Influence of Extreme Environmental Factors on the Dynamics of Abundance of the Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha

Resumo

The correlation between the number of returned fish and the spawners of the parent generation recorded in the rivers (the reproduction index) has been analyzed in a series of generations of the five largest stocks of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha in the Sakhalin-Kuril region. The hypothesis that the appearance of low-yielding generations of pink salmon was mainly due to the impact of typhoons as extreme environmental factors has been confirmed. Low values of the reproduction index of pink salmon generations that have been exposed to typhoons during embryonic development in the rivers (redds) or during the feeding period of juveniles in the coastal region of the sea (the next few days after downstream migration) allow for a conclusion on their significant importance for the formation of the abundance of this species. During some adjacent year groups, the frequency of typhoons attributable to the indicated periods of the pink salmon’s life cycle increases, this causes a number of low-yielding generations. At the same time, the strength of the typhoons and the limits of their impact are constantly changing, which explains the lack of synchronism in the sharp changes in the pink salmon population of all the stocks in the region.