Aerosol pollution of the atmosphere (Review). Part 1. Sources, chemical composition, quantity of natural primary aerosol particles and their impact on human health

Мұқаба

Дәйексөз келтіру

Толық мәтін

Ашық рұқсат Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат берілді
Рұқсат жабық Тек жазылушылар үшін

Аннотация

The paper provides a review of natural sources of aerosols not associated with direct or indirect human activity that make a significant contribution to total aerosol particle emissions. In carrying out these studies, the characteristics of aerosol formation, transport and chemical composition were considered. It is shown that primary natural aerosols are formed from a wide range of sources, the share of each of which depends on the location, season and time of day. In the course of the analysis of literary data, data on the chemical composition and the magnitude of the annual emission of aerosol particles of natural origin were systematized. The results of the studies showed that natural aerosol particles are characterized by wide variability of chemical composition. The paper shows that modern estimates of global emissions of natural aerosols (using measurements, modern chemical transport models, global climate models and various parameterization schemes) differ by orders of magnitude. The data on the impact of different groups of aerosol particles (mineral dust, sea salt aerosols, aerosols from volcanic activity and aerosol pollution from wildfires) on the health of the population are presented. Aerosol pollution exposure has been shown to cause adverse health effects in humans, including cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, acute lower respiratory disease, diabetes, lung cancer, adverse birth outcomes and neonatal disease, and even death, but sea salt aerosols may also have positive effects on human health (positive biological activity of some phycotoxins, in particular, essotoxin).

Авторлар туралы

S. Riabova

Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics of the RAS

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: riabovasa@mail.ru
Ресей, Leninsky prospect, 38, bld. 1, Moscow, 119334

Әдебиет тізімі

  1. Антохин П.Н., Аршинова В.Г., Аршинов М.Ю., Белан Б.Д., Белан Е.Б., Воронецкая Н.Г., Головко А.К., Давыдов Д.К., Ивлев Г.А., Козлов А.В., Козлов А.С., Малышкин С.Б., Певнева Т.С., Рассказчикова Т.М., Савкин Д.Е., Симоненков Д.В., Скляднева Т.К., Толмачев Г.Н., Фофонов А.В. Органический аэрозоль в атмосфере Сибири и Арктики. Ч. 3. Продукты лесных пожаров // Оптика атмосферы и океана. 2017. Т. 30. № 9. С. 740–749.
  2. Антохина О.Ю., Антохин П.Н., Аршинова В.Г., Аршинов М.Ю., Белан Б.Д., Белан С.Б., Бердашкинова О.И., Голобокова Л.П., Давыдов Д.К., Ивлев Г.А., Козлов А.В., Онищук Н.А., Рассказчикова Т.М., Савкин Д.Е., Симоненков Д.В., Скляднева Т.К., Толмачев Г.Н., Фофонов А.В., Ходжер Т.В. Состав воздуха над Российским сектором Арктики в сентябре 2020 г. 4. Атмосферный аэрозоль. // Оптика атмосферы и океана. 2024. Т. 37. № 3. С. 214–224.
  3. Антохина О.Ю., Антохин П.Н., Аршинова В.Г., Аршинов М.Ю., Белан Б.Д., Белан С.Б., Давыдов Д.К., Ивлев Г.А., Козлов А.В., Nedelec Ph., Paris J.-D., Рассказчикова Т.М., Савкин Д.Е., Симоненков Д.В., Скляднева Т.К., Толмачев Г.Н., Фофонов А.В. Вертикальное распределение газовых и аэрозольных примесей воздуха над Российским сектором Арктики // Оптика атмосферы и океана. 2017. Т. 30. № 12. С. 1043–1052.
  4. Аэрозоль и климат / Под ред. К. Я. Кондратьева. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1991. 191 с.
  5. Береснев С.А., Грязин В.И. Физика атмосферных аэрозолей: Курс лекций. Екатеринбург: Изд-во Урал. ун-та, 2008. 227 с.
  6. Бондур В.Г., Гинзбург А.С. Эмиссия углеродсодержащих газов и аэрозолей от природных пожаров на территории России по данным космического мониторинга // Доклады РАН. Науки о Земле. 2016. Т. 466. № 4. С. 473–477.
  7. Бондур В.Г., Гордо К.А. Космический мониторинг площадей, пройденных огнем, и объемов эмиссий вредных примесей при лесных и других природных пожарах на территории Российской Федерации // Исследование Земли из космоса. 2018. № 3. С. 41–55.
  8. Бондур В.Г., Мохов И.И., Воронова О.С., Ситнов С.А. Космический мониторинг сибирских пожаров и их последствий: особенности аномалий 2019 г. и тенденции 20-летних изменений // Доклады РАН. Науки о Земле. 2020. T. 492. № 1. С. 99–106.
  9. Воронова О.С., Зима А.И., Кладов В.Л., Черепанова Е.В. Аномальные пожары на территории Сибири летом 2019 года // Исследования Земли из космоса. 2020. № 1. С. 70–82.
  10. Горчаков Г.И., Cвириденков M.A., Cемутникова Е.Г., Чyбарова H.Е., Холбен Б.H., Смирнов A.В., Емиленко А.С., Иcаков A.A., Копейкин В.M., Карпов A.В., Лезина Е.A., Задорожная O.C. Оптические и микрофизические характеристики аэрозоля задымленной атмосферы Московского региона в 2010 году // Доклады PАH. 2011. Т. 37. № 5. С. 686–690.
