Discrete Topology of a Critical State of Inert Gases

Abstract

The results of topological characteristics for the cases of a critical state of inert gases and a two-stage condensation of low-temperature helium are obtained. The unsatisfiability of Trouton’s rule is proven for the critical state of helium. The results of calculations of the velocity of light propagation in vacuum and the formulas for calculating the largest and smallest sizes of nano- and microparticles of a substance, at which their extraordinary properties are manifested compared to a bulk body, are reported.