Vol 17, No 2 (2012)
- Year: 2012
- Articles: 13
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/1560-9529/issue/view/2414
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/EID.172
Articles
STANDARD EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CASE DEFINITION AND RISK FACTORS OF NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA TERM AND PRETERM INFANTS
Abstract
Based on the results of studying the frequency of clinical and laboratory symptoms single standard epidemiological estimate of pneumonia is designed to be possible to be used with respect to full term and preterm infants. Such estimate should include the presence of inflammatory reaction in the lung on chest radiograph and at least one of the symptoms such as apnea, wheezing, sputum. For term infants the leading risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia associated with neonatal departments at Children ’s Hospital, was established to be a long-term (over 5 days) mechanical ventilation. For preterm newborns the risk factor for pneumonia, in addition, may be a history of respiratory distress syndrome, pneumopathy, intrauterine growth retardation, amniotic fluid aspiration and asphyxia at birth.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):4-8
4-8
MYCOBACTERIOSIS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: EPIDEMIOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSIS
Abstract
Scientific and Clinical Antituberculosis Center, Department of Health Care of the city of Moscow, ul. Stromynka 10, Sokol'Niki, Moskva 107014. In 40 patients (with no clinically significant immunosuppression) according to the criteria of the American Thoracic Society, pulmonary mycobacterioses (MAC - 35%, M. kansasii - 25%, M. xenopi - 20%, M. fortuitum - 12,5% и M. chelonae - 7,5%) have been diagnosed. In 95% of patients acute clinical symptomatology with polymorphic radiographic findings has been noted. The constant and massive non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTMB) excretion was noted. With fluorescent microscopy acid-fast mycobacteria (AFM) were identified from sputum in 62.5% patients, in 22.5% of patients AFM were found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Cultural analysis of sputum processed by broth dilution method permitted to isolate NTMB in 65%, including in 50% - two times or more. In a solid medium sputum cultures with growth of NTMB were isolated in 45%, including 20% - two times or more. In 10.0% NTMB were isolated when plated on solid media operating material. M. fortuitum, M. chelonae and MAC are the most resistant to anti-TB drugs: M. fortuitum - to all major drugs series, M.chelonae - to all major drugs and a number of reserve drugs, including fluoroquinolones) and MAC (resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin in 92.9% of cases including, in combination with fluoroquinolones and kanamycin, or capreomycin - in 64.3%)
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):8-14
8-14
ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF INFECTION, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF PARENTERAL HEPATITIS B AND C, HIV INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS IN ADDICTED HOSPITAL
Abstract
The aim of this study - assessment of knowledge and awareness of drug addicts on the epidemiology, treatment and prevention of hepatitis B and C infections and AIDS in order to improve preventive measures. In total 64 patients were interviewed: 30 women and 34 men. The method of collecting material: questionnaires, interviews with the help of specially designed questionnaires. The method was based on questionnaire of a public survey conducted by specialists General Department of Federal Service for Execution of Punishment (GUFSIN) in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region, as well as the Biomedical Center of St. Petersburg in cooperation with Yale University, USA. The age distribution of respondents was uneven. The proportion of young people under the age of 25 years was the lowest - 10.9% of patients, cases aged 25-34 years - 46.8%, 35 years and older ones - 42.2. Such a distribution by age, in general, reflects the age structure of addiction incidence rate in Moscow. The results of the survey patients in the Narcological Clinical Hospital № 17 for the assessment of knowledge on the epidemiology, treatment and prevention of hepatitis B and C, HIV infection and AIDS have shown that they are aware of the epidemiology and treatment of these infections, while women were more knowledgeable than men. At the same time, the respondents showed little knowledge of these issues and little interest in treatment that most likely comes from misunderstanding of risk of these diseases. This ultimately leads to higher values of these patients (not interested in their health and the health of others and underestimating the risk of disease) as a potential sources of infection. When checking the knowledge about the transmission of hepatitis B, C and HIV viruses the highest awareness was observed in respect of HIV infection and AIDS, much less patients know about hepatitis C, and even less - about hepatitis B. Consequently, inadequate awareness (in all aspects of the problems) of the threat posed by the HIV epidemic, AIDS and hepatitis B and C, proves to be another of the many factors contributing to the high incidence of hepatitis and HIV infection among drug addicts. Thus, our results also suggest the importance of sanitation-educational work among the addicted patients and the need for the delivery accessible and fascinating instruction booklet highlighting the key issues of epidemiology, treatment and prevention HIV- infection, hepatitis B and C. Each patient should be provided with a such booklet. It is necessary to develop a test control, allowing to catch the interest and focus on critical issues of prevention and treatment of tuberculosis, HIV infection and parenteral hepatitis, if possible, from time to time to lecture.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):14-19
