Effects of solar activity and geographic latitude on genetic homeostasis of human somatic cells

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Associations between genetic stability of human somatic cells and solar activity across latitudes have been studied. A human buccal epithelium micronucleus test was selected as a method for evaluating genetic homeostasis.

AIM: To assess effects of solar activity on the genetic stability of human somatic cells using the micronucleus test in buccal epithelium in relation to the geographical location of subjects.

METHODS: Men aged 18 to 21 years with no harmful habits and taking no medication comprised the sample. Studies were conducted simultaneously in four cities of the Russian Federation: Sevastopol, Voronezh, Tomsk, and Khanty-Mansiysk. The effect of three types of solar flares, whose classification is based on changes in the amplitude of the thermal X-ray burst, was studied. Material for the cytogenetic study was collected on days 3, 7, and 10 after the solar flare. The human buccal epithelium micronucleus test was selected as a method to evaluate genetic homeostasis. At least 1,000 cells were examined on each preparation, among which the number of cells with micronuclei, perinuclear vacuoles, notches, “broken egg” and “tongue” type protrusions, karyorexis, karyolisis, and karyopyknosis was determined. In total, 495 thousand buccal epithelial cells were analyzed. Statistical processing of the data was performed using “Stadia” and “Statistica” software packages. Effecs of solar andlatitude on genetic homeostasis of somatic cells was performed using multivariate analysis of variance and two-factor analysis of variance with fixed effects.

RESULTS: Solar activity affected the stability of the human genetic apparatus by increasing the influence of the city pollution and its geographical location on the number of cells with nucleus abnormalities. We also observed a combined effect of solar flare and season on the number of cells with nucleus aberrations. More nuclear anomalies were registered in the winter. We did not detect any difference in the number of cells with nucleus anomalies on the 3rd, the 7th, the 10th, and the 17th days after the flare suggesting no associations between solar activity and the number of cells with nuclear abnormalities.

CONCLUSION: The highest number of cells with nucleus abnormalities is observed in Sevastopol reflecting with the greatest level of anthropogenic pollution of this city compared to the other locations. Solar activity increases the influence of the city pollution and its geographical location on the number of cells with nucleus abnormalities. The results obtained can be used in conducting a micronucleus test of human buccal epithelium and in planning measures to assess the genotoxicity of the environment.

About the authors

Vladislav N. Kalaev

Voronezh State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: Dr_huixs@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4247-4509

dr. sci. (biol.), professor

Russian Federation, 1 Universitetskaya square, 394018 Voronezh

Vladislav P. Zuevsky

Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy

Email: zvp_surgut@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4662-9205

md, dr. sci. (med.), professor

Russian Federation, Khanty-Mansiysk

Marina S. Nechaeva

N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University

Email: MAR-Y-ANA@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4880-6751

cand. sci. (biol.)

Russian Federation, Voronezh

Nikolay N. Ilyinskikh

National Research Tomsk State University

Email: nauka-tomsk@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1014-1096

dr. sci. (biol.), professor

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Ekaterina N. Ilyinskikh

National Research Tomsk State University

Email: infconf2009@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7646-6905

md, dr. sci. (med.), associate professor

Russian Federation, Tomsk

Anastasiya O. Lantushenko

Sevastopol State University

Email: lantushenko@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3614-9387

cand. sci. (physics and mathematics), associate professor

Russian Federation, Sevastopol

Olga S. Korneeva

Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies

Email: korneeva-olgas@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2863-0771

dr. sci. (biol.), professor

Russian Federation, Voronezh

Tatiana V. Zuevskaya

Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy

Email: z-alnair@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9315-1320

md, dr. sci. (med.), associate professor

Russian Federation, Khanty-Mansiysk

Anna V. Larina

Voronezh State University

Email: larina.anyuta2010@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5389-9580

assistant lecturer

Russian Federation, Voronezh

Evgeniya N. Shipilova

Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies

Email: esipilova1505@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5954-7447

student

Russian Federation, Voronezh

Valentina A. Gavrilova

Sevastopol State University

Email: havrilovavalentina@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3410-6535

student

Russian Federation, Sevastopol

Denis Yu. Baranov

Sevastopol State University

Email: Baranov663@scientifictext.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-1260-1028

student

Russian Federation, Sevastopol

Irina V. Degtyar

Sevastopol State University

Email: skuratovskaya95@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3797-7360

assistant lecturer

Russian Federation, Sevastopol

References

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Frequency of cells with nucleus abnormalities in buccal epitheliocytes of the subjects (‰) depending on the city of residence and season of the year. Designations: a — the difference with the frequency of occurrence of cells with abnormalities occurring in the C-flare is significant (р <0.001); б — the difference with the frequency of cells with abnormalities occurring in the M-flare is significant (р <0.001); в — the difference with the frequency of cells with abnormalities occurring at C-flare is significant (р <0.01); г — the difference with the frequency of cells with abnormalities occurring at C-flare is significant (р <0.05).

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3. Fig. 2. Frequency of cells with different nucleus abnormalities in buccal epitheliocytes of the subjects (‰) depending on the city of residence and season of the year. Designations: a — the difference with the frequency of cells with abnormalities occurring in the C-flare is significant (р <0.001); б — the difference with the frequency of cells with abnormalities occurring in the M-flare is significant (р <0.001); в — the difference with the frequency of cells with abnormalities occurring at C-flare is significant (р <0.05).

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4. Fig. 3. Associations between the number of cells with micronuclei (‰) and the day of sampling in the C-flare. Notations: a — the difference with the frequency of cells with abnormalities 10 days after exposure to the flare is significant (р <0.05).

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5. Fig. 4. Associations between the number of cells with micronuclei (‰) and the day of sampling in the M-flare.

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6. Fig. 5. Associations between the number of cells with micronuclei (‰) and the day of sampling in the X-flare.

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7. Fig. 6. Associations between the number of cells with “broken egg” type protrusions (‰) and the day of sampling in the C-flare. Notations: б — the difference with the frequency of cells with abnormalities 7 days after exposure to the flare is significant (р <0.05).

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8. Fig. 7. Associations between the number of cells with “broken egg” type protrusions (‰) and the day of sampling in the M-flare.

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9. Fig. 8. Associations between the number of cells with “broken egg” type protrusions (‰) and the day of sampling in the X-flare.

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10. Fig. 9. Associations between the number of cells with perinuclear vacuoles (‰) and the day of sampling in the C-flare. Notations: a — the difference with the frequency of cells with abnormalities 10 days after exposure to the flare is significant (р <0.05); б — the difference with the frequency of cells with disorders 7 days after exposure to the flare is significant (р <0.05); в — the difference with the frequency of cells with abnormalities 10 days after exposure to the flare is significant (р <0.01).

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11. Fig. 10. Associations between the number of cells with perinuclear vacuoles (‰) and the day of sampling in the M-flare.

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12. Fig. 11. Associations between the number of cells with perinuclear vacuoles (‰) on the day of sampling in the X-flare. Notation: г — the difference with the frequency of cells with abnormalities 17 days after exposure to the flare is significant (р <0.01).

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