Volume 59, Nº 6 (2016)

The national primary standard for hardness according to the Martens scales and indentation scales, GET 211-2014, has been created to ensure the uniformity of measurements of hardness in the area of instrumented indentation. Methods for measuring the hardness of materials widely used in the nano- and micro-ranges are discussed.

Results are reported from the first detection of perturbations of space-time, gravitational waves of cosmic origin. An alternative approach to estimating the energy losses through gravitational waves in a binary system of astrophysical objects is introduced. Possibilities for further study are examined.

Results are presented from a study of perturbations during measurements of the acceleration of gravity. The statistical characteristics of linear accelerations and angular oscillations on heavy and light aircraft, as well as on modern flexible dirigibles, are analyzed. The effect of the carrier’s movement on the final accuracy parameters of a gravimetric survey is estimated. The most important factor is found to be the quality of the autopilot installed on the aircraft.

The basic principle of morphological analysis of images and signals is formulated. The concept of shape, defined as an invariant of signal transformations that model changes in the detection conditions, is basic to the method. Parameters of the signal shape in the form of estimation sets are analyzed.

Current methods of monitoring the wear of a turning tool in the course of working are considered. The possibility of using the phase chronometer method of diagnostics for evaluation of the wear of a tool is investigated.

We present an analysis of the influence of laser scanner parameters on the accuracy of the surface relief model created by scanning an object surface.

Methods for determining the thermal properties of heterogeneous materials are analyzed. Hot wire, laser spark, calorimetric, monotonic heating, and steady-state techniques are compared and the designs of typical measurement cells for them are discussed.

A nonparametric estimate for the probability density is proposed with better approximation properties than the traditional Rosenblatt–Parzen statistics. The dependences of its properties on the form of the kernel function and on the formulas for the sampling interval for the random quantity are discussed.

This purpose of this work is the evaluation the low-temperature resonant tunneling method for measuring the concentration of fullerenes in organosilicon composites. The study showed that the low-temperature resonant tunneling method gives highly accurate results due to the prevalence of tunnel-emission-type conductivity in organosilicon polymers at low temperatures around 77–180 K. The Poole–Frenkel hopping conduction and the Fowler–Nordheim tunnel emission models were used for analysis.

We have determined for the first time in elementary functions an analytically exact period for the vibrations of a physical pendulum for large angles (up to 90°) of deviations from the vertical axis.

This work describes the use of the color gradation method for the determination of structural differences in the bulk of a traditional ceramic sample based on the contribution of the R, G, and B components of light and their distributions. The method is based on statistical analysis of R, G, B values corresponding to coordinates of the individual cells, and a reasonable selection of taxa with representative cells with specific characteristics. It is shown that in this case the main color component is red (R), which monitors the state of iron and the degree of completeness of phase transformations in the material during technological processes.

An automated high-accuracy calibration system and its information support have been developed for petroleum tanks of any geometrical shape and dimension. High measurement accuracy is implemented via the optimum selection of hybrid tests based on structural–algorithmic and test methods.

A quantum clock time scale synchronization algorithm is proposed. The algorithm excludes systematic synchronization error and minimizes random error. Relations are found for calculating the optimum number of measurements and minimum error.

We present different practical methods of correcting for humidity in the calibration and use of critical nozzles in air at atmospheric pressure.

This article describes several developed modifications to heat flux sensors. A common element in these devices is a specially designed thermopile sensor that acts as a thermoelectric converter of heat flow.

We propose a method and apparatus to determine the generalized parameters of multi-component two-port RLC circuits with a balancing signal in the measuring circuit. In this device, reference voltage sources are n differentiators of test voltage pulses which vary with time as a function of degree n.

We develop a new approach to the ambiguity problem in radio engineering measurements by applying the non-traditional mathematics of the theory of finite fields, using the constructive remainder theorem. We present examples of solving applied problems in determining motion parameters from signals of satellite navigation systems GPS/GLONASS.

Studies of human blood are carried out for numerous parameters. One of them is sodium concentration. In this article, ion chromatographic, spectrophotometric, titrimetric, and gravimetric procedures for determination of sodium concentration in plasma, serum, and whole blood are described. Brief data on these procedures and results of their comparative tests are presented.