卷 24, 编号 178 (2019)
- 年: 2019
- ##issue.datePublished##: 15.12.2019
- 文章: 20
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/1810-0201/issue/view/19708
完整期次
PEDAGOGY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Interaction of lecturers and students at university and outcome of educational activity
摘要
Bstract. We present the results of an empirical study on the identification and analysis of the opinions of students and lecturers of Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin on the impact of their relations system on the effectiveness of joint educational activities. The relevance of the study is justified by the need to identify the importance of personal contacts for the subjects of the educational process in the context of the proposed complete replacement of full-time lectures on online courses. The research program included two blocks: the identification of the positions of lecturers and students in the interaction, which reflect the features of the existing system of education at the university; the study and analysis of the impact of existing interaction on the attitude of students to educational and professional activities. The factors preventing the transition of lecturers to the organization of the educational process on the basis of the ideas of personality-oriented learning are revealed. The importance and necessity of using students’ opinions and graphic works (projective techniques) as diagnostic tools are substantiated. A comparative analysis of the main causes of students’ dissatisfaction with the existing interaction with lecturers (data of 2000 and 2018) is presented. The importance of lecturer’s reflexive activity in the context of self-regulation of his style of professional and pedagogical activity is revealed.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):7-12
7-12
Trends of open education system development
摘要
We studied the trends in the development of an open education system. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to develop an open education system in the context of improving Internet technologies, as well as from the standpoint of changing pedagogical views on learning technologies, taking into account new forms of socialization of young people in the Internet space. We examine the development trends of the open education system in the context of changing the elements of the pedagogical paradigm in the conditions of the information society and the dynamics of the development of information technologies themselves. Both contexts have a significant impact on the development of an open education system and allow us to come to the formulation of its new development tendencies: personification of educational environments according to professionally-oriented needs; development of methods for the natural retention of students in the environment of educational content; integration of different environments for learning purposes; inclusion in the content of the tasks of the formation of new competencies of specialists in high-tech industries for the innovation economy; orientation on innovative joint project activities. The studied development trends of the open education system of the educational process are considered as characteristic trends in the emergence of new opportunities in the field of education at the present stage of development of society.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):13-19
13-19
ПЕДАГОГИКА ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
From the history of pre-school children philological education: on the material of the famous book “From Two to Five”
摘要
It is devoted to the anniversary of bestseller of the 20th century - book by K.I. Chukovsky “From Two to Five” which had several dozen editions. This is a long-term writer’s study of the features of children’s thinking and speech, literary essays, revealing the possibilities of children’s creativity, advice of an experienced writer to those who compose works for children. Material on children’s speech for the book K.I. Chukovsky collected from scientists and writers, from teachers and doctors, from specialists and ordinary citizens of the country from different geographical places and from different social groups. The writer concluded about the linguistic genius of babies. The methods used by preschoolers in the development of their native languages are imitation, the search for patterns, the establishment of causes and effects, the classification of speech units, the analysis of someone else’s speech, comparison, generalization and others. We present many examples of children’s speech from the book by K.I. Chukovsky, give the scientific and methodological justification of children’s word creation, folk etymology, criticism of the language of pre-school children. The advantages of six chapters of the philological research are noted. We cite the scientists’ statements about the children philological possibilities, show the task of educators for the speech development of pre-school children.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):20-26
20-26
Problems of auditive skills formation among pupils
摘要
