Local low-temperature exposure: destruction, preservation, therapy

The impact of local low-temperatures on biological tissues, depending on the temperature reached, can lead to destructive, preservation, or therapeutic effects. This paper takes a unified approach to the transition from general recommendations to personalized recommendations for the dosing of local low-temperature exposure. The exposure process is divided into three stages: planning, provision and control, and an analysis of compliance with the planned dose. Solutions to the problems of heat transfer in cryosurgery and cryopreservation are given to possibly improve the planning stage. In the framework of the first way, two cases are considered. The first case is to improve the accuracy of prostate cryoablation planning. The second case is to compare the effectiveness of various materials of cryosurgical applicators: copper, brass, and artificial sapphire, which can be used to influence and control the freezing zone by optical methods. In the framework of the second way, a case of using local low-temperature exposure to simultaneously preserve the framework of biological tissue and remove a layer of donor cells, called decellularization, is shown for transplantology. The results of the above examples can potentially be used to plan a local low-temperature impact. Thus, new-generation methods and technologies allowing accurate dosing can be developed.