Vol 193, No 1 (2023)
Reviews of topical problems
Migration processes in the Solar System and their role in the evolution of the Earth and planets
Abstract
We discuss problems of planetesimal migration in the emerging Solar System and exoplanetary systems. Protoplanetary disk evolution models and the formation of planets are considered. The formation of the Moon and of the asteroid and trans-Neptunian belts is studied. We show that Earth and Venus could acquire more than half of their mass in 5 million years, and their outer layers could accumulate the same material from different parts of the feeding zone of these planets. The migration of small bodies toward the terrestrial planets from various regions of the Solar System is simulated numerically. Based on these computations, we conclude that the mass of water delivered to the Earth by planetesimals, comets, and carbonaceous chondrite asteroids from beyond the ice line could be comparable to the mass of Earth's oceans. The processes of dust migration in the Solar System and sources of the zodiacal cloud are considered.
Uspehi fizičeskih nauk. 2023;193(1):2-32
2-32
Physics of severe plastic deformation
Abstract
The review describes a number of important recent studies in the field of physical fundamentals of severe plastic deformations (SPDs) in metals and alloys and their further systematization. Based on analyses of experimental data and theoretical approaches, we formulate for the first time three fundamental principles and seven characteristic features inherent in SPD processes. SPD physics is entirely based on the postulates of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. A solid under deformation is considered a mechanical dissipative system in which the total energy continuously decreases or dissipates, converting into other, nonmechanical, forms of energy. Within the framework of the proposed nonequilibrium evolutionary thermodynamics, it is possible to describe from a unified standpoint the evolution of the structure of defects for polycrystalline and amorphous metallic materials upon SPD. We note that the process of mechanical alloying of powders should not be completely identified with SPD processes.
Uspehi fizičeskih nauk. 2023;193(1):33-62
33-62
Quantum turbulence in superfluid helium
Abstract
Helium at pressures below 25 atm remains liquid at temperatures down to absolute zero, when the number of excitations in the medium and the concentration of the normal component become negligible. This makes it possible to use superfluid helium at low temperatures as a model medium to study the formation and decay of a turbulent system. Describing and modeling the behavior of vortices in superfluid helium at temperatures below 0.1 K, when the amount of the normal component becomes negligible, are greatly simplified due to the quantization of the flow of the superfluid component, and all hydrodynamic properties of helium associated with its rotational motion are determined by quantized vortices. The article reviews experimental methods for the excitation and detection of quantum turbulence presented in experimental studies in recent years, and discusses features of vortex generation by various methods and at different temperatures of the superfluid, the dynamics of change in the concentration of vortices during the generation and decay of the vortex system, and the difference between the behavior of quantized vortices under Kolmogorov turbulence and that under Vinen turbulence.
Uspehi fizičeskih nauk. 2023;193(1):63-95
63-95
Methodological notes
Plasmon-polariton at the interface of a uniaxial crystal and a metal: real dispersion equation and its analysis
Abstract
An analytical description of the plasmon polariton localized at the arbitrarily oriented interface of a uniaxial crystal and an isotropic metal is discussed. A compact real form of the general dispersion equation determining the basic wave properties is obtained. The solutions of this equation are analyzed for the particular orientations of the sagittal plane and interface. An approximate solution of the dispersion equation is developed on the basis of the iteration method, which has proved to be effective even for the general case of an arbitrary interface orientation. General relations of the theory are specified for a series of crystals.
Uspehi fizičeskih nauk. 2023;193(1):96-109
96-109
Physics news on the Internet (based on electronic preprints)
Uspehi fizičeskih nauk. 2023;193(1):110-110
110-110
Personalia
Yurii Yur'evich Balega (on his 70th birthday)
Uspehi fizičeskih nauk. 2023;193(1):111-112
111-112