Toxic Pneumosclerosis as a Consequence of Chronic Plutonium Exposure
- Authors: Metlyaeva N.A.1, Bushmanov A.Y.1, Galstyan I.A.1, Shcherbatykh O.V.1, Konchalovsky M.V.1, Torubarov F.S.1, Korenykov V.V.1
-
Affiliations:
- A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center
- Issue: Vol 68, No 1 (2023)
- Pages: 41-47
- Section: Radiation Medicine
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/1024-6177/article/view/363808
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-1-41-47
- ID: 363808
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Purpose: To assess toxic pneumosclerosis caused by inhalation intake of plutonium aerosols in a patient who worked in contact with plutonium at the Mayak Production Association from 1948–1954.
Material and methods: Patient Sh., born in 1924, higher education, at the age of 24, began working as a chemical engineer at MPO Mayak from 1948 to 1954 under conditions of increased occupational hazard of ionizing radiation (exposure to gamma rays and ingestion of plutonium aerosols). During her work, she received 389, 624 R: (1950 ‒ 83, 57; 1951 ‒ 187, 29; 1952 ‒ 70, 24; 1953 ‒ 48, 14). Carrying plutonium.
Results: А clinical description of toxic pneumosclerosis of a severe degree of a progressive course, caused by the intake of mainly transportable plutonium aerosols against the background of a combined effect of external relatively uniform gamma radiation, is given. The carriage of plutonium and its removal from the body were established and confirmed. For diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, the patient underwent pentacin inhalations in 2 stages for 3 days. The excretion of plutonium-239 in the urine increased to a maximum of 940 units / min ‒ 1150 units / min (06.04.1957‒06.06.1957) and 464 units / min (06.14.1957), in feces ‒ 308 units / min ‒ 252 units / min (06.07.1957‒ 06.11.1957) and 236 units / min (18.06.1957). The assessment of the amount and alpha activity of the received in the lungs, liver, bones, and other organs was carried out according to the biophysical study of the organs of the corpse of the patient Sh.
Conclusion: The clinical picture of the patient was determined by toxic plutonium pneumosclerosis of a severe degree of progressive course as a consequence of chronic exposure to plutonium. Hypoxia (hypoxemic and tissue). Pulmonary heart. Focal pneumonia. Upex lungs. Violation of the vasomotor and respiratory centers. Moderate oppression of hematopoiesis and asthenic syndrome as a consequence of chronic radiation sickness II degree. The disease progressed with damage to the main critical organs (lungs, liver, bones). The patient died from heart failure, which developed as a result of pneumosclerosis with symptoms of asphyxia.
About the authors
N. A. Metlyaeva
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center
Email: nmetlyaeva@fmbcfmba.ru
Moscow, Russia
A. Yu. Bushmanov
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center
Email: nmetlyaeva@fmbcfmba.ru
Moscow, Russia
I. A. Galstyan
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center
Email: nmetlyaeva@fmbcfmba.ru
Moscow, Russia
O. V. Shcherbatykh
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center
Email: nmetlyaeva@fmbcfmba.ru
Moscow, Russia
M. V. Konchalovsky
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center
Email: nmetlyaeva@fmbcfmba.ru
Moscow, Russia
F. S. Torubarov
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center
Email: nmetlyaeva@fmbcfmba.ru
Moscow, Russia
V. V. Korenykov
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center
Email: nmetlyaeva@fmbcfmba.ru
Moscow, Russia
References
- Baysogolov G.D. Klinicheskaya Kartina Khronicheskoy Luchevoy Bolezni v Razlichnyye Periody yeye Techeniya = Clinical Picture of Chronic Radiation Sickness in Various Periods of its Course. Moscow Publ., 1961 (In Russ.).
- Volkova L.G. Byulleten Radiacionnoy Mediciny. 1961;2a:82 (In Russ.).
- Vyalova N.A., Mironova G.V., Sokolova I.I. Byulleten Radiacionnoy Mediciny. 1959;3a:49 (In Russ.).
