Catalytic Properties of Gadolinium Oxide in the Removal of Doxycycline with Anticancer Activity

Abstract

We located multiple binding sites for doxycycline on DNA under physiological conditions, using spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy are used to determine the ligand intercalation and external binding modes, the binding constant, and the stability of doxycycline–DNA complexes in an aqueous solution. Spectroscopic evidence shows that the doxycycline (DOXY) complexation with DNA occurs via G–C and A–T, and a PO₂ group with a binding constant K(DOXY–DNA) = 1.4×10⁴ M^–1. Uniform rare-earth gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃), as formed through a precipitation process using hexamine as template, are characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Another aim of the study was to investigate the degradation of the DOXY antibiotic by nanosized Gd₂O₃ under ultraviolet irradiation. Various experimental parameters such as initial DOXY concentrations, initial Gd₂O₃ concentration, initial pH, reaction times are investigated. According to the results, this method can be good in the removal of DOXY.