We consider the problems of formation auditive skills among pupils associated with not mentioning those skills in the methodology of teaching Russian (native) language; crudity of systematic and unified approach to the psychophysiological mechanisms of listening, auditory skills and listening strategies; insufficient knowledge of difficulties in the listening comprehension of words, phrases, texts; the absence of audio equipment; simplified understanding of the dialogue, reflected in the methodological literature; the absence of accurate identification of the differences between the perception of monologue and the perception of dialogue; the lack of interest in the role of the listener in the dialogue among the methodists specialists in Russian philology. In addition, we present the results of an experiment conducted in the 5th grade, on the perception of the proper names; analyzed understanding of the dialogue and the role of the listener in it reflected in the methodological dictionaries; set the “relative share” of dialogical texts in the dictation books, narrations for the 6th grade of secondary school, in the audio application to the academic and methodological complex under the redaction of A.D. Shmelev. Some errors of dialogical texts presentation made in one of the educational methodological manuals are also illustrated, and it is shown what kind of communicative failures can be a consequence of such mistakes; the requirement of levelness to the description of difficulties of speech perception by ear is formulated.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):27-34
27-34
THEORY AND METHODS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING TEACHING
Various types violations features of junior pupils coordinating abilities with hearing deprivation
摘要
Hearing impairment in the system of analyzers entails not only an isolated “exclusion” of one sense organ, but a defect in the whole development of the child. Hearing impairment is closely functionally interdependent with speech function and motor sphere. The hearing disorder is functionally closely interdependent, with speech function and motor area. For this reason, of all types of motor abilities are the most impaired coordination, as their development is based on the lack of functional formation of sensory systems involved in the management of movements. It is important to note that disorders in the development of coordination abilities in children with hearing disorders are most pronounced in preschool and primary school age. The influence of vestibular function disorders as a consequence of auditory deprivation on the development of coordination abilities of children of primary school age is described. These motor tests allow us to identify the development levels of coordination abilities following types: static balance, responsiveness, the ability to coordinate movements, the ability to differentiate muscle efforts and space, the ability to orient in space, tempo-rhythm ability. The obtained test results were evaluated with respect to the indicators of the development of six types of coordination abilities of primary school children without deviations in health status. The comparative analysis revealed the lag of the studied types of coordination abilities of younger schoolchildren with auditory deprivation.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):35-42
35-42
Female students pulse response on individual steps of step-aerobics
摘要
Health training based on aerobic exercise continues to occupy a leading position in modern fitness. Among them, aerobics on step-platforms occupies a special place. It is proved po- sitive influence of step aerobics on the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, etc. It is important when doing any kind of aerobics to watch over students. The value of heart rate is one of the most objective indicators of the body’s response to stress. The problems of load management during the step aerobics classes both by the instructor and by the students themselves remain relevant. We detected pulse response of students in the individual steps of step aerobics performed on the steppes of in different heights and with different amplitudes of hand movements. Low heart rate was observed when performing steps on a low degree without hand movements (with the exception of Mambo), the highest rates - on a high degree with hand movements of large amplitude. The greatest increase in heart rate is observed when performing steps Chasse, Cha-cha-cha, Lift side, the smallest - V-step, Mambo, Basic step. However, the performance of all the selected steps on the lower step with the movements of the hands of the average amplitude gave a larger increase of the pulse response than if these steps are performed on a high degree without the hand movements. It is proved that a greater increase in heart rate leads to the addition of hand choreography of different amplitudes than the increase in the height of the step. In this regard, it can be noted that many instructors do not deservedly pay little attention to the choreography of hand movements, adjusting the intensity only with the help of changing the height of the step. Knowledge of the pulse reaction of those engaged in various steps of step aerobics will allow the instructor to plan and adjust the load more accurately in the classroom.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):43-52
43-52
Volleyball players speed-strength abilities development
摘要
