Том 61, № 6 (2018)

GET 178–2016, the State Primary Special Standard of the units of the intensity of pulsed electric and magnetic fields with length of the pulse front in the range from 10 to 100 psec, is presented. The length of the front of reproducible pulses of the electric and magnetic field intensity is decreased down to 10 psec. Questions related to optimization of the parameters of the feeding assembly of the signal in the field-generating system are considered. The metrological characteristics of GET 178–2016 are investigated and the uncertainty in the reproduction of the units estimated.

The measurement problem of calibration of measuring instruments within the framework of the compositional approach and the moment approach to estimation of accuracy is considered. Using as an example the solution of the calibration problem it is shown that there exists a substantial divergence of the coverage interval between the confidence interval and the tolerance interval.

A fast algorithm for choosing the blurring coefficients of kernel functions for a nonparametric probability density estimate is proposed, and its properties are investigated. The technique of interval estimation of the standard deviation of the nonparametric statistics under consideration is considered.

Application of the theory of double decomposition (physical and canonical) and two-sided regularization (of the left and right sides of a system of linear equations) to the solution of one of the ill-posed inverse problems of space geodesy is considered. The problem is related to transformation of the coordinates of the ground points of local satellite geodetic networks to the state reference frame. A variant of the Helmert decomposed model along with an adaptive algorithm for regularization of the solution of an ill-posed inverse problem are proposed.

We propose a method for the numerical analysis of flat reflectors of electromagnetic waves with the minimum field of interferences. The reflectors are intended for the standard checking installations of radar range finders. The parameters of numerous reflectors with interference fields whose levels vary within the range –(18–33) dB are presented.

We present the results of experimental research of primary measuring transducers based on optical microresonators. We study the process of collective interaction of nanoparticles suspended in the liquid with the surfaces of adsorption sensors.

A model is presented for a digital subscriber line in the form of a Bernoulli–Gaussian communications channel that is indirectly described in the form of a likelihood function. An expression is presented for the accuracy of the standard estimate of the pulse characteristics based on traditional averaging. A lower bound is formalized for the dispersion of the estimate of the pulse characteristics of a communications channel, demonstrating the possibility of improving the accuracy of the effective estimate.

The conditions for the appearance of instability have been analyzed in solving typical problems of coordinate measurements of the geometric parameters of products. The connection is shown between unstable problems of coordinate measurements and ill-conditioned systems of linear equations, and also with the parameters of the geometric elements that show signs of degeneracy. Formulas have been derived for estimating measurement error of the parameters of a circle, coaxiality of cylinders, and parallelism of planes. It has been established that the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical ones.

A laser refraction method of measurement of the rate of evaporation of a liquid droplet on a horizontal substrate under the conditions of pinning of a contact line is developed. Experimental values of the contact wetting angle in the evaporation process are obtained with the use of refraction images of the droplet. The time dependence of the volume of an evaporated droplet is established based on these values.

Results of studies of a contactless method of measuring surface tension are analyzed. The method is based on a determination of the degree of deformation of the surface of a test liquid subjected to the weak aerodynamic action of a gas jet. The method utilizes the property of a deformed surface to converge optical radiation. The result of a measurement by the method possesses low sensitivity to variations of the density and viscosity of the liquid.

Metrological problems that arise in the measurement of the temperature of physical objects performed by means of pyrometers, where the emissivity of the particular object differs from unity and may vary as a function of wavelength, are considered. Methods of correction of spectral (CT) ratio pyrometers are analyzed. A disturbance in the traceability of pyrometers provided with components for correction to the primary standard of the unit of temperature is identified. Recommendations for establishing traceability are given.

We provide a validated approach for microwave photonics as a means of developing high-speed noise-immune devices for measurement of strong pulsed electromagnetic fields. We develop a microwave photonic detector for measuring pulsed electric field strengths with a maximum transient-response rise time of 100 psec.

We perform the comparative analysis of two methods aimed at the determination of complex transfer coefficients of nonlinear elements in the heterodyne frequency conversion. On the basis of the analysis of the available methods, we consider the specific features of the design of devices aimed at measuring the parameters of the units with frequency conversion. We describe the main sources of errors, such as the error caused by the reciprocity of the reference mixer and the amplitude-phase error.

We propose a method for measuring the micrometer-range thicknesses of thin films with the use of acoustic waves. The method is based on the use of the nonlinear dependence of antisymmetric harmonic Lamb waves on the thickness of the tested material. The errors of measurements of the thickness of thin films are analyzed with the help of a contactless electromagnetoacoustic transducer of acoustic waves.

The design principles of measuring transducers are considered based on the representation of the human body as a system with time-variable parameters. A set of basic parametric measuring transducers (resistive, capacitive, inductive, thermally sensitive) for use in medical and biological research was comprised. Such transducers convert into electrical signals the medical and biological parameters characterizing the state of the human body. Recommendations were made regarding the systemic use of the listed transducers.