  11. Горчаков Г.И., Аникин П.П., Волох А.А., Емиленко А.С. Исаков А.А., Копейкин В.М., Пономарева Т.Я., Семутникова Б.Г., Свириденков М.А., Шукуров К.А. Исследование состава задымлённой атмосферы Москвы во время пожаров торфяников летом —осенью 2002 г. // Изв. РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана. 2004. Т. 40. № 3. С. 366‒380.
  12. Горчаков Г.И., Копейкин В.М., Ситнов С.А., Семутникова Е.Г., Свириденков М.А., Карпов А.В., Лезина Е.А., Емиленко А.С., Исаков А.А., Кузнецов Г.А., Пономарева Т.Я. Московская дымная мгла в октябре 2014 г. Вариации массовой концентрации аэрозоля // Оптика атмосферы и океана. 2015. Т. 28. № 10. С. 872–878.
  13. Горчаков Г.И., Семутникова Е.Г., Иcаков A.A., Копейкин В.M., Карпов A.В., Курбатов Г.А., Лезина Е.A., Пономарева Т.Я., Соколов А.В. Московская дымная мгла 2010 г. Экстремальное аэрозольное и газовое ѕагрязнение воѕдушного 6ассейна Московского региона // Оптика атмосферы и океана. 2011. Т. 24. № 6. С. 452–458.
  14. Дивинский Л.И., Ивлев Л.С. О воде и аэрозолях вулканического происхождения в высоких слоях атмосферы // Общество. Среда. Развитие (Terra Humana). 2012. C. 254‒261.
  15. Ивлев Л.С. Химический состав и структура атмосферных аэрозолей. Л.: Изд-во Ленинградского ун-та, 1982. 365 с.
  16. Ивлев Л.С., Довгалюк Ю.А. Физика атмосферных аэрозольных систем. СПб.: НИИХ СПбГУ, 1999. 194 с.
  17. Кабанов Д.М., Круглинский И.А., Почуфаров А.О., Сакерин С.М., Сидорова О.Р., Турчинович Ю.С. Пространственное распределение и средние характеристики атмосферного аэрозоля в акватории Карского моря. // Оптика атмосферы и океана. 2024. Т. 37. № 1. С. 77–83.
  18. Кабанов Д.М., Масловский А.С., Радионов В.Ф., Сакерин С.М., Чернов Д.Г., Cидорова О.Р. Сезонная и межгодовая характеристика аэрозоля по данным многолетних (2011–2021 гг.) измерений в Российском научном центре на архипелаге Шпицберген // Оптика атмосферы и океана. 2023. Т. 36, № 6. С. 433–442.
  19. Лиходед В.Г., Бондаренко В.М. Микробный фактор и Toll-подобные рецепторы в патогенезе атеросклероза // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2009. Т. 6. С. 107–112.
  20. Муранов К.О. Реакция фентона in vivo и in vitro. Возможности и ограничения // Успехи биологической химии. 2024. Т. 64. С. 219–246.
  21. Полькин В.В., Голобокова Л.П., Круглинский И.А., Почуфаров А.О., Сакерин С.М., Хуриганова О.И. Статистическое обобщение характеристик атмосферного аэрозоля над Белым морем (экспедиции 2003–2021 гг.) // Оптика атмосферы и океана. 2022. Т. 35. № 10. С. 820–825.
  22. Романовская А.А., Имшенник Е.В., Карабань Р.Т., Смирнов Н.С., Коротков В.Н., Трунов А.А. Выбросы короткоживущих климатически активных веществ антропогенного происхождения на территории России за период с 2000 до 2013 годы // Экологический мониторинг и моделирование экосистем. 2016. Т. 27. № 1. C. 27‒48.
  23. Романовская А.Ю., Савин И.Ю. Аэрозольная пыль почвенного происхождения в атмосфере: источники, количество, свойства (обзор) // Бюлл. Поч-венного института имени В.В. Докучаева. 2021. Вып. 109. С. 36‒95. doi: 10.19047/0136-1694-2021-109-36-95.
  24. Рябова С.А., Крашенинников А.В., Локтев Д.Н., Соловьев С.П. Вариации концентрации микрочастиц в приземном слое атмосферы в летние периоды 2021 и 2022 годов по данным обсерватории «Мих-нево» // Геофизические процессы и биосфера. 2023. Т. 22. № 4. С. 5‒12. doi: 10.21455/GPB2023.4-1.
  25. Сакерин С.М., Кабанов Д.М., Калашникова Д.А., Кравчишина М.Д., Круглинский И.А., Макаров В.И., Попова С.А., Почуфаров А.О., Симонова Г.В., Турчинович Ю.С., Дарьин Ф.А. Пространственно-временная изменчивость характеристик атмосферного аэрозоля над Карским, Баренцевым, Норвежским и Гренландским морями (экспедиции 2018–2021 гг.) // Оптика атмосферы и океана. 2022. Т. 35. № 6. С. 447–455.
  26. Сакерин С.М., Кабанов Д.М., Калашникова Д.А., Круглинский И.А., Макаров В.И., Новигатский А.Н., Полькин В.В., Попова С.А., Почуфаров А.О., Симонова Г.В., Турчинович Ю.С., Шевченко В.П. Результаты измерений характеристик аэрозоля в 80-м рейсе НИС «Академик Мстислав Келдыш» на маршруте от Балтийского моря до Баренцева моря // Оптика атмосферы и океана. 2021. Т. 34. № 7. C. 515–523.
