A means of destroying sites of perennial root shoot weeds with pests and diseases in them

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The subject of the study is the technological process of protective spraying of agricultural crops using a combined method against perennial weeds in sites in the field using two pneumohydraulic devices with slot atomizers as part of an improved small-sized boom sprayer.

AIM: Development of a technical mean for exterminating sites of perennial root shoot weeds with pests and diseases in them.

METHODS: The developed pneumohydraulic devices were used for an improved mounted boom sprayer of plants to treat sites of perennial weeds in the field. Chemical spraying with combined use of the traditional method and the developed pneumohydraulic devices with axial fans and 12 V electric motors, ensuring the distribution of droplet liquid on the treatment surface with two sprayers over 4 meters, is able to reduce the amount of the applied chemicals compared to the conventional technology and to reduce the pesticide load on crop plants by local destruction of sites of weeds, pests and diseases. Based on the developed methods, the results of spraying the surface with a drop liquid with a known dispersion using slot sprayers and controlled liquid pressures with a dial gauge during experiments were obtained.

SCIENTIFIC NOVELTY: For the first time, a combined method and technical mean of achieving the research aim have been proposed for the destruction of sites of perennial weeds in the field and the diseases and pests of agricultural crops spread in them.

RESULTS: When using a mounted sprayer with two containers for working fluids of combined herbicide solutions or for an insecticide solution in one of the containers and installation of the improved pneumohydraulic devices on the edges of the boom with a conventional arrangement of slot atomizers, it is possible to meet agrotechnical requirements for the use of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. The simultaneous impact of large drops of herbicides on weeds and the penetration of small drops into plants will destroy sites of rhizome and root weeds with pests and diseases to ensure favorable conditions for the production of agricultural crops.

CONCLUSION: A combined method and the technical mean of chemical treatment of perennial weeds with pests and diseases to create favorable conditions for the production of cultivated plants has been experimentally substantiated. Compliance with the conditions is ensured by equipping the mounted sprayer with two containers, pumps for supplying liquid through hoses to slot atomizers, and installing pneumohydraulic liquid nozzles at the edges of the boom. Working liquid sprayers ensure spraying width of more than 4 m, taking into account the size of a site, as well as spraying inaccessible areas using conventional technical means. The efficiency of the developed combined protective spraying of agricultural crops against perennial weeds and pests by the technical mean of its implementation lies in the savings of expensive herbicides and insecticides up to 70% in the later stages of their growing season (as they grow over the field area) compared to the forced continuous application of the herbicide over the entire field area.

About the authors

Ivan M. Kireev

Russian Research Institute of Information and Technical and Economic Studies on Engineering and Technical Provision of Agro-Industrial Complex

Email: kireev.i.m.47@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0723-4515
SPIN-code: 4348-1536

Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory for Test Equipment

Russian Federation, Pravdinsky, Moscow Region

Mikhail V. Danilov

Stavropol State Agrarian University

Email: danilomaster80@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8369-3329
SPIN-code: 5193-0379

Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Head of the Processes and Machines in Agribusiness Department

Russian Federation, Stavropol

Zinaida M. Koval

Russian Research Institute of Information and Technical and Economic Studies on Engineering and Technical Provision of Agro-Industrial Complex

Author for correspondence.
Email: zinakoval@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5214-2110
SPIN-code: 1378-2953

Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Chief Scientist of the Laboratory for Test Equipment

Russian Federation, Pravdinsky, Moscow Region

Vyacheslav O. Marchenko

Russian Research Institute of Information and Technical and Economic Studies on Engineering and Technical Provision of Agro-Industrial Complex

Email: gost302@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-2041-9628
SPIN-code: 9947-9853

Leading Engineer of the Standardization Laboratory

Russian Federation, Pravdinsky, Moscow Region

Filipp A. Zimin

Russian Research Institute of Information and Technical and Economic Studies on Engineering and Technical Provision of Agro-Industrial Complex

Email: dnevnoisvet@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6655-3976
SPIN-code: 4290-8248

Engineer of the Laboratory for Test Equipment

Russian Federation, Pravdinsky, Moscow Region

References

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Supplementary files

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1. JATS XML
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2. Fig. 1. A site of continuous thickets of ragweed: а — infestation of the field’s edge with ragweed; b — infestation of soybean crops with ragweed.

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3. Fig. 2. Main types weeds with lionfishs: а — general view of a grown cow parsnip; b — meadow parsnip; c — oat grass.

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4. Fig. 3. The site of the bindweed (weed plant) in corn crops.

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5. Fig. 4. Taproot and ibrous root weed species: а — general view of an adult plant of bitter wormwood; b — general view of common dandelion; c — horse sorrel; d — field scabious; e — wit-loof chicory; f — curly sorrel; g — lanceolate plantain; h — large plantain; i — acrid buttercup.

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6. Fig. 5. Diagram of a modernized small-sized sprayer: 1 — a 12V battery; 2 — a switch of a pump and pneumohydraulic devices; 3 — the pump of supply of a herbicide solution to the pneumohydraulic devices; 4 — a pressure adjuster with a pressure gauge in an assembly with the pneumohydraulic devices; 5 — a container with the herbicide solution for the pneumohydraulic devices; 6 — a container with the working solution for the conventional atomizers; 7 — a mounted sprayer; 8 — a pressure adjuster with a pressure gauge for the conventional atomizers; 9 — the pneumohydraulic devices; 10 — a sprayer boom with atomizers; 11 — the pump of supply of a working liquid to conventional atomizers at the boom.

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7. Fig. 6. The pneumohydraulic device for spraying liquid and transporting droplets to targets: 1 — an air feed pipe in the shape of a cone-type diffuser; 2 — an electrically-driven axial fan with voltage of 12 V and rotation velocity of 2600 RPM for generating the airflow at the outlet of a flat nozzle of the device and for transporting droplets of the liquid sprayed with the slot atomizers to the targets; 3 — a cutting plane; 4 — a cone-type air flow splitter; 5 — two slot atomizers of fluid with the spray angle of 100° located in a manner that the liquid droplets invade into the air flow from the cone-type nozzle, and the angle between nozzles’ axes is 80°; 6 — a flow gate.

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8. Fig. 7. General view of two pneumohydraulic devices as part of a small-sized boom sprayer: 1 — a small-sized boom sprayer [11]; 2 — a pneumohydraulic device.

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9. Fig. 8. General view of the laboratory setup for determining the spraying width of a droplet liquid using the pneumohydraulic device when studying a combined method of protective spraying of agricultural crops: 1 — 12 V voltage converter; 2 — 12 V pump for supplying liquid (water) from the container through hoses to slot sprayers; 3, 4 — connectors and switches.

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10. Fig. 9. General view of the pressure gauge as part of the electric motor for monitoring liquid flow through the slot nozzles.

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11. Fig. 10. Fragment of video recording of the operation of the device’s nozzles.

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12. Fig. 11. Characteristics of droplet sizes according to the catalogue data [12].

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13. Fig. 12. Fragment of the pneumohydraulic devices as part of a small-sized sprayer.

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14. Fig. 13. Fragment of measuring the spraying width of the sprayer with two pneumohydraulic nozzles.

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