No 3 (2025)

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BIOCHEMISTRY

Biochemical and molecular-genetic growth indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walb.) in the conditions of the southern region of the Russian Federation in a long-term study

Rodin M.A., Kuznetsova M.V., Krupnova M.Y., Kuritsyn A.E., Nemova N.N.

Abstract

The expression of genes encoding transcriptional myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) in muscles, and the activity of enzymes involved in energy and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver and muscles of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walb., grown under 24-hour lighting and fed at night in aquaculture conditions in one of the southern regions of the Russian Federation for seven months, were studied. The results of the study showed that this regime, introduced into the standard technology of trout growing, had a beneficial effect on its condition and growth. By the end of the study, trout individuals grown under the experimental regime differed from the control variants in having higher expression levels of the MRF genes (myod1, myf5, mlc2, mstn1a) and increased activity of pyruvate kinase and cytochrome c oxidase in the liver. It can be assumed that the introduction of additional lighting and feeding at night into the technology of trout cultivation stimulates aerobic metabolism, promotes the intensification of muscle growth processes in trout individuals and, in general, has a positive effect on the fish organism condition.
Izvestiâ Akademii nauk. Rossijskaâ akademiâ nauk. Seriâ biologičeskaâ. 2025;(3):259-268
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ГЕНЕТИКА

Polymorphism of the cytochrome b polypeptide of the root vole Alexandromys oeconomus from the north-east Asia and Alaska

Pereverzeva V.V., Dokuchaev N.E., Primak A.A., Dubinin E.A.

Abstract

Amino acid sequence polymorphism of cytochrome b enzyme isoforms in 16 samples of Alexandromys oeconomus from the North-East Asia and one sample from Alaska was studied. Forty-three variants of the polypeptide differing among themselves by 33 amino acid substitutions in 30 sites were detected. The distribution of polypeptide isoforms in the samples was determined. The phylogenetic relationships of haplotypes encoding the most common variants of the enzyme were examined. Molecular diversity indices of synonymous haplotypes were determined. Localisation of amino acid substitutions in the spatial configuration of the enzyme was found. The substitutions (nucleotide – T997C and amino acid – F333L), claiming to be genetic markers of the Beringian haplogroup of A. oeconomus, were discovered.
Izvestiâ Akademii nauk. Rossijskaâ akademiâ nauk. Seriâ biologičeskaâ. 2025;(3):269-282
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BOTANY

Water Bodies of Central Yakutia as Habitats of Rare and Protected Aquatic Plants Under the Cryolithozone Conditions

Chemeris E.V., Vinogradova Y.S., Konotop N.K., Filippova V.A., Bobrov A.A.

Abstract

For Central Yakutia the data on the distribution and ecology of rare aquatic species, such as Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton maackianus, P. rutilus and protected species, such as Nuphar pumila and Nymphaea tetragona, are summarized. Most occurrences of these species have been found in water-erosion lakes of the valley complex of the Lena, Aldan, and Amga rivers. The combination of microclimate of large river valleys, the presence of taliks, and the hydrological and hydrochemical factors together ensure successful survival of diasporas of these rare species under the conditions of Central Yakutia. All water bodies belong to small lakes, and are situated in river valleys and are at the stage of maturity (old age). Their waters are neutral or slightly alkaline with low mineralization. The ranges of the main ecological parameters of habitats for each species are given. We recommend including Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton maackianus, and P. rutilus in the regional Red Data Book with the status 3d (rare species situated on the edge of their range).
Izvestiâ Akademii nauk. Rossijskaâ akademiâ nauk. Seriâ biologičeskaâ. 2025;(3):283-292
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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Bacillus subtilis 26d increases resistance to oil pollution of Bromopsis inermis plants

Kuramshina Z.M., Sattarova L.R., Yamaleeva A.A., Maksimov I.V.