Volleyball-one of the team games, where muscle work is mostly presented by speed-power and coordination. Speed-strength training of volleyball players is solved by means of specialization and individualization of preparation methods, optimization of correlation physical and technical training, taking into account age features, a condition and preparedness of volleyball players that causes need of carrying out additional researches. The purpose of the study: to develop and test in practice the effectiveness of development methods of speed-strength abilities of volleyball players volleyball club “Tambov” in the preparation period. The following tasks are to be solved: 1) to determine the tests to assess of volleyball players speed-strength abilities; 2) to work out a methodology for the development of speed-strength abilities of volleyball players in the preparation period; 3) to test experimentally the effectiveness of the developed technique. Research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature; pedagogical observations; testing of speed-power abilities (control tests); pedagogical experiment; mathematical and statistical methods of information processing. Analysis of the experiment results allowed to establish an increase in the speed-strength abilities, reflecting the height of the jump - by 12 %; in indicators, reflecting the speed of movement - by 2 %; in indicators, reflecting the explosive force - by 8 %.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):53-59
53-59
Protective strategy of coping in the former male and female athletes social rehabilitation process
摘要
We discuss modern unexplored problem of life. The purpose of our scientific research is to find ways and means to help former female and male athletes who find themselves in difficult situations after active sports, and to assist them in becoming subjects of their future life, that is fully rehabilitated in the Russian society. In connection with the tasks we have clarified and presented in the causes, according to which the subjects were in a situation of stress. Further, the strategies of psychological protection of coping with former persons of different sex, age, individual psychological characteristics, previously engaged in sports in the process of their social rehabilitation are considered and defined. The novelty of the work is that the study was conducted on the example of former female and male athletes at the present stage of development of the Russian society and the role of sport in the formation of personality.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):60-67
60-67
Features of increase of physical endurance in system of special applied physical training of employees of Department of Internal Affairs
摘要
The relevance of the present study is due to the peculiarities of training of employees of the Internal Affairs bodies, who are required to know the fighting techniques and have the necessary level of special physical training. The protection of public order and public safety often requires the use of physical force in conditions of high fatigue. This necessitates the development of a comprehensive method of increasing physical endurance. The purpose of the present study is a comprehensive examination of the problems of improving physical endurance in the system of special applied physical training of employees of the Internal Affairs bodies, and the development of appropriate recommendations of a methodical nature. The methodological basis of the study is the analysis of methods of physical training of employees of the Internal Affairs bodies on the basis of the content of the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated July 1, 2017 № 450 “On approval of the manual on the organization of physical training in the Internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation”, as well as monitoring of a group of subjects before and after the implementation of the proposed recommendations to improve a certain physical quality within three months. We pay attention to the order of working out a number of power qualities, such as flexion and extension of the arms in the emphasis lying (push-ups), flexion and extension of the arms in the vis on the crossbar (pull-up), press weights, as well as the method of performing exercises on speed, speed and agility, different types of shuttle running, a variety of distances. The novelty of the study is to combine exercises to improve physical endurance in a single complex, including exercises of multidirectional nature.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):68-76
68-76
THEORY AND METHODS OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVITY ORGANIZATION
Successive approach implementation to the empirical research skills development of social and cultural activities specialist
摘要
The main approaches and algorithm of implementation of the successive approach to the development of skills of empirical research in the preparation of students in the direction of “Socio-Cultural Activity” are revealed. The features of concentric approach to research training of bachelors, masters and postgraduates are considered. Revealed the main directions and ways of formation of research skills in the framework of practical training, as well as the organization of independent work of students on the implementation of research projects. As part of the course “Methodology of scientific research” the development of variable modifications of the method of observation, as well as survey methods (conversation, interviewing, testing, questioning, expert survey) and methods of pedagogical experiment. The research procedures, their possibilities and limits of application are studied in detail. Special attention in the course of practical training requires mastering the skills to prepare a package of tools for pedagogical diagnostics, which is used to carry out measurements and fixing the parameters of the state of the object of study. According to the results of the study, students make analytical reviews of information, reflecting in a generalized form the specific features of the implementation of a technology in modern practice of social and cultural activities. In addition to the development of empirical methods, students learn the skills of presentation and testing of research results.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):77-84
