Concept of “end of history” and its rethinking: F. Fukuyama’s views evolution

We analyze the evolution of the Fukuyama’s views on the development of modern globalized world. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that this issue is not fully covered in the Russian scientific literature. In particular, little attention is paid to the Western critics of F. Fukuyama, who from the very beginning put forward serious remarks against his concept. We rely on a chronological method, in which the ideological evolution of F. Fukuyama correlates with key events in the history of international relations, for example, September 11, 2001. It is proved, that as a result the American thinker seriously revised his famous concept of “end of history”. Although F. Fukuyama still does not see any serious competition between liberal democracy and rival ideologies, he admits that there are fundamental problems in the system he proposed earlier. F. Fukuyama notes that the main peril for liberal democracy comes from its internal weaknesses, which are related to the biosocial nature of human and the structure of his inner personality. At the same time, F. Fukuyama acknowledges, it is impossible to suspend the development of technologies, specifically biotechnologies, and to predict the results that it can bring to the whole mankind. Because of that, we conclude that the “end of history” is postponed, and liberal democracy is only a short step in the endless spiral of the existence of human society.

F. Fukuyama, end of history, human nature, liberalism, clash of civilizations, biotechnology