Characterization of biofilm-forming marine bacteria and their effect on attachment and germination of algal spores

Аннотация

In this work, 37 bacterial strains isolated from biofouling of marine organisms and from the Museum of Heterotrophic Bacteria of the National Scientific Center of Marine Biology were studied. The strains were identified based on their phenotypic characteristics and on the fatty acid composition of their cell wall lipids. Members of the genus Pseudoalteromonas prevailed both in associated microflora of two dinoflagellate clones and in the biofilms from marine hydrobionts. Associated microflora included also members of the CFB cluster, Bacillus, Sulfitobacter, Acinetobacter, Shewanella, and Psychrobacter. A considerable portion of strains (48.6%) exhibited antimicrobial activity. Antifouling activity against algal spores was studied using single-species bacterial biofilms and the spores of Ulva lactuca и Undaria pinnatifida, the algae most common in the Sea of Japan. Strong inhibitory effect on attachment of Ulva and Undaria spores was observed for 75 and 51% of the strains, respectively. Attached spores were, however, less sensitive to the inhibitory action of biofilms. Species specificity of algal response to bacteria was shown, with a strain having different effect on the spores of different algal species. Biotechnologically promising strains were determined, which exhibited high activity against the spores of macroalgae and could probably be used as producers of antifouling substances and as components of antifouling coatings. No relation was found between antifouling activity of bacteria and the source of their isolation. Our results indicate wide occurrence of bacteria with antifouling activity among associated microflora of marine hydrobionts and demonstrate the extent of complexity and diversity of relations between bacterial biofilms and algal spores.