Abstract

The effect of treating Bromopsis inermis (Leyss) seeds with bacteria of the Bacillus subtilis 26D strain and the oil-tolerant B. subtilis 26D+n line on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants under conditions of oil pollution of the soil was studied. It was shown that the B. subtilis 26D+n line, under conditions of cultivation of awnless brome plants on oil-contaminated soils, effectively stimulated growth, reducing the development of oxidative stress in tissues, in comparison with the control and plants inoculated with the original strain of B. subtilis 26D. Inducing tolerance to oil pollution of soil in plants using endophytic strains B. subtilis 26D+n may be due to their complex biological activity and adaptation to oil components.
Izvestiâ Akademii nauk. Rossijskaâ akademiâ nauk. Seriâ biologičeskaâ. 2025;(3):293-301
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Hormonal status of stolons and formed tubers during the vegetation of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Puzina T.I., Makeeva I.Y., Kirillova I.G.

Abstract

The content of four groups of phytohormones – auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid – was studied by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay and gibberellins by the method of biotesting in stolons and forming tubers during the vegetation period of Solanum tuberosum grown in soil culture under vegetation conditions. The prevalence of gibberellins was revealed during the period of stolon growth. At the beginning of tuber formation initiation, ABA increases, which can contribute to the cessation of stolon growth, but the content of IAA and zeatin remains high. Stolons of large tubers contained more GA3, IAA, but less ABA, had a greater number of vessels in the vascular bundle. The prevalence of auxins and a decrease in the ABA content in large tubers compared to small ones were established. An increase in the mass of large tubers in a bush, as well as the thickness of their phellem (cork), the diameter of the cells of the perimedullary zone and the size of the cells of the cortex, compared to small tubers, was shown against the background of a higher IAA/ABA ratio.

Izvestiâ Akademii nauk. Rossijskaâ akademiâ nauk. Seriâ biologičeskaâ. 2025;(3):302-308
pages 302-308 views
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ZOOLOGY

Variation and Inheritance of an Atypical form of the Anterior Lobe of the M1 of Lemmus trimucronatus chrysogaster (Rodentia, Arvicolinae)

Cheprakov M.I.

Abstract

Using material from laboratory colonies, it was established that the variability of deviations from the typical shape (tf) of the anterior lobe M1 in lemmings of the genus Lemmus forms a bilateral morphological module, designated as atypical shape (AF). Three morphotypes of AF have been identified, differing in degree of complexity. The main component of modular variability is an increase in the frequency of individuals with the AF phenotype and the degree of expressiveness of this phenotype with age. Segregation in the offspring into AF and tf individuals in various crossing options does not contradict the hypothesis of monogenic inheritance of these variations. Individuals with the tf phenotype are recessive homozygotes. Sometimes among them there may be undetected heterozygotes. Which phenotype (tf or AF) a heterozygote exhibits may depend on the litter number and (or) on the influence of modifier genes. Dominant homozygotes are considered nonviable.

Izvestiâ Akademii nauk. Rossijskaâ akademiâ nauk. Seriâ biologičeskaâ. 2025;(3):309-316
pages 309-316 views
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ECOLOGY

Winter zooplankton of the Greenland and Barents Seas: A comparison of assemblages and assessment of environmental impact

Dvoretsky V.G., Dvoretsky A.G.

Abstract

Composition, diversity and distribution of zooplankton were studied in Fram Strait and in the southern Barents Sea during the winter period. Multivariate analysis revealed a clear separation of the sampling stations based on oceanographic, bathymetric, and food conditions. Two types of zooplankton assemblages were delineated and these corresponded to the two study regions. Copepods dominated by abundance and biomass. Generalized linear models showed a close relationship of the abundance of common zooplankton groups and diversity indices with mean water temperature, salinity, depth, and chlorophyll a concentration. An increase in the proportion of boreal species and in the total biomass suggested Atlantification of marine Arctic zooplankton communities as well as positive impact of warming on the zooplankton development.
Izvestiâ Akademii nauk. Rossijskaâ akademiâ nauk. Seriâ biologičeskaâ. 2025;(3):317-327
pages 317-327 views
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Content and Distribution of Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, 137Cs and 90Sr in Sod-podzolic Soils and Plants of Agrocenoses

Utkin A.A., Noda I.B.

