Том 59, № 3 (2016)

The operating principle and structure of the national primary standard for the unit of the harmonic distortion factor GET 188-2010 are discussed.

The development of the State Working Standard of the unit of average power of optical radiation for fiber-optic transmission systems and lasers functioning in the range 0.05–5 W in the spectral band 0.19–12 μm with expanded uncertainty not exceeding 0.985·10^–2 is evaluated. A technique of disseminating the unit at the 1 mW level directly from the State Primary Special Standard of the units of length and propagation time of the signal in an optical cable, and average power, attenuation and wavelength of optical radiation GET 170–2011 for fiber-optic communication and information transmission systems with the use of an independently calibrated mechanical attenuator is considered.

We present analysis results of factors influencing the systematic error in 3-D reconstruction of surface reliefs based on stereo images obtained using the scanning electron microscope S-4800. The typical size for the surface relief elements is less than 1 μm. The main sources of the error are found. It is shown that for typical samples the main factor influencing the systematic error of 3-D reconstruction is the parallax measurement error.

Results from the development of a standard system that implements a new method for measuring the pressure of vapors of saturated petroleum and petroleum products are presented. The characteristics of reference materials certified on the system are presented. The advantages of the system as compared to foreign analogs are evaluated, and the prospect for automation and approval of the system as a working standard is demonstrated.

A frequency technique for mass and strain measurements is proposed that uses resistance strain gauges inserted at control points of a test object and combined with external capacitors of a phasing RC circuit. Equations are derived for calculating the quasiresonance frequencies with an unrestricted number of resistance strain gauges.

A neural network approach for processing the output data from a spectrometer with diamond detectors on a spacecraft is discussed. A mathematical apparatus for obtaining differentiable data on fluxes of electrons, protons, and heavy charged particles in 21 energy bands is proposed.

Human blood is studied using many parameters, one of which is the sodium concentration. Flamephotometric and potentiometric methods suitable for determining sodium concentration in plasma, serum, and whole blood are considered. An overview of the indicated methods and results of comparison tests on the methods are presented.

We have used scanning electron microscopy to study erythrocyte morphology in patients with hematuria. We have developed a procedure for studying cells and nanoparticles without sputter deposition of conductive coatings. In IgA nephropathy and nephrotic syndrome, nanosized particles have been observed on the surface of the erythrocytes, as well as dysmorphic erythrocytes and crystals.

The problem of probabilistic prediction of residual operating life of measurement equipment with parametric failures is investigated. A general analytical solution of the problem with an arbitrary finite number of defining parameters is presented. The obtained solution is applied to a practical example.

A primary measuring inductive transducer of solenoid type is considered. The equation of its transformation function is derived using the Umov–Poynting theorem. We estimate the influence of the basic design parameters of the transducer on its metrological characteristics.

A dependence is experimentally obtained for the work efficiency of a double-state selection system based on the Majorana effect on current in transverse (to the direction of atomic flux) coils in the zone between sorting magnets. The operation of the double-state selection system is confirmed by the power curve of an H-maser, as well as using a double resonance method.

A technique of controlling the position of a spindle on resting gasostatic supports by means of vibro-acoustic emission is presented. A description of the test bench and measurement device is provided.

The errors in determining the thermal characteristics of materials with a finite duration laser pulse method are estimated. Handbook values of the characteristics of materials are compared with numerical solutions of the two-dimensional problem of heat conduction in a sample during exposure to a heat pulse of short duration under experimental conditions.

A formula is derived for calculating a parameter for the distribution of the magnetization along cylindrical rods made of materials with a high magnetic susceptibility over the entire range of variation of their relative lengths. The effect of the rod length on the relationship between the magnetization in its central cross section and the volume averaged magnetization and dipole moment is established.

Solutions for reducing the random error in spectral estimates of the parameters of harmonic signals are obtained on the basis of a study of the probability characteristics of frequency samples of the discrete Fourier transform.

A pulsed broadband device for measuring the velocity of surface acoustic waves intended for diagnostics of residual mechanical stresses in manufactured products is described. The output signal of the electromagneticacoustic receiver is produced by an inductor in the form of two closely spaced, straight, thin, parallel conductors. A method is proposed for measuring the time interval between two acoustic pulses.

Stand equipment for neutron plasma diagnostics is described. Certification results are presented for simulated reference fields for neutrons having energies of 2.5 and 14 MeV.

Methods are considered for measuring the parameters of ultrasonic contact lithotripters with waveguide ends executing low-amplitude longitudinal vibrations. A method is proposed for measuring vibration acceleration, vibration velocity, and the range of these vibrations using a hydrophone calibrated on a vibration test bench.

Results are presented of an experiment to determine losses in fuel with dissolved and emulsified moisture using an ultrahigh-frequency resonance system–a cylindrical cavity resonator. The electromagnetic field is analyzed using the finite-element method in the COMSOL Multiphysics system.