Wound-healing effect of pectin nanogel with encapsulated sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) oil in in vivo experiments

Introduction. One of the important tasks of medicine is the healing of burn wounds, since the process of renewal of damaged tissues takes a long time and can be accompanied by complications. The use of new technologies and drugs, such as nanogels with encapsulated oils, has excellent prospects for accelerating wound healing and improving tissue regeneration. The use of pectin nanogel with sea buckthorn oil (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) can significantly affect both the effectiveness of burn wound therapy and the acceleration of the regeneration process.

Purpose of the study – evaluation and characterization of morphophysiological changes in the skin and the functional state of fibroblasts in the burn wound area when using pectin nanogel with encapsulated sea buckthorn oil.

Material and methods. In this study, a polysaccharide nanogel based on low-methoxylated apple pectin and apricot gum with encapsulated sea buckthorn oil (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) was developed – hereinafter referred to as "Gel OM". Comparative studies were conducted on the effectiveness of burn wound healing using the nanogel "Gel OM" with the liquid patch "Plast" on 32 same-sex white outbred rats. The experimental animals were divided into two groups – 16 individuals in each. Group A is the main group using "Gel OM" (pectin nanogel with sea buckthorn oil). Group B is the control group using the liquid patch "Plast". The main 2 groups, depending on the observation time, were additionally subdivided by days of observation into subgroups: A1, A2, A3, A4 and B1, B2, B3, B4. The experiment was carried out with subsequent morphological analysis of tissues taken from the burn wound area.

Results. The study used tissues taken from the wound area, which were subjected to various methods of processing and staining for subsequent analysis. In both groups, microscopic examination of tissue sections showed that wound healing on the 3^rd and 7^th days occurred at the same rate. However, in group B3 on the 14th day, the re-epithelialization process was more pronounced than in group A3. On the 21st day, in group A4, uneven regeneration of the epithelium with areas of hyperproliferation was observed, while in group B4 wound healing occurred faster and more completely.

Conclusions. The results of this work showed that in groups A and B, healing occurs according to the type of reparative regeneration with complete restoration of the histological structure of the epidermis and dermis. However, in group B (using the nanogel "Gel OM"), the healing process and formation of granulation tissue is accelerated in relation to group A (using the liquid patch "Plast"). Thus, the use of the polysaccharide nanogel form with encapsulated sea buckthorn oil ("Gel OM") in the main group showed greater efficiency in restoring burn wounds in animals compared to the liquid patch "Plast" in the comparative group. "Gel OM" demonstrated good results and this allows us to recommend this developed product for use in medicine to restore the histological structure of the skin, to accelerate the regeneration of burn wounds, especially at later stages of healing.