14-19
SOLUTION-ORIENTED APPROAСHES TO HIV TRANSMISSION FROM MOTHER ТО СНILD AND PRESERVATION OF FAMILY HEALTH DUE AССOUNT FOR MEDICAL-SOCIAL PERFORMANСE
Abstract
This article presents the data of analysis of medical and social characteristics of 629 mother-infant pairs with HIV infection examined in the Department of mothers and children of the St. Petersburg AIDS Center. The new direction "the family - HIV-infection" has been developed. This direction is based on the complex medical, social, and psychological monitoring of the family at the stage of planning, pregnancy, childbirth, and during all periods of childhood, to the timely prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection in women, their sexual partners and children, and also to improve the demographic situation in the metropolis. It allowed to increase the number of observed HIV infected families, reduce HIV transmission from mother to child, diminish the number of orphaned children, and also to cut maternal and infant mortality rate.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):20-25
20-25
FEATURES OF AUTOROSETTE FORMATION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION
Abstract
In 108 HIV-infected patients studied the phenomenon of endogenous autorosette formation in peripheral blood in the peripheral blood has been studied. The total number of autorosettes and autorosettes with exocytic lysis was established to be much greater than in healthy individuals. This, along with neutrophilic and monocytic autorosettes a large number of autorosettes formed by platelets has been observed. Under the influence of antiretroviral therapy the number of platelet autorosettes decreases, the number of neutrophils and monocyte-derived autorosettes rises, eosinophilic autorosettes appear. Such dynamics seems to reflect the features of intercellular relationships in the blood of patients with HIV infection/ that indicates significant disturbances in the immune system and can serve as an indicator of treatment efficacy.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):25-28
25-28
THE STUDY OF TOXICITY AND THE PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF IFN-A2B WITH ANTIOXIDANTS AND SPECIFIC ANTIVIRAL CHEMO DRUGS FOR HERPES VIRAL INFECTIONS "IN VITRO" AND "IN VIVO"
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV1) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are extremely widespread in the human population and can affect various organs and tissues. HSV1 and CMV infections are particularly dangerous for pregnant women and newborns. The main disadvantages of antiviral chemotherapeutic agents are their high toxicity, limited bioavailability and the development of drug resistance during the long-term tretatment. Currently the search for new drugs and new regimens which permit to avoid the adverse manifestations of toxic effects while maintenance of high antiviral efficacy is performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the of scheme of multimodal therapy of herpes virus infection with a new drug form (NDF) VIFERON®, a solution for local application in combination with specific antiviral chemo drugs "in vitro" and "in vivo". For the first time the use of NDF in a concentration of 20000 IU/ml was found to inhibit CMV infection by 83% in a therapeutic scheme “in vitro”. NDF has been shown to increase the specific antiviral activity of chemotherapy, allowing to significantly reduce the effective inhibitory concentration for Acyclovir - by 3 times, for Acyclovir - by 20 times. In “in vivo” experiments NDF has not demonstrated any toxic effect on the animal organism. 24 h after intraperitoneal infection of mice HSV1 the single administration of NDF protects 60% of the animals from lethal (20 LD5o) herpes virus infection. Combined use of ТДА and ACV therapeutic scheme “in vivo” allowed: a) reduce the dose of both drugs by 10 times (up to 2000 IU/ml and 5 mg/kg, respectively) compared with either single agent; and b) to achieve the therapeutic effect with the use of the short regimen - 3 days; c) to provide full protection (100%) animals from lethal HSV1-infection (20 LD50). The high protective effect of multimodal therapy of lethal herpes virus infection “in vivo” was provided due to the synergistic character of the interaction of drugs used.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):29-35
29-35
THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DETECTION OF RNA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITES
Abstract