77-84
Peculiarities of volunteer movement institutionalization in modern Russian society
摘要
We analyze the peculiarities of the process of institutionalization of the volunteer movement in Russia. The genesis of the concept of “institutionalization of the volunteer movement” as a mechanism of social and state interaction, support of volunteer initiatives for social efficiency of volunteer activity is considered. We characterize new types of volunteering (educational, corporate volunteering, family, volunteering in the media). The process of institutionalization of the volunteer movement is defined through the prism of the model of development of the social movement, which includes seven phases (latent, articulatory, organizational, ideological, quantitative, organizational, institutional). Volunteer movement is defined as mobile, with a clear organizational structure (formal and non-formal), uniting various social groups, transmitting the ideas of volunteerism as a response to the solution of acute social problems. We focuse on the institutional processes in the field of volunteer activities, pursuing the goals of the best volunteer social and cultural actions. The main institutional elements of volunteer movements (volunteer programs, volunteer actions, specialized congresses, forums, conferences, specialized networks of volunteer organizations; volunteer associations, unions, councils; funds for support and development of volunteering; volunteer information networks; state and municipal programs to support volunteer initiatives; legal support of volunteer activities) are highlighted. The perspective directions of the volunteer movement institutionalization in Russia are revealed.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):85-92
85-92
Special aspects of social education in additional education institutions
摘要
The importance of social education in institutions of additional education is revealed. The concept of social education, taking into account the features of the modern stage of development of society. Stresses the importance of using cultural codes, allowing to transfer information saved by generations, to generate in students a “worldview”, world outlook, patriotic consciousness. We formalize the role of additional education institutions in society with increasing changes in the socio-economic system. The use of information and communication technologies as a communication tool for teachers and project participants, including network ones, is considered on the example of the social education model “circle”. The analysis of statistical data has proved an increasing share of the use of digital economy technologies as tools of educational processes. This determined the need to adapt students to the activities in the expanding “information flow”. The advantages of the use of social networks in the implementation of the project method in the social education of patriotic feelings methods of folk art. The risks analysis of use new communication tools in educational and educational activity is carried out. The result of the study are recommendations to teachers on the use of new communication technologies in social education, the formation of communication culture.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):93-99
93-99
The development in children of preschool age artistic abilities to create the image of a man in portrait painting
摘要
The urgency of the problem of artistic abilities development of preschool age children in the process of creating an image of a person in drawing a portrait due to the high potential of this activity. In the course of acquaintance with the works of portrait art and teaching the image of a person in drawing a portrait, the child's ideas about the world of people, their characters and relationships, about himself and his place in society are enriched, which contributes to the positive perception of the child himself, adults and peers, and thus affects the process of positive socialization. The aim of the study is to identify the structure and content characteristics of the main components of artistic abilities to create an image of a person in drawing a portrait, to determine the actual level of their development among seven year old children, to develop a model of gradual formation of artistic abilities of senior preschoolers in the educational process.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):100-109
100-109
THEORY AND METHODS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Designing a computer application for the formation of passive vocabulary through text reading
摘要
The difficulty of forming passive vocabulary while reading texts in a foreign language is one of the most pressing challenges in foreign language teaching. Many Russian and international linguists have addressed the issue of developing passive vocabulary and the efficiency of its formation, but only the development of computer technology in recent decades has made possible the laying out a structured approach to the process of selection, storage and memorizing foreign words while reading. This article examines the problem of the formation of passive vocabulary and analyzes the interrelation of receptive and reproductive vocabulary according to the opinion of international and Russian researchers. A conclusion is made about the need for functional differentiation of receptive and reproductive linguistic material, as well as for ensuring the repeatability of lexical units for developing actual passive vocabulary. A hypothesis about the prospects of applying information technology while resolving this problem is generated. The development technology and structure of a computer application are described, as well as its main modules, classes and the structure of its interface. The methodology of an experiment aimed at confirming the effectiveness of the applied technologies and the results of a test passed by the experiment’s participants are presented. The hypothesis is confirmed. Further theoretical and practical studies of the problem of the formation of passive vocabulary are warranted. The possibility of adding new language pairs to the application and searching for other ways to form receptive vocabulary using computer technology is proposed.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):110-120
