No 4 (2023)

The subject of this study was chosen by the haiku (comic poems) of the great Japanese poet Matsuo Basho (1644–1694), who won interest from scientists and translators of many countries of the world. In Japan, thanks to the work of textologists and commentators, a rich hermeneutic literature has developed that allows not only Japanese, but also foreign philologists to solve the problems of interpretation of the text and reproduce it in another language. Poems proposed by V. N. Markova (1907–1995), outstanding Russian translator and poet, allow us to highly appreciate the skill of translation and a wide range of Russian language means aimed at implementing the deep content of the Far Eastern segment of the world culture presented in haiku. The stylistic originality of haiku is analyzed in the context of aesthetic categories (yugen, sabi) inherent in the work of Basho. The associative subtext, reminiscent series, semantic variability and emotional content of the source as an object of translation are investigated. The methods of interpretation and transformation of the Japanese text are revealed, which convey to the reader the implicit properties of haiku, their peculiar technique of organizing the poetic space. It consists in applying a complex system of seasonal images-symbols (kigo), the linguistic cultural content of which calls for a recipient to co-creation. Higher human snowdrift is also achieved by the use of cesura (kireji), the diverse functionality of which requires a close view of the nuances of meanings. The attention of V. N. Markova to the author’s word, Japanese poetic tradition, the possibilities of the language of translation, linguistic contrastness, is noted. The skill of the translator allows, in order to transform the source material, it allows you to effectively use the techniques of translation activity ‒ the addition, modulation, expansion, which are based on attracting background knowledge not only about the culture of Japan, but also in China.

The need of society to train the qualified specialists in the field of architectural environment design serves to form thisThe need of society to train the qualified specialists in the field of architectural environment design serves to form this sphere as a professional one in 21st century. The emergence of the latest technologies and materials leads to the fact that many naming units of this field are borrowed with the culture-bound term and experience of foreign designers. The relevance of the work is the need of studying the foreign language terminology due to the professionals’ necessity to unify it. The purpose of this work is to describe the phenomenon of xenogenicity in the terminology of “Design of architectural environment”. Xenogenicity refers to the presence of a language unit of formal and/or semantic correlation with the equivalent of a foreign language. The material for the study was the foreign-language namings of the field “Design of architectural environment”, selected from such sources as terminological and encyclopedic dictionaries, educational and scientific literature, and professional Internet resources. The methodological basis of the article is the general scientific and linguistic means of descriptive and lexicographic methods. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact that terminological units of foreign language origin that are not recorded in lexicographic sources have been identified and analyzed, current materials of professional Internet discourse have been introduced into scholarly discourse. In the course of the study, there were analyzed architectural and design terms containing foreign-language components located at different language levels: phonetic-graphic, morphemic, lexical, syntactic. Terms with foreign language elements of the phonetic-graphic and lexical levels of the language demonstrate full explicit xenogenicity. The phonetic-graphic level of xenogenicity is represented by foreign-language inclusions, lexical borrowings represent xenogenicity at the lexical level. At the morphemic level incomplete xenogenicity is demonstrated in borrowings with partial morphemic substitution and in hybrids (words consisting of the elements of different origin) as well as in derivatives formed on the basis of the foreign-language units. Implicit xenogenicity is found in non-original architectural and design terms, which appeared as a result of loan translations at the lexical level and phraseological calques at the syntactic level. Complex (explicit-implicit) xenogenicity is characteristic of word-formation and phraseological half-calques, respectively, at the lexical and syntactic levels. Dictionary entries of professional terms for sphere “Architectural environment design” are given as exemplification of the various types of xenogenicity. It is found out that the lexical units of architectural and design terminology have xenogenicity of different degrees: full and incomplete explicit xenogenicity as well as implicit and combined explicit and implicit xenogenicity. The largest number of lexical units express xenogenicity explicitly. The practical significance of the article lies in the possibility of using its materials in lexicographic practice.

The study is carried out within the framework of functional grammar and is aimed at studying Russian comparative-assimilative adverbs of military themes. The aim of the work is to conduct a comprehensive study of the functioning of comparative-assimilative adverbs of military themes taking into account explicit and implicit semantic features, to determine the composition of this thematic group and to identify word-formation features and types of combinability. The research is based on the works of Russian linguists treating comparative adverbs from different points of view and applying different scientific approaches, as well as on the works of linguists studying lexical-semantic groups of words of the “war” thematic group. The illustrative material was taken from statements from the National Corpus of the Russian language and from a free selection from the Internet. The work was carried out within the framework of A.V. Bondarko’s theory of categorical situations of functional grammar, and elements of contextual and component analysis were also applied. During the research, the composition of this group of adverbs was distributed into semantic subgroups describing the behaviour of persons belonging to different types and divisions of troops, conditions of military service, military ranks and positions. In dividing into word-formation types, a special type with a qualitative-substantive connotation was distinguished, with the meaning of places of location and dislocation of military operations. The division of military adverbs into compatibility types was carried out taking into account the connective, adversative, qualifying and explanatory relations with the main word and as the result both general (according to appearance and speech, character and behaviour, situation and living conditions) and individual semes were identified. As a result of the study, it was found that to represent the behaviour of persons, objects and phenomena of military subjects, comparative-suggestive adverbs actualize in the minds of native speakers either a well-known image in the form of background knowledge, or one of the nuclear or peripheral features.