  27. Ситнов С.A. Спутниковый мониторинг содержаний газовых nримесей атмосферы и оптических характеристик атмосферного аэрозоля над европейской территорией Pоссии в апреле–сентябре 2010 года // Доклады PАH. 2011. Т. 37. № 1. С. 102–107.
  28. Ситнов С.А., Мохов И.И. Сравнительный анализ характеристик пожаров в бореальных лесах Евразии и северной Америки по спутниковым данным // Исследования Земли из космоса. 2018. № 2. С. 21–37.
  29. Трефилова А.В., Артамонова М.С., Кудерина Т.М., Губанова Д.П., Давыдов К.А., Иорданский М.А., Гречко Е.И., Минашкин В.М. Химический состав и микрофизические характеристики аэрозоля г. Москвы и Подмосковья в июне 2009 г. и на пике пожаров 2010 г. // Геофизические процессы и биосфера. 2012. Т. 11. № 4. С. 65‒82.
  30. Трифонов К.И., Девисилов В.А. Физико-химические процессы в техносфере. М.: ФОРУМ, 2007. 240 с.
  31. Угольников О.С. Облака и аэрозоль выше тропосферы: оптические наблюдения и новейшая история // Физика Космоса: труды 47-й Международной студенческой научной конференции (Екатеринбург, 29 янв.–2 февр. 2018 г.). Екатеринбург: Изд-во Урал. ун-та, 2018. С. 104‒122.
  32. Чубарова Н.Е., Горбаренко Е.В., Незваль Е.И., Шиловцева О.А. Аэрозольные и радиационные характеристики атмосферы во время лесных и торфяных пожаров в 1972, 2002 и 2010 гг. в Подмосковье // Изв. РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана. 2011. Т. 47. № 6. С. 790‒800.
  33. Шевченко В.П., Копейкин В.М., Новигатский А.Н., Малафеев Г.В. Черный углерод в приводном слое атмосферы над Северной Атлантикой и морями Российской Арктики в июле–сентябре 2017 г. // Океанология. 2019. Т. 59. № 5. С. 771–776.
  34. Яковлев М.Ю. «Эндотоксиновая агрессия» как предболезнь или универсальный фактор патогенеза заболеваний человека и животных // Успехи современной биологии. 2003. Т. 123. № 1. С. 31–40.
  35. Яковлев М.Ю. Системная эндотоксинемия. М.: Наука, 2021. 184 с.
  36. Agier L., Deroubaix A., Martiny N., Yaka P., Djibo A., Broutin H. Seasonality of meningitis in Africa and climate forcing: aerosols stand out // Journal of The Royal Society Interface. 2013. V. 10. № 79. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0814.
  37. Aguilera R., Corringham T., Gershunov A., Benmarhnia T. Wildfire smoke impacts respiratory health more than fine particles from other sources: observational evidence from Southern California // Nature Communications. 2021. V. 12. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21708-0.
  38. Albrecht B.A. Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness // Science. 1989. V. 245. № 4923. P. 1227–1230.
  39. Alexander C., Rietschel E.T. Invited review: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and innate immunity // Journal of Endotoxin Research. 2001. V. 7. № 3. P. 167‒202.
  40. Alfonso A., Vieytes M., Botana L. Yessotoxin, a promising therapeutic tool // Marine Drugs. 2016. V. 14. № 2. doi: 10.3390/md14020030.
  41. Allen A.G., Oppenheimer C., Ferm M., Baxter P.J., Horrocks L.A., Galle B., McGonigle A.J.S., Duffell H.J. Primary sulfate aerosol and associated emissions from Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2002. V. 107. № D23. doi: 10.1029/2002JD002120.
  42. Al-Taiar A., Thalib L. Short-term effect of dust storms on the risk of mortality due to respiratory, cardiovascular and all-causes in Kuwait // International Journal of Biometeorology. 2014. V. 58. № 1. P. 69‒77.
  43. Altieri K.E. Hastings M.G. Peters A.J., Oleynik S., Sigman D.M. Isotopic evidence for a marine ammonium source in rainwater at Bermuda // Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2014. V. 28. № 10. P. 1066–1080.
  44. Altieri K.E., Fawcett S.E., Peters A.J., Sigman D.M., Hastings M.G. Marine biogenic source of atmospheric organic nitrogen in the subtropical North Atlantic // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2016. V. 113. № 4. P. 925–930.
  45. Altindag D.T., Baek D., Mocan N. Chinese yellow dust and Korean infant health // Social Science & Medicine. 2017. V. 186. P. 78‒86.
  46. Andela N., Morton D.C., Giglio L., Chen Y., van der Werf G.R., Kasibhatla P.S., DeFries R.S., Collatz G.J., Hantson S., Kloster S., Bachelet D., Forrest M., Lasslop G., Li F., Mangeon S., Melton J.R., Yue C., Randerson J.T. A human-driven decline in global burned area // Science. 2017. V. 356. № 6345. P. 1356–1362.
  47. Andersson S.M., Martinsson B.G., Vernier J.-P., Friberg J., Brenninkmeijer C.A.M., Hermann M., van Velthoven P.F.J., Zahn A. Significant radiative impact of volcanic aerosol in the lowermost stratosphere // Nature Communications. V. 6. № 1. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8692.
  48. Andreae M.O. Climatic effects of changing atmospheric aerosol levels // World survey of climatology. V. 16, edited by A. Henderson-Sellers. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995. P. 341−392.
  49. Andreae M.O., Gelencsér A. Black or brown carbon. The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2006. V. 6. P. 3419–3463.
