卷 193, 编号 6 (2023)
Reviews of topical problems
Phenomenological aspects of supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model
摘要
The breakdown of gauge symmetry within Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) can result in supersymmetric (SUSY) extensions of the Standard Model (SM) at low energies, which allows the electroweak scale to be almost stabilized. The gauge coupling unification, Higgs sector, and restrictions on the sparticle spectrum are considered in the framework of several SUSY extensions of the SM. Possible manifestations of these SUSY models and existing experimental limits are also discussed.
Uspehi fizičeskih nauk. 2023;193(6):577-613
577-613
Thermodynamic, elastic, and electronic properties of substances with a chiral crystal structure: MnSi, FeSi, and CoSi
摘要
Transition metal silicides crystallizing in a B20 chiral structure whose space group $P2_{1}3$ does not contain an inversion center feature a number of remarkable properties that have been studied for many decades. We analyze investigations of MnSi, FeSi, and CoSi, the most studied materials of this class, which are a sequence of a magnetic metal, a semiconductor, and a semimetal. Each of these materials exhibits the influence of spatial symmetry on certain features of the electronic and phonon spectra, some of which have been discovered quite recently.
Uspehi fizičeskih nauk. 2023;193(6):614-624
614-624
Further research on the improvement of models and computer programs for the prediction and analysis of the physical properties of polymers
摘要
Investigations carried out in recent years on the development of models and computer programs for predicting and analyzing the physical properties of polymers are described. The method for constructing diagrams of compatibility of water permeability and the glass transition temperature, density, the thermal expansion coefficient, the cohesion energy, etc. is analyzed. Computer synthesis of network polymers and the possibility of predicting the thermal expansion coefficient of materials based on polyvinyl chloride and the elastic modulus of composites with a number of aromatic polymers are considered. The effect of a solvent (plasticizer) on strength and viscosity is analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to the use of self-oscillations excited during deformation of polymer films in actuators of nanomechanical devices. The calculation of the viscosity of dispersions of spherical nanoparticles with an adsorption polymer layer in a polymer melt and in a low-molecular liquid is carried out. The principles of predicting the coefficients of molecular packing of amorphous-crystalline polymers and their solvents are stated, and the influence of the chemical structure of heat-resistant thermoplastics on friction against steel is also estimated.
Uspehi fizičeskih nauk. 2023;193(6):625-668
625-668
Instruments and methods of investigation
Review of unfolding methods
摘要
Very high accuracy and sensitivity have become attainable by modern instruments for experimental measurements of physical quantities in various scientific fields. Yet it is still impossible to completely eliminate the influence of instrumental effects on the result. The measured values of a physical quantity inevitably differ, sometimes significantly, from the true ones. The question therefore arises of restoring the true distributions from the measured ones, taking the specific features of the experiment and the characteristics of scientific instruments into account. Different approaches are in use based on a mathematical model of the instrument and the formulation of the deconvolution problem. We describe this problem, key ideas and methods for its solution, and features and implementation details using the example of elementary particle physics and space physics experiments.
Uspehi fizičeskih nauk. 2023;193(6):669-685
669-685
Physics news on the Internet: June 2023 (based on electronic preprints)
Uspehi fizičeskih nauk. 2023;193(6):686-686
686-686
Personalia
In memory of Aleksandr Fedorovich Andreev
Uspehi fizičeskih nauk. 2023;193(6):687-688
687-688