Abstract

The paper presents the results of monitoring of sandy loam and loamy sod-podzolic soils of reference agricultural areas of Ivanovo region, conducted in 2012 and 2022 to establish the level of soil fertility by agrochemical indicators, ecotoxicological state by gross arsenic content and mobile forms of cadmium and lead, specific activity of 137Cs and 90Sr. According to the density of contamination of arable soil horizon with 137Cs and 90Sr the level of ecological situation was determined, which allowed to refer all sites to uncontaminated territories. Background gross and mobile concentrations of metals and radionuclides in soils did not exceed permissible levels. Correlation analysis determined the influence of some agrochemical properties of soils on the content and distribution of metals and radionuclides in soil. All grown plant products fully met veterinary standards and hygienic requirements for limiting the content of cadmium, lead, arsenic, 137Cs and 90Sr in plant fodder (green mass, straw and forage grain) and food products (grain). The calculated linear correlation coefficients between the content of metals and specific activities of 137Cs and 90Sr in soils and plants revealed the strength of conjugation and the nature of dependencies. The coefficients of accumulation of metals and radionuclides by plant products of crops were calculated and their comparative analysis was carried out.

Izvestiâ Akademii nauk. Rossijskaâ akademiâ nauk. Seriâ biologičeskaâ. 2025;(3):328-341
pages 328-341 views
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STUDY OF THE ECOLOGY OF THE EURASIAN PYGMY SHREW (SOREX MINUTUS L.) IN THE EUROPEAN PART OF THE RANGE. NOTE II. THE DAILY ACTIVITY. REPRODACTION, ITS MOTION AND INTENSITY

Ivanter E.V.

Abstract

It was established, that the eurasian pygmy shrew has a shorter reproductive period than other species of shrews. The reproductive period of the Sorex minutus, starting in from mid-May until end of September, and characterized by the participation of all adults and overwintered individuals in the reproduction of the variety between 2 to 11 embryons, average of 6.0 ± 0.21 (n = 53). This amount of embryons obtained is noticeably lower than that of the other specias of shrews, but higher than same species in other parts of its range.
Izvestiâ Akademii nauk. Rossijskaâ akademiâ nauk. Seriâ biologičeskaâ. 2025;(3):342-350
pages 342-350 views
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Geofagia of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus valentinae, Flerov, 1933) in Yakutia

Argunov A.V., Stepanova V.V., Tirsky D.I.

Abstract

The paper presents the results of the study of solonetisation features of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus valentinae) using camera traps on two natural solonets in Southern and Central Yakutia in 2015–2018. In Southern Yakutia, the highest number of visits to solonets was recorded in autumn in September–October and occurred mostly in the morning and afternoon, while in Central Yakutia, solonetzation activity was higher in June closer to evening and at dawn. The average number of visits per day by animals was 2.3 in Southern Yakutia and 1.4 in Central Yakutia. The duration of soloncellation of wild reindeer in Southern Yakutia averaged 4.7 ± 1.0 min, in Central Yakutia – 3.1 ± 0.4 min. In the snowy season reindeer licking ice formed on solonchas, as well as gnawing on exposed areas of coastal soil and ice on alas lakes were observed. The sex and age structure of wild reindeer visiting natural solonets was as follows: males – 25.6%, females – 74.4%, calves – 17.3%. In Southern Yakutia, females with calves accounted for 20.0% of all visits, in Central Yakutia – 13.6%.
Izvestiâ Akademii nauk. Rossijskaâ akademiâ nauk. Seriâ biologičeskaâ. 2025;(3):351-360
pages 351-360 views
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