  50. Andreas E.L. A new sea spray generation function for wind speeds up to 32 ms−1 // Journal of Physical Oceanography. 1998. V. 28. № 11. P. 2175–2184.
  51. Ångström A. Atmospheric turbidity, global illumination and planetary albedo of the earth // Tellus. 1962. V. 14. № 4. P. 435–450.
  52. Apte J.S., Marshall J.D., Cohen A.J., Brauer M. Addressing global mortality from ambient PM2.5 // Environmental Science and Technology. 2015. V. 49. № 17. P. 8057–8066.
  53. Backer L.C., Fleming L.E., Rowan A., Cheng Y.S., Benson J.M., Pierce R.H., Zaias J., Bean J., Bossart G.D., Johnson D., Quimbo R., Baden D.G. Recreational exposure to aerosolized brevetoxins during Florida red tide events // Harmful Algae. 2003. V. 2. № 1. P. 19‒28.
  54. Balakrishna S., Lomnicki S., McAvey K.M., Cole R.B., Dellinger B., Cormier S.A. Environmentally persistent free radicals amplify ultrafine particle mediated cellular oxidative stress and cytotoxicity // Particle and Fibre Toxicology. 2009. V. 6. № 1. doi: 10.1186/1743-8977-6-11.
  55. Banks J.R., Brindley H.E., Stenchikov G., Schepanski K. Satellite retrievals of dust aerosol over the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017. V. 17. № 6. P. 3987–4003.
  56. Baxter P.J., Ing R., Falk H., Plikaytis B. Mount St-Helens eruptions — the acute respiratory effects of volcanic ash in a North-American community // Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health. 1983. V. 38. № 3. P. 138‒143.
  57. Bell M.L., Levy J.K., Lin Z. The effect of sandstorms and air pollution on causespecific hospital admissions in Taipei, Taiwan // Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2008. V. 65. № 2. P. 104‒111.
  58. Bertschi I.T., Jaffe D.A. Long–range transport of ozone, carbon monoxide, and aerosols to the NE Pacific troposphere during the summer of 2003: observations of smoke plumes from Asian boreal fires // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2005. V. 110. № D5. doi: 10.1029/2004JD00513.
  59. Biscaye P.E., Grousset F.E., Revel M., Van der Gaast S., Zielinski G.A., Vaars A., Kukla G. Asian provenance of glacial dust (stage 2) in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Ice Core, Summit, Greenland // Journal of Geophysical Research: Ocean. 1997. V. 102. № C12. P. 26765–26781.
  60. Bolaño-Diaz S., Camargo-Caicedo Y., Tovar Bernal F., Bolaño-Ortviz T.R. The effect of forest fire events on air quality: a case study of northern Colombia // Fire. 2022. V. 5. № 6. doi: 10.3390/fire5060191.
  61. Bond W.J., Keeley J.E. Fire as a global ‘herbivore’: the ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems // Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2005. V. 20. № 7. P. 387‒394.
  62. Borchers Arriagada N., Palmer A.J., Bowman D.M., Morgan G.G., Jalaludin B.B., Johnston F.H. Unprecedented smoke-related health burden associated with the 2019–20 bushfires in eastern Australia // Medical Journal of Australia. 2020. V. 213. № 6. P. 282–283.
  63. Borrowman C.K., Zhou S., Burrow T.E., Abbatt J.P.D. Formation of environmentally persistent free radicals from the heterogeneous reaction of ozone and polycyclic aromatic compounds // Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2016. V. 18. № 1. P. 205–212.
  64. Brovedani V., Pelin M., D’Orlando E., Poli M. Brevetoxins: Toxicological profile // Marine and freshwater toxins, edited by P. Gopalakrishnakone, V. Haddad Jr., A. Tubaro, E. Kim, W. Kem. Dordrecht: Springer, 2016. P. 113–127.
  65. Brown S., Jenkins S., Sparks R.S.J., Odbet H., Auker M.R. Volcanic fatalities database: analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification // Journal of Applied Volcanology. 2017. V. 6. № 15. doi: 10.1186/s13617-017-0067-4.
  66. Cachier H., Liousse C., Buatmenard P., Gaudichet A. Particulate content of savanna fire emissions // Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry. 1995. V. 22. № 1‒2. P. 123‒148.
  67. Chakrabarty R.K., Beres N.D., Moosmüller H., China S., Mazzoleni C., Dubey M.K., Liu L., Mishchenko M.I. Soot superaggregates from flaming wildfires and their direct radiative forcing // Scientific Reports. 201l. V. 1. № 4. doi: 10.1038/srep05508.
  68. Chan C.C., Ng H.C. A case-crossover analysis of Asian dust storms and mortality in the downwind areas using 14-year data in Taipei // Science of The Total Environment. 2011. V. 410–411. P. 47‒52.
  69. Chen H., Samet J.M., Bromberg P.A., Tong H. Cardiovascular health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure // Particle and Fibre Toxicology. 2021. V. 18. № 2. doi: 10.1186/s12989-020-00394-8.
  70. Chen J., Li C., Ristovski Z., Milic A., Gu Y., Islam M.S., Wang S., Hao J., Zhang H., He C., Guo H., Fu H., Miljevic B., Morawska L., Thai P., Lam Y.F., Pereira G., Ding A., Huang X., Dumka U.C. A review of biomass burning: emissions and impacts on air quality, health and climate in China // Science of The Total Environment. 2017. V. 579. P. 1000–1034.
  71. Chen S., Huang J., Qian Y. An overview of mineral dust modeling over East Asia // Journal of Meteorological Research. 2017. V. 31. P. 633–653.
