searching for linear elements on digital images, and also substantiates the choice of the Canny algorithm for the "LINEAMENTS2" module.

The article is devoted to the study of software tools for automatizing the process of data monitoring and analyzing received by the monitoring center of the security system operator. The relevance and significance of the research topic is substantiated. A brief justification is given for the role of the process of data monitoring and analyzing that is received by the security system center. The research methods are based on the use of monitoring analysis methods obtained from information collection systems in a wide variety of fields. Currently, a fairly wide range of software tools has been accumulated to automate the monitoring process, ensuring serviceability and timely response to certain events. In the work, the author proves that automation allows specialists to work faster, more flexibly and more productively – from improving system security to improving customer interaction.  It is concluded that the introduction of a cloud automation system is a prerequisite for the implementation of modern security systems. The introduction of such systems will significantly reduce the risks of dangerous situations and the response time to them without the need to increase the cost of security of the organization as a whole.

The nationally declared "Energy Strategy of Russia for the Period up to 2035" involves a comprehensive structural transformation of the energy sector and its transition to a qualitatively new level that meets the needs of the country's economic development. Improvement of energy efficiency is one of the priority directions of the policy outlined in Russian energy strategy for this period. Nowadays steps are being taken to encourage consumers to participate in increasing energy efficiency and leveling load schedules. The need for highly accurate forecasts of both energy consumption and production is becoming increasingly important. Moreover, a growing number of enterprises are becoming interested in improving their own energy efficiency and reducing electricity consumption costs, thereby increasing their profits. This research aims to develop a highly accurate mathematical model for forecasting electricity production volume. The accuracy of the model is enhanced by incorporating only dominant factors into the model, with a preliminary determination of the type of their functional dependence on the studied parameter. Additionally, these factors are shifted back by several periods to use reliable values of all factors in the model and avoid constructing separate forecasting models for them. This approach prevents the forecast error of each factor from compounding the overall model error. The magnitude of the shift is justified by the autocorrelation function.

Economic and political processes occurring in a particular country and in the world affect the level of population monetary income. Since 2020, Russian citizens have felt the negative impact of such processes. This was caused by issues such as the pandemic and sanctions against Russia. At this period many enterprises, especially in the small and medium-sized enterprise sector, had to close. A significant part of Russians has lost their jobs, which has led to a decrease in their income and an increase in prices for goods and services. Such general scientific methods as comparative, logical and statistical analysis were used as the methodological basis of this research. The conducted research may be of interest for the development of public policy measures aimed at increasing the level of monetary income of the population. In the context of a difficult geopolitical situation and economic sanctions, Russia was faced with the need to reconsider its economic policy. The imposed sanctions contributed to the fact that Russian citizens began to use their money within the country, and this will have a positive impact not only on the standard of living, but also on the well-being of the Russian economy. In addition, citizens will give preference to durable goods, home tourist trips, and the purchase of real estate and cars. This made it possible to maintain economic stability and direct the spending of Russian citizens to purchase goods and services within the country and support domestic producers of goods and services.

The state of labor markets both in the whole country and in individual regions is an important socio-economic indicator of the effectiveness of the state social policy. The strategy outlined by the Government of the Russian Federation for a multiple increase in the production of liquefied natural gas (hereinafter – LNG) in Russia created both new opportunities for the development of labor markets due to the growth in the number of high-paying jobs, and created additional risks associated with strong dependence on suppliers of imported equipment and technologies. The imposition of sanctions against the LNG industry has radically changed the requirements of LNG projects for the labor market – the key requirements are not the number of specialized specialists competent in imported technologies, but the quality of specialists capable of creating and developing their own LNG production technologies. The article provides a statistical analysis of the impact of the Arctic LNG-2 project on the labor markets of the Murmansk Region and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, and the issue of the impact of sanctions is considered and systemic proposals for the development of labor markets in modern conditions are formulated.

The article highlights upon the importance of competent choice of modern frontend technologies for the development of decision support systems in the field of organizational management in the context of sanctions and restrictions on the use of certain tools in Russia. The novelty of this study is a detailed comparative analysis of Svelte with other popular frontend frameworks, revealing its technical advantages and potential as an effective alternative to popular solutions in the market of frontend development of organizational management support systems. It also considers its mechanism of operation, peculiarities of integration into current systems and economic advantages of choosing this tool. The relevance of the study is emphasized by the fact that Russian companies today face the challenges of limiting access to technologies of different companies. Designing of decision support systems requires new approaches and innovative solutions, which makes the study and practical application of new technologies, such as Svelte, extremely relevant and significant. The paper touches upon the development prospects of the Svelte framework and draws conclusions about the feasibility and relevance of its application. The following methods of scientific research were used in the work: information gathering, comparative analysis, generalization, systematization.

The work is devoted to the study of a differential-difference equation with a fractional derivative of order not exceeding one. For the equation under consideration, a boundary value problem is posed and solved on a manifold that is a countable union of intervals. To solve the problem, we used an analogue of the Green function method, adapted for differential-difference equations. A general representation of the solution to the equation under study has been found, a fundamental solution has been constructed in terms of the Prabhakar function, its properties have been studied, and a theorem on the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the problem under study has been proven.

The article examines an important part of the history of the Ancient Near East, covering the stages of ethnogenesis and the political history of the indigenous population of Anatolia – the Kaskians. There are no analytical works on the history of Kaskians in Russian historiography. They appear sporadically in the research, in the context of the confrontation with the Hittite Empire. Ethnogenetic data show that the Kaskians were part of a larger Hatti people and occupied the southeastern regions of the Black Sea region. The analysis of sources, many of which are being introduced into scientific circulation in Russian historiography for the first time, allows us to state important events that influenced the history of the Middle East and neighboring regions. During the XVII – XII centuries BC, there was a gradual expansion of the territory of the settlement of the Kaskians and their political influence. The Hittite Empire proved powerless against the offensive of the Kaskians, as a result of which it loses access to the Black Sea. The Kaskians captured Hattussa, the capital of the Hittite Empire, and other cities several times, threatening the very existence of the state. In the XIII century BC. The Kaskians are beginning to actively interfere in the internal political processes in the Hittite state. Contrary to the main version of the role of the "peoples of the sea" in the defeat of the Hittite Empire, the analysis of written sources and archaeological data allows us to conclude that its fall as a result of the offensive of the Kaskians by the end of the XIII century BC. Further advance of the Kaskians to the southeast led to a clash with Assyria. Historical data on the possible succession of Paphlagonians and Cappadocians to the Kaskians are updated. The theory of the expansion of the Kaskians to the west, known to the Greeks as the Kavkons, who settled the Peloponnese and Attica after the Trojan War and left a noticeable mark on the political life of the region. The conclusion is made about the significant role of Kaskians in changing the ethnopolitical map of the Middle East and the early stage of the history of Ancient Greece, the ethnogenesis of the Adygs in the North Caucasus.

The article is an analysis of the polyphonic activity of Kaisyn Kuliev, in which the science of national folklore always had a prominent place. The subject of the study is the cycle of Karachay-Balkar historical and heroic songs, which were included in the all-Union collection «Songs of the Peoples of the North Caucasus» (1976) after the poet’s research, attribution, translation, commentary and analytical work. A multidimensional literary analysis of the presented texts confirms not only the talent and artistic skill of the nameless storytellers, but also the subtle aesthetic taste of Kaisyn Kuliev, who selected 12 of the most perfect samples from the entire number of oral folk art and ensured their publication.