- Guskova A.K., Baysogolov G.D., et al. K Voprosu o Klinike i Lechenii Ostrykh i Khronicheskikh Luchevykh Porazheniy = To the Question of the Clinic and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Radiation Injuries. Moscow Publ., 1956 (In Russ.).
- Kireyev P.M., Rynkova N.N. Bulletin of Radiation Medicine 1962;3:13 (In Russ.).
- Mironova G.V. Bulletin of Radiation Medicine 1959;3a:53 (In Russ.).
- Sokolova I.I., Vyalova N.A., Shirenina M.P. Bulletin of Radiation Medicine. 1963;3a:21 (In Russ.).
- Volkova L.G., Malysheva M.S. Bulletin of Radiation Medicine 1965;1:3 (In Russ.).
- Rusakov A.V. Patologicheskaya Anatomiya Bolezney Kostnoy Sistemy = Pathological Anatomy of Diseases of the Skeletal System. Guide to Pathological Anatomy. T.5. Ed. Vinogradova T.P. Moscow, Medgiz Publ., 1959 (In Russ.).
- Moskalev Yu.I., Buldakov A.A. Byulleten Eksperimentalnoy Biologii i Meditsiny = Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1961;52;11:57 (In Russ.).
- Moskalev YuI. Meditsinskaya Radiologiya. 1968;13;7:59 (In Russ.).
- Aub J., Evans R., et al. Medicine. 1952;32;3:221.
- Golutvina M.M., Sadikova N.M. Kontrol za Soderzhaniyem Radioaktivnykh Veshchestv v Organizme Cheloveka = Monito-ring the Content of Radioactive Substances in the Human Body. Moscow, Atomizdat Publ., 1979 (In Russ.).
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Incorporated Radionuclides. V.15. Vienna, IAEA, 1976. P. 139-161.
- Biologicheskoye Deystviye Vneshnikh i Vnutrennikh Istochnikov Radiatsii = Biological Action of External and Internal Sources of Radiation. Ed. Moskalev Yu.I., Kalistratova V.S. Moscow, Atomizdat Publ., 1972. 355 p. (In Russ.).
- Buldakov L.A., Lyubchanskiy E.R., Moskaleva Yu.I., Nifatov A.P. Problemy Toksikologii Plutoniya = Problems of Plutonium Toxicology. Moscow, Atomizdat Publ., 1969. 367 p. (In Russ.).
- Metabolism of Plutonium and Other Actinides. Pub. 48 ICRP. Moscow, Energoatomizdat Publ., 1993. 161 p.
- Otdalennyye Posledstviya Luchevykh Porazheniy = Long-Term Effects of Radiation Injuries. Ed. Moskalev Yu.I. Moscow, Atomizdat Publ., 1971. 524 p. (In Russ.).
- Plutoniy-239, Raspredeleniye, Biologicheskoye Deystviye, Uskoreniye Vyvedeniya = Plutonium-239, Distribution, Biological Effect, Elimination Acceleration. Ed. Lebedinskiy A.V., Moskalev Yu.I. Moscow, Meditcine Publ., 1962. 168 p. (In Russ.).
- Langham W. Physiology and Toxicology of Pu-239 and it’s Industrial Medical Control. Health Physics.1959;2;2:172-185.
- Radiation Safety Standards NRB-76/87. Moscow, Energoatomizdat Publ., 1988. 160 p. (In Russ.).
- Koshurnikova N., Komleva N., Bajsogolov G., et al. The Esposure Effect of “Majak” Personal. Scientific Information Bull. Jadernogo Obschestva. 1992;4:18-21.
- Tokarskaya Z.B., Okladnikova N.D., Belyayeva Z.D. Evaluation of the Contribution of Radiation and Non-Radiation Factors to the Development of Lung Cancer in Radiochemical Production Workers. Voprosy Onkologii = Problems in Onco-logy.1994;4-5-6:165-170 (In Russ.).
Supplementary files