Various communication strategies and tactics are implemented in modern political media to conduct information warfare. Moreover, they are used to govern the public opinion. A discrediting strategy and its tactics is one of the most frequently used strategy in political media. The article focuses on two direct tactics implementing a discrediting strategy: the tactics of negative forecasting, the tactics of deceived expectations. The purpose of the article is to investigate the means of performing the tactics of negative forecasting and the tactics of deceived expectations, which discredit the D. Biden administration directly. The corpus drawn upon is 229 scripts of “Tucker Carlson Tonight”, 743 pages in total. The empirical material of the study is 554 contexts, where both the tactics are performed. To analyze the material, we used a descriptive and comparative method along with contextual analysis techniques, as well as definition, semantic, lexical-stylistic and quantitative analysis. Most of the empirical data comprises contexts that implement the tactics of negative forecasting. In addition, there are some cases when both the tactics perform simultaneously. A set of linguistic means is used to implement the tactics of negative forecasting and of deceived expectations. These means include morphological, syntactic, lexical, and stylistic ones. To perform the tactics of negative forecasting and deceived expectations, the common language tools are: modal verbs can (could), may (might), will (would), the zero conditional and the first conditional, idioms, metaphors and epithets. The Future simple is used to perform the tactics of negative forecasting, whereas the tactics of deceived expectations is implemented by the Past simple. The peculiar stylistic means for the tactics of negative forecasting are euphemism, dysphemism, litote, extenuation. Stylistic contrast is common for the tactics of deceived expectations. The Biden administration is discredited by the tactics of negative forecasting more often than by the tactics of deceived expectations. The discrediting effect is maximized when these tactics are used simultaneously.

The word “province” is associated with a variety of meanings, starting from the literal (the territory of the state) and ending with metaphorical (stagnation, backwardness, lack of education, etc.). These meanings were formed around the “province” and accumulated in the Russian speech consciousness mainly through the efforts of fiction of the XIX century. Thus, from a lexeme with a specific direct meaning, the word “province” was transformed into an abstract concept, concept and myth. This study is an attempt to reconstruct, describe and systematize all meanings based on the materials of the “National Corpus of the Russian Language”. The focus of the article is only those meanings that are associated with psychological or existential states.Among the mentions of the word “province” and its derivatives, 108 cases were identified in which the context of describing feelings was contained. All cases have been studied. The analysis resulted in 13 meanings reflecting the idea of the province in terms of psychological and existential states: longing/boredom; uncertainty, dependence; loss of self and abilities; fear/horror/anxiety; shame; sadness/sadness; despair; loneliness; madness; apathy; lack of freedom; peace; freedom. It turned out that in the literature of the XIX century, mainly negative connotations accumulate around the concept of “province”. Few positive meanings (peace, freedom) refer to the sentimentalist tradition, appear during the decline of the “noble nests” and Slavophile aspirations to purify the idea of the Russian province from negative meanings. Negative psychological or existential ones are caused by: a) the province’s lack of its own identity and, as a result, self-assessment from the position of the Other (uncertainty, dependence on authorities and the “metropolitan”, fear/ horror/anxiety, shame); b) the direct immersion of provintsials in an eventless provintsial life (longing/boredom, sadness/sadness, despair, loneliness, apathy, lack of freedom, insanity, loss of oneself and one’s abilities, motives for sleep and death).

The article examines communicative mimicry. Different opinions as to its nature are compared; differences in researchers’ approaches to it are defined, on which basis the author concludes that communicative mimicry can be seen both in a narrow and in a broad way. In the first case we speak only about the unconscious adaptation, adjustment to the interlocutor’s verbal behavior without any prejudice to one’s own verbal identity, while in the second case such mimicry is a conscious communicative strategy, a verbal mask, the goal of which is to influence the interlocutor by means of manipulation. The basis of the speech mask as communication strategy is the need to adapt to the interlocutor depending on the specific situation of communication. The author notes that in the linguistic sense, mimicry – is a process of adaptation and ability to adapt. At the same time people have varying degrees of ability to adapt, which depends not only on the level of communicative competence, but also on the purpose of communication, as well as the identity of the interlocutor. The analysis of the linguistic material leads us to the conclusion on two views of the communicative mimicry: the authors recognize that the ability to adapt is important and necessary, on the other hand they fear that someone else’s imitation washes away one’s own uniqueness and personality’s individuality. Comprehending the phenomenon of communicative mimicry, writers define such goals as 1) a desire to please, 2) a necessary condition for corporate communication, 3) for an effective manipulative influence.

Literature for children is a whole layer of Komi literature, which is little studied today. There are critical articles that reveal the thematic and figurative originality of poetic works for children, but there are no separate works in which the poems of Komi poets would be considered from the point of view of their subject organization. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the approach to the analysis of N. Shchukin’s poems from the point of view of their subjective organization. Based on the analysis of literary material, it was established that in his work the predominant forms of expression of the author’s consciousness are the lyrical hero and the subject-poetic world. The Komi poet’s children’s poetry is characterized by such a lyrical hero, which reflects both the childish and adult beginnings, but with the obvious dominance of the adult. A lyrical hero is a person for whom childhood impressions become memories in adulthood. The fact that the adult beginning prevails in the poems is indicated by the time factor: the unity of the present with the past is reflected through the verbs. The lyrical hero occupies a certain, but not dominant position. In N. Shchukin’s children’s poetry, the subject-poetic world becomes the main form of expression of the author’s consciousness. A feature of the poems is that the poet in them, with the help of colors, focuses the attention of young readers on discovering the simple and discreet beauty of the northern nature. However, the use of metaphorical animation of natural phenomena, the use of verbs and the sound orchestration of works create an image of an unusual, fabulously magical wildlife, which makes it possible for children to feel, feel and hear the world around them. The poetic world as a way of expressing the author’s consciousness in N. Shchukin’s children’s lyrics is also manifested in poems based on artistic techniques of the folklore genre form – riddles. In this poetic work, objects are given in bright, expressive, but at the same time, details understandable to children, correlated with his life experience in his native land.