  72. Chen Y., Ebenstein A., Greenstone M., Li H. Evidence on the impact of sustained exposure to air pollution on life expectancy from China’s Huai River Policy // Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences United States of America. 2013. V. 110. P. 12936–12941.
  73. Chen Y.S., Sheen P.C., Chen E.R., Liu Y.K., Wu T.N., Yang C.Y. Effects of Asian dust storm events on daily mortality in Taipei, Taiwan // Environmental Research. 2004. V. 95. № 2. P. 151‒155.
  74. Chen Y-S, Yang C.-Y. Effects of Asian dust storm events on daily hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Taipei, Taiwan // Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A. 2005. V. 72. № 5. P. 324‒328.
  75. Cheng T., Lu D., Chen H., Xu Y. Physical characteristics of dust aerosol over Hunshan Dake sandland in Northern China // Atmospheric Environment. 2005a. V. 39. № 7. P. 1237–1243.
  76. Cheng Y.S., Mcdonald J.D., Kracko D., Irvan M.C., Zhou Y., Pierce R.H., Henry M.S., Andrea B., Naar J., Baden D.G. Concentration and particle size of airborne toxic algae (brevetoxin) derived from ocean red tide events // Environmental Science & Technology. 2005b. V. 39. № 10. P. 3443–3449.
  77. Cheng Y.S., Villareal T.A., Zhou Y., Gao J., Pierce R.H., Wetzel D., Naar J., Baden D.G. Characterization of red tide aerosol on the Texas coast // Harmful Algae. 2005c. V. 4. № 1. P. 19‒28.
  78. Chichaeva M.A., Lychagin M.Yu., Syroeshkin A.V., Chernitsova O.V. Heavy metals in marine aerosols of the Azov sea // Geography, Environment, Sustainability. 2020. V. 13. № 2. P. 127‒134.
  79. Choobari O.A., Zawar-Reza P., Sturman A. The global distribution of mineral dust and its impacts on the climate system: A review // Atmospheric Research 2014. V. 138. P. 152–165.
  80. Chowdhury P.H., He Q., Carmieli R., Li C., Rudich Y., Pardo M. Connecting the oxidative potential of secondary organic aerosols with reactive oxygen species in exposed lung cells // Environmental Science & Technology. 2019. V. 53. № 23. P. 13949–13958.
  81. Chowdhury S., Pozzer A., Dey S., Klingmueller K., Lelieveld J. Changing risk factors that contribute to premature mortality from ambient air pollution between 2000 and 2015 // Environmental Research Letters. 2020. V. 15. № 7. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab8334.
  82. Chowdhury S., Pozzer A., Haines A., Klingmüller K., Münzel T., Paasonen P., Sharma A., Venkataraman C., Lelieveld J. Global health burden of ambient PM2.5 and the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon and organic aerosols // Environment International. 2022. V. 159. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107020.
  83. Ciminiello P., Dell’aversano C., Iacovo E.D., Fattorusso E., Forino M., Tartaglione L., Benedettini G., Onorari M., Serena F., Battocchi C., Casabianca S., Penna A. First finding of ostreopsis cf. ovata toxins in marine aerosols // Environmental Science & Technology. 2014. V. 48. № 6. P. 3532–3540.
  84. Clarke A.D., Owens S.R., Zhou J. An ultrafine sea salt flux from breaking waves: implications for cloud condensation nuclei in the remote marine atmosphere // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2006. V. 111. № D6. doi: 10.1029/2005JD006565.
  85. Cleland S.E., Serre M.L., Rappold A.G., West J.J. Estimating the acute health impacts of fire-originated PM2.5 exposure during the 2017 California wildfires: sensitivity to choices of inputs // GeoHealth. 2021. V. 5. № 7. doi: 10.1029/2021GH000414.
  86. Cohen A.J., Brauer M., Burnett R., Anderson H.R., Frostad J., Estep K., Kalpana Balakrishnan K., Brunekreef B., Dandona L., Dandona R., Feigin V, Freedman G., Hubbell B., Jobling A., Kan H., Knibbs L., Liu Y., Martin R., Morawska L., Pope III C.A., Shin H., Straif K., Shaddick G., Thomas M., van Dingenen R., van Donkelaar A., Vos T., Murray C.J.L., Forouzanfar M.H. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: An analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015 // Lancet. 2017. V. 389. № 10082. P. 1907–1918.
  87. Coogan S.C., Robinne F.N., Jain P., Flannigan M.D. Scientists’ warning on wildfire — a Canadian perspective // Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 2019. V. 49. № 9. P. 1015–1023.
  88. Covey J., Horwell C.J., Rachmawati L., Ogawa R., Martindel Pozzo A.L., Armienta M.A., Nugroho F., Dominelli L. Factors motivating the use of respiratory protection against volcanic ashfall: A comparative analysis of communities in Japan, Indonesia and Mexico // International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2019. V. 35. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101066.
  89. Crawford B., Hagan D.H., Grossman I., Cole E., Holland L., Heald C.L., Kroll J.H. Mapping pollution exposure and chemistry during an extreme air quality event (the 2018 Kilauea eruption) using a low-cost sensor network // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2021. V. 118. № 27. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2025540118.
  90. Crooks J.L., Cascio W.E., Percy M.S., Reyes J., Neas L.M., Hilborn E.D. The association between dust storms and daily non-accidental mortality in the United States, 1993–2005 // Environmental Health Perspectives. 2016. V. 124. № 11. P. 1735‒1743.