110-120
NATIONAL HISTORY
Demographic behavior and family life of military veterans in the Russian Empire in the 18th-19th centuries
摘要
We consider the features of demographic behavior, family and marital life of the representatives of the military class, which includes recruits, lower ranks soldiers, retired soldiers, and soldiers on indefinite leave, service-disabled veterans and members of their families: soldiers’ wives, soldiers’ children - cantonists and soldiers’ daughters. On the basis of involvement of a wide range of archival and published sources and materials we reconstructed family experience and marriage behavior of military veterans in the Russian Empire in the 19th century. We also identify social and legal, estates, domestic conflicts and trends that defined marriage rate, family structure of military veterans. Demographic positions and statistical errors in the calculation of representatives of the military class in the Russian province are clarified. We give a detailed historiographical assessment of the study of the daily and family life of military veterans, as well as the care system for the families of retired and soldiers on indefinite leave, as well as service-disabled veterans. Conclusions are made about the prospects of studying this scientific problem in the works of domestic and foreign historians, demographers, regional researchers, as well as the uniqueness of family and marriage relations among the representatives of the military class in the era of modernizing Russia.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):121-127
121-127
A birth rate problem in a provincial Russian city in the late 18th - early 20th century (basing on the materials of Tambov)
摘要
A birth rate as the major primary demographic process plays a key role in the course of population reproduction, influence on all society life spheres. We consider a number of controversial issues related to the study of some aspects of birth rate in a provincial Russian city at late 18th - the first half of the 19th centuries. We identify the features and problems of birth rate registration and analyze birth rate, the number of births per marriage, the number of children in families, the gender ratio at birth, the number and proportion of illegitimate children in the structure of the newborn in a provincial city in the late 18th - the first half of the 19th centuries. The comparative analysis reveals the birthrates from high to the highest level in this period that is typical for traditional society. At the same time, the study records the reduction in the number of children in the families of Tambov, the decrease in the number of families with six or more children, the reduction in the proportion of illegitimate children from the Tambov Orthodox population in the late 18th - the first half of the 19th centuriesand its increasing in the post-reform period. There was a decrease in infantile mortality. We identify the need to expand the source base, to use the methodological and methodical approaches of a multidisciplinary study and the possibilities of information technologies to clarify a number of quantitative indicators that characterize the birthrate and demographic processes in a provincial Russian city at late 18th - the first half of the 19th centuries.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):128-139
128-139
“Physically defective children” and their care in the first third of the 20th century: the regional aspect
摘要
We systematically study the practice of social protection of children with hearing and vision disabilities, as well as other categories of “physically defective” children and adolescents in the Tambov Governorate in the first third of the 20th century. On the basis of a wide range of primary materials, first of all, periodicals, archival sources, memories, statistical data, various little-known aspects of the claimed scientific problem were studied. We summarize the domestic and foreign experience of studying the social security system of “special” children in provincial Russia. The variants of social care for children with disabilities, including in the context of charitable activities, have been clarified. The legal aspects of the regulation of physical and social defectiveness during the Soviet period are specially considered. The main stages of the charitable and public initiative to support children with disabilities are identified. Attention is drawn to the impact of the First World War of 1914-1918, revolutionary upheavals, Civil War, regional specificity and the specific historical manifestations of the care of these “special” children at the level of a particular region - Tambov Governorate. The influence of regional trends on education and training, as well as the subsequent socialization of children with hearing and vision disabilities is clarified. It is proved that the new economic policy has had a powerful negative impact on the entire system of social security of orphans, children’s homes, in fact eliminating all the positive developments and experience that has developed in the Tambov Governorate.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):140-148
