Postoperative course assessment after displaced third molar extraction

Background: According to published data, the incidence of mandibular third molar retention is 55%. Surgical intervention in this condition is one of the most challenging inpatient surgical procedures, with the highest number of complications.

Aim: To assess the postoperative course after third molar extraction using various postoperative management approaches.

Methods: The study included 57 patients aged 20 to 35 years with confirmed third molar retention and displacement who were examined and received surgical treatment at the surgery unit of the General Dentistry Clinic of the Kirov Military Medical Academy. The patient were divided into four groups based on the postoperative management approach. In Group 1 (n=14), blood clots formed in extraction sockets, with complete closure of the postoperative wound; in Group 2 (n=15), blood clots formed in extraction sockets, the sockets were sutured, and a glove drain was used; in Group 3 (n=15), extraction sockets were filled with «Alvanes» material, the sockets were sutured, and a glove drain was used; and in Group 4 (n=13), extraction sockets were filled with «Alvanes» material, with complete closure of the postoperative wound.

Results: Groups 1 and 4 had the most severe soft tissue edema, fever response, and pain, whereas Group 2 had the least. Group 3 had mild pain and soft tissue edema; no fever response was reported.

Conclusion: Filling extraction sockets with «Alvanes» material after mandibular third molar extraction improves the postoperative course and reduces the incidence of complications. Postoperative wound drainage reduces edema and facilitates recovery in complicated cases of third molar extraction.