  91. Davies K.J.A. Oxidative stress: the paradox of aerobic life // Biochemical Society Symposium. 1995. V. 61. doi: 10.1042/bss0610001.
  92. de Leeuw G., Andreas E.L., Anguelova M.D., Fairall C.W., Lewis E.R., O’Dowd C., Schwartz S.E. Production flux of sea spray aerosol // Reviews of Geophysics. 2011. V. 49. № 2. doi: 10.1029/2010rg000349.
  93. de Lima E.F., Sommer C.A., Cordeiro Silva I.M., Netta A.P., Lindenberg M., Marques Alves R. Morphology and chemistry of the Puyehue volcano ashes deposited at Porto Alegre metropolitan region in June 2011 // Revista Brasiliera de Geociências. 2012. V. 42. P. 265–280.
  94. de Morais M.G., da Silva Vaz S., de Morais E.G., Costa J.A.V. Biologically active metabolites synthesized by microalgae // BioMed Research International. 2015. V. 2015. doi: 10.1155/2015/835761.
  95. Delangizan S., Jafari M.Z. Dust phenomenon affects on cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations and mortality a case study in Kermanshah, during March-September 2010–2011 // Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2013. V. 6. № 1. P. 65‒76.
  96. Delfino R.J., Brummel S., Wu J., Stern H., Ostro B., Lipsett M., Winer A., Street D.H., Zhang L., Tjoa T., Gillen D.L. The relationship of respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions to the southern California wildfires of 2003 // Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2009. V. 66. № 3. P. 189‒197.
  97. Deligne N.I., Coles S.G., Sparks R.S.J. Recurrence rates of large explosive volcanic eruptions // Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2010. V. 115. № B06. doi: 10.1029/2009JB006554.
  98. Dellinger B., Lomnicki S., Khachatryan L., Maskos Z., Hall R.W., Adounkpe J., McFerrin C., Truong H. Formation and stabilization of persistent free radicals // Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. 2007. V. 31. № 1. P. 521–528.
  99. Di Mauro B., Garzonio R., Rossini M., Filippa G., Pogliotti P., Galvagno M., di Cella U.M., Migliavacca M., Baccolo G., Clemenza M., Delmonte B., Maggi V., Dumont M., Tuzet F., Lafaysse M., Morin S., Cremonese E., Colombo R. Saharan dust events in the European Alps: role in snowmelt and geochemical characterization // The Cryosphere. V. 13. P. 1147–1165.
  100. Dœlsch E., Saint-Macary H., Van de Kerchove V. Sources of very high heavy metal content in soils of volcanic island (La Réunion) // Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2006. V. 8. № 1. P. 194‒197.
  101. Doney S.C., Mahowald N., Lima I., Feely R.A., Mackenzie F.T., Lamarque J.F., Rasch P.J. Impact of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition on ocean acidification and the inorganic carbon system // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2007. V. 104. № 37. P. 14580–14585.
  102. Duc H.N., Bang H.Q., Quang N.X. Modelling and prediction of air pollutant transport during the 2014 biomass burning and forest fires in peninsular Southeast Asia // Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2016. V. 188. doi: 10.1007/s10661-016-5106-9.
  103. Duce R.A., Laroche J., Altieri K., Arrigo K.R., Baker A.R., Capone D.G., Cornell S., Dentener F., Galloway J., Ganeshram R.S. Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean // Science. 2008. V. 320. P. 893–897.
  104. Durant A.J., Villarosa G., Rose W.I., Delmelle P., Prata A.J., Viramonte J.G. Long-range volcanic ash transport and fallout during the 2008 eruption of Chaitén volcano, Chile // Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. Parts A/B/C. 2012. V. 45–46. P. 50–64.
  105. Elperin T., Fominykh A., Katra I., Krasovitov B. Modelling of nitric acid gas adsorption by atmospheric dust particles // Aerosol science and technology. 2019. V. 53. № 4. P. 381–393.
  106. Engelstaedter S., Tegen I., Washington R. North African dust emissions and transport // Earth-Science Reviews. 2006. V. 79. № 1–2. P. 73–100.
  107. Eychenne J., Cashman K., Rust A. Durant A. Impact of the lateral blast on the spatial pattern and grain size characteristics of the 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens fallout deposit // Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2015. V. 120. № 9. P. 6018–6038.
  108. Fang T., Hwang B.C.H., Kapur S., Hopstock K.S., Wei J., Nguyen V., Nizkorodov S.A., Shiraiwa M. Wildfire particulate matter as a source of environmentally persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species // Environmental Science: Atmospheres. 2023. V. 3. P. 581‒594.
  109. Fang T., Lakey P.S.J., Rivera-Rios J.C., Keutsch F.N., Shiraiwa M. Aqueous-phase decomposition of isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide and hydroxyl radical formation by fenton-like reactions with iron ions // Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2020. V. 124. № 25. P. 5230‒5236.
  110. Flannigan M.D., Harrington J.B. A study of the relation of meteorological variables to monthly provincial area burned by wildfire in Canada (1953–80) // Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 1988. V. 27. № 4. P. 441–452.
  111. Förstner U. Integrated pollution control. New York: Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. 505 p.
  112. Franzi L.M., Bratt J.M., Williams K.M., Last J.A. Why is particulate matter produced by wildfires toxic to lung macrophages? // Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2011. V. 257. № 2. P. 182–188.
  113. Freire S., Florczyk A.J., Pesaresi M., Sliuzas R. An improved global analysis of population distribution in proximity to active volcanoes, 1975–2015 // ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2019. V. 8. № 8. doi: 10.3390/ijgi8080341.