140-148
The whites, the reds, the greens of Russian Civil War: origins of high social aggression and its political spectrum. Part 2. Some results of marking social aggression
摘要
The new information in the concept of the Russian Revolution and Civil War and the methods of marking and tracing of higher social activities (aggression) of that formative period are given. The principle of historical methods demands to view that upheaval of social aggression in its military revolutionary presentation as a product and a tool of the global social and natural synergy to control traditional and transitional populations with its natural and demographic basis. The methods of the analysis include making and processing of various electronic database, embraced dozens of million people, to trace an evolution of marked social aggression via long unbreakable lines of sociographic information. We demonstrate some results of marking social aggression in Russia of the late 19th - first quarter of 20th century. In the set of markers are: the time and the place of birth, social estate origin, nationality, gender, education, occupation, political “color”, social elite trends and structures and other social mobility (migration, repression), military officers’ shares, the highest military orders commanders, psycho-sexual and anthroponomical features.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):149-174
149-174
FOREIGN COUNTRIES’ HISTORY
The influence of Soviet Union on the post-war culture development of Eastern Germany (1945-1949)
摘要
The study of cultural problems in the countries of the socialist community has acquired considerable relevance in historical research recently. At the same time there are considerable gaps in the study of culture of German Democratic Republic. For the period from 1945 to 1949 it is especially true. Appeal to the sources of the Soviet period can make it partly up. Nevertheless, this is insufficient. A modern view of the culture of East Germany after Second World War is necessary. The policy of Socialist Unified Party of Germany at the socialist culture formation period is the subject of this research. The consideration of the influence of Soviet Union and ideas of October Revolution on the postwar cultural development of East Germany (1945-1949) is the aim of this research. The realization of research tasks based on the using of Soviet and German books, newspapers and magazines is achieved. Sociopragmatic method, that allows to objectively investigate the processes in Soviet occupation zone of German is the main in this work. Social processes that occurred from 1945 to 1949 in East Germany are investigated. The degree of influence of Soviet Union and the ideas of October Revolution on the cultural policy of Socialist Unified Party of Germany is determined. The study of the Soviet influence on the cultural policy of Socialist Unified Party of Germany in the German society allowed to determinate its level as quite high. The study confirms the conclusions of researchers that party persons of SUPG sought to conduct cultural policy in East Germany based on the Soviet sample.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):175-181
175-181
К 240-летию ТАМБОВСКОЙ ДУХОВНОЙ СЕМИНАРИИ
St. Luke the Confessor’s (Voyno-Yasenetsky) years of ministration in Tambov land in recorded documents and witnesses’ memories
摘要
We discuss the years of ministration of St. Luke (Voyno-Yasenetsky), who was Archbishop of Tambov and Michurinsk and ruled the Tambov Eparchy from February 1944 to May 1946. We present the number of memories of witnesses who spoke with Archbishop Luke, attended his sacred services, helped in the restoration of the Pokrovsky parish, were his patients or worked together with His Grace in the evacuation hospitals of Tambov, where he was the chief surgeon-consultant and conducted his famous operations. We recorded memories of a senior cleric of the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Saviour of the city of Tambov, Mitred Archpriest Boris Zhabin, who at the age of seven first saw the Archbishop Luka, Lyubov Petrovna Abramova, who witnessed the revival of the Pokrovsky Cathedral of the city of Tambov during the ministration of St. Luke, the participant of the Great Patriotic War, captain 1st rank Nikolay Stefanovich Chaplygin, as well as graduates of Tambov Medical School and nurses of the Tambov evacuation hospital Vera Ivanovna Levashova, Nina Nikolaevna Zayko and Claudia Timofeevna Chaplygina. Each of the witnesses reveals his story of meeting and communicating with Archbishop Luke, who left an indelible impression on their souls. From these memories and testimonies one can feel the atmosphere in which St. Luke’s years of ministration were held, it is even possible to reconstruct the way of life and the situation of that wartime. The vernacular language of each witness adds its own unique sound and at the same time reveals different traits of St. Luke’s personality. The collection of witnesses’ memories creates a kind of public portrait of the personality of the great scientist and hierarch and now the famous saint - St. Luke the Confessor (born Valentin Feliksovich Voyno-Yasenetsky).
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(178):182-192
182-192