Vol 21, No 5 (2016)
- Year: 2016
- Articles: 8
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/1560-9529/issue/view/2440
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/EID.215
Articles
The study of the area of distribution of west nile virus in the territory of the European part of Russia; the results of seroepidemiological research. report 1: Astrakhan region, Krasnodar region, Stavropol region, Saratov region
Abstract
Sera of inhabitants of the European part of Russia, collected in 2010-2013 were studied with the use of ELISA and neutralization test. Antibodies to West Nile virus were detected in 19.6% of cases in the Astrakhan region, 4.5% - in the Krasnodar region, 0.9% - in the Saratov region and 5.4% - in the Stavropol region. The coincidence of the results of the examination of sera in ELISA-IgG and neutralization test accounted of 80.7% in the Astrakhan region, 72.2% - in the Krasnodar region and 69.2% - in the Saratov region. The presented results correlate with the incidence and duration of known epidemiological activity of West Nile fever in the territories of these regions. Analysis of our data, as well as statistics of the morbidity rate of West Nile fever in the Volgograd and Rostov regions and Dagestan confirm endemic and expanding foci of this infection in the southern regions of Russia, currently including Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov, Saratov, Krasnodar and Stavropol regions and Dagestan. The most active and stable foci are located on the territory of Astrakhan, Volgograd and Rostov regions.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2016;21(5):244-252
244-252
Clinical and epidemiological aspects malaria in Krasnodar territory
Abstract
Objective: to define clinical, epidemiological and entomological characteristics of malaria in the Krasnodar Territory in 2001-2014. Materials and methods. The clinical and epidemiological aspects of malaria in 25 patients hospitalized in the regional clinical hospital for the period 2005-2014 were studied. A comparative analysis of the incidence of malaria was done, entomological indicators of malaria season in the region for pathogens vivax in the last 3 years were considered. Results and discussion. In the Krasnodar Territory malaria is imported mainly from Africa (68%), more than half of cases (54.2%) - local residents, Russian citizens. Foreign citizens (Africans, migrants from Tajikistan) amounted to 45.8%. Basically middle-aged (21-59 years) men (88%) are subjected, traveling abroad for professional purposes, the tourists among the cases amounted to 15.4%. The residence time in an endemic area ranged from 16 days to 24 months, with regular chemoprophylaxis absence in 80% of cases. Cases of imported malaria in were recorded mainly from May to September, which corresponds to the epidemiological season with a high risk of disease transmission. In the etiological structure of imported malaria Pl.falciparum (64%) prevailed, cases of Pl.vivax were 32%, in one case (4%) Pl.ovale was found. Reference clinical and epidemiological features of imported malaria were acute onset of high fever, chills, headache, general weakness with the presence of the majority of patients with hepato-splenic syndrome, thrombocytopenia, in half the cases at a tropical malaria dyspeptic symptoms with increasing theirfrequencies in parallel of the disease severity were observed. For timely diagnosis, in addition to knowledge of the main clinical symptoms and disease complications, of paramount importance was the identification and registration of epidemiological history (stay in endemic area), knowledge of the disease phases, the duration of the incubation period for different kinds of invasions and timely screening for malaria patients with fever of unknown origin. Conclusion. Epidemiological and entomological studies confirm the presence in Krasnodar Territory of high malariogenic potential with the duration of the epidemic season, the possible transfer of the three-day malaria from May to October. Retention of the threat of imported malaria requires necessary level of knowledge among doctors in the diagnosis and prevention of malaria and ensuring effective health care facilities with antimalarial drugs.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2016;21(5):253-261
253-261
The analysis of imported cases of dengue fever in Saint-Petersburg
Abstract
Aim of work Analysis of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of dengue fever in St. Petersburg in 2012-2015. Materials and methods. There were analyzed medical records of 43 patients hospitalized with dengue fever in S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital. In all cases the diagnosis of dengue fever was confirmed by ELISA. Results. At the prehospital stage the correct diagnosis ofdengue fever was established only in 1/5 ofpatients (n = 9). Among other patients 39.5% were hospitalized with the diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection (n = 17), 9.3% (n = 4) - with pneumonia, 4.7% (n = 2) - with enterocolitis and the rest - with infectious mononucleosis, measles, rubella, sore throat, pseudotuberculosis and acute hepatitis. At admission the sound diagnosis of dengue fever was made only in quarter ofpatients (n = 11), in other 63% of cases there was made the diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection, gastroenterocolitis and rubella in 4-7%, and