Phase Equilibria in Water-Salt Systems Consisting of Potassium, Sodium, and Ammonium Carbonates and Anti-Icing Properties of Carbonate Compositions

Abstract

Phase equilibria in K₂CO₃–H₂O, Na₂CO₃–H₂O, K₂CO₃–Na₂CO₃–H₂O, K₂CO₃–(NH₄)₂CO₃–H₂O systems under temperatures ranging from 0 down to −36°C are investigated. The carbonate compositions forming low-temperature eutectics are revealed. Their melting ability with respect to ice under temperatures −5 and −10°C is determined. It was found that potassium carbonate is characterized by sufficient anti-icing properties. Potassium carbonate composition activity is determined with respect to metals. Efficient corrosion inhibiters are selected. It was found that potassium carbonate is aggressive with respect to cement concrete. Special protection is necessary, if potassium carbonate is used on cement concrete coatings.