Investigation of carbon-black emissions of a tractor biofuel diesel

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: On the one hand, a petroleum-based liquid fuel diesel engine is a reliable basis for tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines, and on the other hand, the current trends make us to think about the environmental component of these diesel engines and besides to remember about reasonable use of non-renewable petroleum motor fuel. In order to reduce the anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems and to assess the smokiness of exhaust gases from a tractor diesel running on ethanol and rapeseed oil, the paper considers the relevant model of the carbon-black formation inside it.

AIM: Development of the relevant model of carbon-black emission in a tractor diesel running on ethanol and rapeseed oil to assess the smokiness of exhaust gases and to reduce anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems.

METHODS: To simulate the processes of formation and burnout of carbon-black particles in a tractor diesel engine, the volume of the combustion chamber was conditionally divided into several areas (soot content indicators in different areas were added up), and the cycle of calculating the exhaust gas smokiness level included several stages (determination of pressure, integral and differential characteristics of heat dissipation, average temperature of the working fluid, fuel supply indicators and fuel evaporation rate, local coefficients of excess air, composition of gases, concentration of decomposition and oxidation products of rapeseed oil and ethanol, the number of carbon-black particles, the mass of dispersed carbon, the rate of transition of particles to the burnout zone).

RESULTS: The developed mathematical model is capable of calculating the carbon-black concentration and the main components of the gas mixture in the reaction zone of the combustion chamber, the content of carbon-black in the exhaust gases at various speed and load modes of operation of a tractor diesel engine. It is capable of obtaining valuable information about the dynamics of the main stages of carbon-black formation and burnout in the cylinder of a tractor diesel engine running on ethanol and rapeseed oil. The results of numerical simulation of carbon-black formation and burnout in a tractor diesel cylinder when running on diesel fuel, ethanol and rapeseed oil are obtained and presented.

CONCLUSION: Based on the developed relevant model of carbon-black emission in a tractor diesel engine running on ethanol and rapeseed oil, an assessment of its exhaust gas smokiness was carried out, clearly showing a decrease by 3.4–3.8 times in comparison with diesel fuel operation. The presented method for calculating the carbon-black emission of tractor diesel can be used in the multi-area modeling and researches of such in-cylinder processes as heat generation, heat transfer, etc. The accuracy of calculations based on the proposed model is characterized by the perfection of mathematical algorithms describing the rate of fuel evaporation, the development of a fuel flare, the determination of local temperatures, the rate of flame propagation, the local composition of gases in the cylinder, etc.

About the authors

Vitaly A. Likhanov

Vyatka State Agrotechnological University

Email: lihanov.va@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3033-7176
SPIN-code: 9474-7629

Professor, Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Head of the Heat Engines, Automobiles and Tractors Department

Russian Federation, 133 Oktyabrsky avenue, 610017 Kirov

Oleg P. Lopatin

Vyatka State Agrotechnological University

Author for correspondence.
Email: nirs_vsaa@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0806-6878
SPIN-code: 8716-0189

Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor of the Heat Engines, Automobiles and Tractors Department

Russian Federation, 133 Oktyabrsky avenue, 610017 Kirov

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Indicators of the combustion process of the 2Ch 10.5/12.0 tractor diesel engine at the nominal operating mode: a — indicator pressure; b — average temperature of gases in the cylinder; c — active heat dissipation; d — heat dissipation rate.

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3. Fig. 2. Characteristics of fuel evaporation and heat dissipation in the combustion chamber of the tractor diesel.

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4. Fig. 3. Temperature curves of the processes of carbon black formation and burnout.

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5. Fig. 4. Calculated indicators carbon-black content in the cylinder of the tractor diesel engine during operation: a — the number of carbon black particles, pcs.; b — the current average mass diameter of carbon black particles in the cylinder, nm; c — the mass concentration of carbon black in the cylinder, g/m3; d — the mass content of carbon black in the cylinder, mg.

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