viral hepatitis in 2,3% of a cases. On the threshold of the disease 76.7% (n=33) patients visited Thailand and Vietnam, 11.6% (n=5) - India, 4.7% (n=2) - Cuba. The clinical picture of the diseases was characterized by follows signs: fever (39.1 ± 0,60C° for 6.4 ± 16 days), in some cases - two-wave fever was registered, oropharyngeal hyperemia was seen in 69.8%, myalgia and arthralgia in 41.9% of cases, small-spotted or mottled-papular rash was observed in half of the patients, 7% ofpatients had a hemorrhagic component of a rush. Polylymphoadenopathy was registered in 48.8%, hepatomegaly in 46.5% and splenomegaly in 18.6% of patients. Laboratory data showed leukopenia - in 67%, (3.5 ± 1,3•109/l), thrombocytopenia - in 70% (140 ± 58,3•109/l), increased ALT activity (72,2 ± 62,9 U/l; max - 247 U/l) and AST (73.3 ± 55.5 U/l; max - 225 U/l) in the half of the cases. Conclusion. The course of dengue fever on the territory of St. Petersburg in 2012 - 2015 was characterized by typical clinical and laboratory symptoms, but the lack of epidemiological alertfor imported infections becomes an obstacle for timely diagnosis of the disease and gives trouble to make the choice of the right tactics of treatment.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2016;21(5):262-267
262-267
Clinical and epidemiological Semiotics in the diagnosis of etiology of acute respiratory viral infections in adults
Abstract
For etiological diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infections the improvement of clinical semiotics and searchfor epidemiological consistent patterns are advantageous. Aim the establishment of consistent patterns of the clinical picture of etiologically AIRS decoded by PCR method and validities of epidemiological signs in the Primorsky Krai in the recent period. The material of the study were medical history cases on 276 patients admitted to the infectious department of Primorye Regional Clinical Hospital №2 in the city of Vladivostok in 2014 with a diagnosis of AIRS. Results. In the etiological structure of patients there was dominated influenza (48.2%). Hereafter there were: rhinovirus infection (13.0%), parainfluenza (11.2%), metapneumovirus infection (9,8,5%), adenovirus infection (8.0%). The minimum share was presented by bocavirus (HBoV)) infection (5.16%) and the respiratory syncytial virus, (HRSV) infection (4.7%). There were established the most sensitive and specific symptoms of considered infections. There were revealed features of the seasonality and the age structure of the patients, affecting on the efficiency of diagnosis.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2016;21(5):268-273
268-273
274-279
Experience of the implication of differential diagnosis in epidemiological diagnostics of infectious diseases
Abstract
In the work based both on epidemiological research and analysis of literature data, there are discussed methodological approaches to the assessment of riskfactors that could potentially influence on the development of the epidemic process. There are analyzed modern methods permitting to select the impact of main factors on the development of the epidemic process and the shaping of the certain epidemiological situation. There is emphasized the epidemiological importance of differential diagnosis in the implementation of such research.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2016;21(5):280-285
280-285
Immunological (serological) monitoring in the epidemiological surveillance system of natural - focal infections
Abstract
In this work there is shown the value of the immunological screening in the organization and implementation of the epidemiological surveillance of natural focal infections. The application of this method with regard to this group of infections, allows to detect the frequency and the level of so-called "pro-epidemising" of the population, also helps with the identification of the mild, subclinical, latent forms of disease not detected by the clinical method of the diagnosis. The obtained results clearly demonstrate extensive nosoareals of natural focal infections in the territory of the subject among the population with different levels of seropositivity, and thus indicate to the needfor the implementation of the immunological screening in the future as an relevant diagnostic tool in the formulation of the diagnosis in epidemiological surveillance system.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2016;21(5):286-289
286-289
Epidemiological situation on acute enteric infections in the Republic of Dagestan in 2011-2015
Abstract
There were studied epidemiological features of the prevalence rate of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the Republic of Dagestan (RD). The prevalence rate of acute intestinal infections in RD was shown to correspond taken as a whole, to Russian indices, however, the regional feature is the high prevalence rate of shigellosis, there is remained a high proportion of the AII of unidentified etiology. There was substantiated the necessity of development and implementation of targeted programmes aimed at the decline in the morbidity rate in problematic territories. The solution to the problem of the AII in the Republic is possible only under the coordination of efforts of federal and local authorities, sanitary - epidemiological and medical institutions.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2016;21(5):290-295
290-295