Том 95, № 1 (2025)

In the article, prepared as part of the reports at the X All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Innovative directions and methods of research in the field of genetics, biotechnology, breeding, seed production, reproduction and protection of agricultural, horticultural and forest woody plants” and “Modern trends in science, innovative technologies in viticulture and winemaking”, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the scientific support of crop production in Crimea, its successes and achievements over 10 years in the system of the Russian Academy of Sciences is considered. The main efforts of scientists of the FSFIS “Research Institute of Agriculture of the Crimea”, FSFIS “The Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – The National Scientific Center of the RAS”, FSFIS “All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «“Magarach” of the RAS» are aimed at studying cultivars of the South of Russia in order to conduct a large-scale variety exchange for major agricultural crops, obtaining productive plant cultivars based on the latest genetic technologies, creating medicinal substances from raw materials of essential oil plants, the development of biological methods of plant protection, new environmentally friendly resource-saving technologies for growing seed crops (apple, pear) and stone crops (cherry, peach) on vegetatively propagated rootstocks based on up-to-date requirements for the conditions of efficient use of resources, productivity, marketability of fruits and zonal specificity, to study autochthonous grape cultivars of Russia, which are becoming increasingly valuable as real resources of the region and as raw materials for wines with individual characteristics reflecting their special terroir.

Over the past 10 years, the acreage of winter rye in Russia has decreased threefold and in 2024 amounted to 669 thousand hectares. The main reasons for the current situation are the unequal pricing policy for rye and wheat grain, as well as the insufficiently developed sphere of its processing. Winter rye has been and remains an indispensable grain crop in agricultural production, food, feed and other industries. No grain crop can compare with it in terms of adaptability, winter hardiness, tolerance to infertile soils with high acidity. The rich vitamin and mineral complex and high fiber content make rye an ideal raw material for the production of healthy food products that provide the human body with energy, protect against premature aging and are a preventive measure against many serious diseases. Restoring the position of winter rye in the agricultural sector is impossible without combining the efforts of the breeding and seed sector, production, processing industry and strong government support.

The uncertainty that represents the current state of the economy determines the necessity to activate the search for non-traditional factors of socio-economic development. These factors should generally reflect the joint influence of intra-economic, cultural and mental processes, consider historical and geographical prerequisites of socio-economic evolution. The “spirit of the time” and the “genius of the place” (lat. – “genius loci”) are considered to be the basic factors of this kind in the paper. The first factor is the quintessence of ideas, views, mental models that are specific to a certain period of time and that spread throughout the entire space of the studied system. The second factor is a set of traditions, institutions, assessments that exist among economic and social agents on a certain territory. The first one is generally innovative, the second one is conservative. The processes of emergence and expansion of the spirit of the time and the formation and consolidation of the genius of the place have been analyzed. The influence of these factors on the behavior of economic agents and the nature of society have been studied. The possibilities and the levers of managing these factors in the interests of society have been determined. The role of these factors in shaping the flow of events significant in the mental socio-economic environment has been shown. Further development of this direction is the development of the methods for the detailed analysis, forecasting and system modeling of these factors (DVGM analysis) as one of the promising approaches to the integration of spatio-temporal, historical-geographical and socio-economic analysis.

Selecting the most relevant platform for monitoring the Russian publication array against the global background, including the analysis of publication flows in various scientific categories, is a pressing task. The objects of the study were the Russian and global publication arrays in the OpenAlex and The Lens databases in comparison with the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) for the period 2014–2023, with a special emphasis on the period 2019–2023. It was found that OpenAlex has a number of advantages over The Lens, since Russian publications are significantly underrepresented in The Lens. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the shares of Russian publications by subject categories in OpenAlex and The Lens against the background of WoS CC showed that during 2019–2023, the gap between the shares of Russian publications in the global array in these resources relative to WoS CC for most intersecting subject categories narrowed. The data on the share distribution of Russian publications in 2021–2023 in OpenAlex correlate with the indicators in WoS CC, which gives hope for high relevance of search results using OpenAlex.

The article, prepared on the basis of a report at a meeting of the Bureau of the Section of Clinical Medicine of the Department of Medical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences on March 26, 2024, is devoted to the contribution of Russian scientists to achieving the UN global Sustainable Development Goals, eliminating tuberculosis in Russia and strengthening our country’s technological sovereignty in the field of phthisiopulmonology and infectious diseases. Currently, domestic specialists are developing new vaccines, immunological tests for people with immunosuppression, test systems for differential diagnosis of active and latent tuberculosis infection, rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis directly at the patient’s bedside, determination of drug sensitivity of the pathogen to a full set of modern anti-tuberculosis drugs. NMIC of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation is at the forefront of innovative research in the field of phthisiology and socially significant infections. All innovative developments are aimed at improving the effectiveness of treatment of tuberculosis patients and reducing the reservoir of tuberculosis infection in society.

V.I. Vernadsky’s short article “Autotrophy of humanity”, published 100 years ago in one of the Sorbonne journals, identifies a number of problems that are currently relevant and attract the attention of the world scientific community. Already at the beginning of the twentieth century. Vernadsky proved the existence of socio-natural contradictions within the framework of the planetary system “man–society–biosphere” and proposed a mechanism that involves their elimination, taking into account modern and prognostic scientific, technical and socio-cultural trends. V.I. Vernadsky’s publication contains a forecast of an effective strategy for the development of civilization. It is in this context that the relationship between his noospheric ideas and the modern interpretation of the strategy of sustainable development of global society is seen.