  114. Gaiero D., Gassó S., Gisladottir G., Hodgkins R., McCulloch R., McKenna–Neuman C., Mockford T., Stewart H., Thorsteinsson T. High-latitude dust in the Earth system // Reviews of Geophysics. 2016. V. 54. № 2. P. 447–485.
  115. Galanos C., Freudenberg M.A. Bacterial endotoxins: Biological properties and mechanisms of action // Mediators of Inflammation. 1993. V. 2. № 7. P. S11–S16.
  116. Gantt B., Meskhidze N., Facchini M.C., Rinaldi M., Ceburnis D., O’Dowd C.D. Wind speed dependent size-resolved parameterization for the organic mass fraction of sea spray aerosol // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011. V. 11. № 16. P. 8777–8790.
  117. Gao Y., Huang W., Xu R., Danijela Gasevic D., Liu Y., Yu W., Yua P., Yue X., Zhou G., Zhang Y., Liu H., Song J., Guo Y., Li S. Association between long-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 and mortality: A longitudinal analysis of the UK Biobank // Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2023. V. 457. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131779.
  118. Garcia-Pando C.P., Stanton M.C., Diggle P.J., Trzaska S., Miller R.L., Perlwitz J.P., Baldasano J.M., Cuevas E., Ceccato P., Yaka P., Thomson M.C. Soil dust aerosols and wind as predictorsof seasonal meningitis incidence in Niger // Environmental Health Perspectives. 2014. V. 122. № 7. P. 679–686.
  119. Gardner C.S., Liu A.Z., Marsh D.R., Feng W., Plane J.M.C. Inferring the global cosmic dust influx to the Earth's atmosphere from lidar observations of the vertical flux of mesospheric Na // Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2014. V. 119. № 9. P. 7870–7879.
  120. Gauthier P., Sigmarsson O., Gouhier M., Haddadi B., Moune S. Elevated gas flux and trace metal degassing from the 2014–2015 fissure eruption at the Bárðarbunga volcanic system, Iceland // Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2016. V. 121. № 3. P. 1610–1630.
  121. Gentien P., Arzul G. Exotoxin production by gyrodinium cf. Aureolum (dinophyceae) // Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 1990. V. 70. № 3. P. 571–581.
  122. Ghozikali M.G., Ansarin K., Naddafi K., Nodehi R.N., Yaghmaeian K., Hassanvand M.S., Kashani H., Jaafari J., Atafar Z., Faraji M., Ghanbarian M., Rezaei S., Seyedrezazadeh E., Goudarzi G., Yunesian M. Short-term effects of particle size fractions on lung function of late adolescents // Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018. V. 25. № 22. P. 21822‒21832.
  123. Giannadaki D., Pozzer A., Lelieveld J. Modeled global effects of airborne desert dust on air quality and premature mortality // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2014. V. 14. № 2. P. 957–968.
  124. Giglio L., Boschetti L., Roy D.P., Humber M.L., Justice C.O. The Collection 6 MODIS burned area mapping algorithm and product // Remote Sensing of Environment. 2018. V. 217. P. 72‒85.
  125. Ginoux P., Chin M., Tegen I., Prospero J.M., Holben B., Dubovik O., Lin S.-J. Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the GOCART model // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2001. V. 106. № D17. P. 20255‒20274.
  126. Ginoux P., Prospero J.M., Gill T.E., Hsu N.C., Zhao M. Global-scale attribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources and their emission rates based on MODIS Deep Blue aerosol products // Reviews of Geophysics. 2012. V. 50. № 3. doi: 10.1029/2012RG000388.
  127. Golubeva N.I., Burtseva L.V., Gromov S.A. Heavy metals in atmospheric air in the Kara sea water area in September–October // Oceanology. 2011. V. 58. P. 870-878.
  128. Goncharuk V.V., Lapshin V.B., Chichaeva M.A., Matveeva I.S., Samsoni-Todorov A.O., Taranov V.V., Syroezhkin A.V. Heavy metals, aluminum, and arsenic in aerosols of the world ocean // Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology. 2012. V. 34. doi: 10.3103/S1063455X12010018.
  129. Gong P., Wang X. Forest fires enhance the emission and transport of persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the central Himalaya to the Tibetan Plateau // Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2021. V. 8. № 7. P. 498–503. doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00221.
  130. Gong S.L. A parameterization of sea-salt aerosol source function for sub- and super-micron particles // Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2003. V. B17. № 4. doi: 10.1029/2003gb002079.
  131. Gong S.L., Barrie L.B., Lazare M. Canadian Aerosol Module (CAM): A size-segregated simulation of atmospheric aerosol processes for climate and air quality models: 2. Global sea-salt aerosol and its budgets // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2002. V. 107. № D24. doi: 10.1029/2001JD002004.
  132. Gong S.L., Bartie L.A. Modeling sea-salt aerosols in the atmosphere 1. Model development // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 1997. V. 102. № D3. P. 3805–3818.
  133. Gorchakov G.I., Sitnov S.A., Sviridenkov M.A., Semoutnikova E.G., Emilenko A.S., Isakov A.A., Kopeikin V.M., Karpov A.V., Gorchakova I.A., Verichev K.S., Kurbatov G.A., Ponomareva T.Ya. Satellite and ground-based monitoring of smoke in the atmosphere during the summer wildfires in European Russia in 2010 and Siberia in 2012 // International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2014. V. 35. № 15. P. 5698–5721.
  134. Goudie A.S. Desert dust and human health disorders // Environment International. 2014. V. 63. P. 101‒113. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.011.