593 patients with chronic viral hepatitis were tested for HGV-RNA and TTV DNA of. HGV-RNA detected in 3 times less than TTV DNA - in 13.6% and 46.64%, respectively. A comparative evaluation of clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with coinfection HCV/HGV and HCV monoinfection revealed significant differences in the average level of activity of ALT and the rate of increased ALT, which were higher in Hepatitis C patients with HGV RNA in the blood. There was no influence of HGV infection on other clinical and biochemical parameters and levels of fibrosis in groups of patients with HCV monoinfected and co-infection HCV/ HGV. The presence of HGV RNA in blood Hepatitis C patients did not affect the effectiveness of AVT. 30 patients with Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B with HGV RNA in blood were examined three times on the background of the AVT (before, during and after treatment). In 23 out of 30 patients (76.6%) a disappearance of HGV RNA in the blood took place during AVT, but after treatment in 17 patients (53.3%) HGV RNA replication is resumed, i. e. suppression of replication on the background of AVT was temporary. In individuals with HGV monoinfection (n 12) clinical symptoms were poor, in half of the patients in this group of young and middle age the increase in cholesterol levels was noticed, as well as the sonographic signs of fatty liver.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):35-40
35-40
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE PREVALENCE OF VIRAL HEPATITIS B AND C IN THE STAFF AND INPATIENTS IN HOSPITALS OF ST. PETERSBURG
Abstract
The article presents data on the prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in 6 St. Petersburg multidisciplinary hospitals in 2005 -2010 on the results of laboratory tests for the same period, taking into account an annual sample of 185,211 people. The most intense epidemic process of hepatitis И was found in staff and inpatients of hemodialysis units. Among the staff and the surgical inpatients the incidence of viral hepatitis B and C was 7 times smaller than that in inpatients and staff of hemodialysis units. In therapeutic departments the rate of viral hepatitis was 2-4 times lower. The high level of HBsAg and other markers of hepatitis B and anti-HCV has been detected in inpatients in gastroenterological departments, extremely rare - in the staff.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):41-45
41-45
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COURSE OF HCV INFECTION IN CHILDREN
Abstract
The paper presents the results of the analysis of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data, evaluation the effectiveness of etiologic and pathogenetic therapy in children with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Among the observed children the prevalence of a vertical transmission of the hepatitis C virus has been shown. The experimental data of the study of the pathogenesis published by domestic and foreign researchers in comparison with the results of the conducted analysis are presented. The highest probability of replicative mechanism in the pathogenesis of CHC in children has been shown, as well as an indirect role of allergic factors in the etiopathogenesis of CHC.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):46-50
46-50
CURRENT APPROACHES IN THE TREATMENT OF DYSENTERY IN CHILDREN
Abstract
The paper presents the results of studying the efficacy of immunocorrection drugs: a complex immunoglobulin preparation (CIP), kipferon and licopid in children with Flexner 2a dysentery. Analysis of the dynamics of the disappearance of symptoms of infectious toxicosis showed that after additional inclusion in complex starting therapy such immunomodulators as CIP, kipferon and licopid symptoms of toxicity disappeared faster than under alone basic therapy.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):50-55
50-55
ROTAVIRAL INFECTION IN CHILDREN
Abstract
This literature review presents recent data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of the manifestations of rotavirus infection in children, needed to focus the attention of directors and practitioners on this issue, initiate the development of new approaches to diagnosis, therapy, prevention, clarify the pathogenesis of the disease.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):56-59
56-59
THE STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME NEW AZO DERIVATIVES OF PYRIDOXINE AND THEIR ZINC COMPLEXES
Abstract
For the first time with the use of conventional techniques the overall toxicity and the antimicrobial activity of some new substances - pyridoxine azo derivatives (mercurions), obtained an international registration (CAS, USA) and their zinc-complexes have been studied. St. aureus, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candia albicans were used as a test cultures. The investigated compounds were established to have low toxicity (LD 50 failed to detect, with a maximum dose of introduced animals as 0.01 g ≈ 20 g), and some of them were shown to have pronounced antimicrobial activity. In contrast to free mercurions their zinc complexes show activity against strains of some microorganisms (St. aureus, Candida albicans), as well as similar antimicrobial activity in the lower (2-4 fold) concentrations.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):60-62
60-62
YaGOVKIN EDUARD ALEKSANDROVICh (k 70-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya)
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012;17(2):63-63
63-63