  135. Goudie A.S., Middleton N.J. Saharan dust storms: nature and consequences // Earth-Science Reviews. 2001. V. 56. № 1–4. P. 179–204.
  136. Graf H.-F., Langmann B., Feichter J. The contribution of Earth degassing to the atmospheric sulfur budget // Chemical Geology. 1998. V. 147. P. 131‒145.
  137. Graham A.M., Pringle K.J., Pope R.J., Arnold S.R., Conibear L.A., Burns H., Rigby R., Borchers-Arriagada N., Butt E.W., Kiely L., Reddington C., Spracklen D.V., Woodhouse M.T., Knote C., McQuaid J.B. Impact of the 2019/2020 Australian megafires on air quality and health // Geohealt. 2021. V. 5. № 10. doi: 10.1029/2021gh000454.
  138. Grant E., Runkle J.D. Long-term health effects of wildfire exposure: a scoping review // The Journal of Climate Change and Health. 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100110.
  139. Grantz D.A., Garner J.H.B., Johnson D.W. Ecological effects of particulate matter // Environment International. 2003. V. 29. № 2‒3. doi: 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00181-2.
  140. Griffin D.W., Garrison V.H., Herman J.R., Shinn E.A. African desert dust in the Caribbean atmosphere: Microbiology and public health // Aerobiologia. 2001. V. 17. № 3. P. 203–213.
  141. Grythe H., Ström J., Krejci R., Quinn P., Stohl A. A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2014. V. 14. P. 1277–1297.
  142. Ha S., Abatzoglou J.T., Adebiyi A., Ghimire S., Martinez V., Wang M., Basu R. Impacts of heat and wildfire on preterm birth // Environmental Research. 2024. V. 252. № 4. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119094.
  143. Halmer M.M., Schmincke H.U., Graf H.F. The annual volcanic gas input into the atmosphere, in particular into the stratosphere: a global data set for the past 100 years // Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 2002. V. 115. № 3–4. P. 511‒528.
  144. Han C., Hur S.D., Han Y., Lee K., Hong S., Erhardt T., Fischer H., Svensson A.M. Steffensen J.P., Vallelonga P. High-resolution isotopic evidence for a potential Saharan provenance of Greenland glacial dust // Scientific Reports. 2018. V. 8. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33859-0.
  145. Hanninen O.O., Salonen R.O., Koistinen K., Lanki T., Barregard L., Jantunen M. Population exposure to fine particles and estimated excess mortality in Finland from an East European wildfire episode // Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 2009. V. 19. № 4. P. 414–422.
  146. Hansen J., Sato M., Ruedy R. Radiative forcing and climate response // Journal of Geophysical Research. 1997. V. 102. № D6. P. 6831‒6864.
  147. Heft–Neal S., Driscoll A., Yang W., Shaw G., Burke M. Associations between wildfire smoke exposure during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth in California // Environmental Research. 2022. V. 203. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111872.
  148. Heilman W.E., Liu Y., Urbanski S., Kovalev V., Mickler R. Wildland fire emissions, carbon, and climate: Plume rise, atmospheric transport, and chemistry processes // Forest Ecology and Management. 2014. V. 317. P. 70–79.
  149. Ho H.M., Rao C.Y., Hsu H.H., Chiu Y.H., Liu C.M., Chao H.J. Characteristics and determinants of ambient fungal spores in Hualien, Taiwan // Atmospheric Environment. 2005. V. 39. № 32. P. 5839–5850.
  150. Holanda B.A., Franco M.A., Walter D., Artaxo P., Carbone S., Cheng Y., Chowdhury S., Ditas F., Gysel-Beer M., Klimach T., Kremper L.A., Krüger O.O., Lavric J.V., Lelieveld J., Ma C., Machado L.A.T., Modini R.L., Morais F.G., Pozzer A., Saturno J., Su H., Wendisch M., Wolff S., Pöhlker M.L., Andreae, M.O., Pöschl U., Pöhlker C. African biomass burning affects aerosol cycling over the Amazon // Communications Earth & Environment. 2023. V. 4. doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-00795-5.
  151. Holmes N.S. A review of particle formation events and growth in the atmosphere in the various environments and discussion of mechanistic implications // Atmospheric Environment. 2007. V. 41. № 10. P. 2183‒2201.
  152. Hsu S.C., Liu S.C., Kao S.J., Jeng W.L., Huang Y.T., Tseng C.M., Tsai F., Tu J.Y., Yang Y. Sources solubility and acid processing of aerosol iron and phosphorous over the South China Sea: East Asian dust and pollution outflows vs. Southeast Asian biomass burning // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2014. V. 14. P. 21433–21472.
  153. Huang J., Wang T., Wang W., Li Z., Yan H. Climate effects of dust aerosols over East Asian arid and semiarid regions // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2014. V. 119. № 19. P. 11398–11416.
  154. Huang Y., Kok J.F., Kandler K., Lindqvist H., Nousiainen T., Sakai T., Adebiyi A., Jokinen O. Climate models and remote sensing retrievals neglect substantial desert dust asphericity // Geophysical Research Letters. 2020. V. 47. № 6. doi: 10.1029/2019GL086592.
  155. Huneeus N., Schulz M., Balkanski Y., Griesfeller J., Prospero J., Kinne S., Bauer S., Boucher O., Chin M., Dentener F., Diehl T., Easter R., Fillmore D., Ghan S., Ginoux P., Grini A., Horowitz L., Koch D., Krol M.C., Landing W., Liu X., Mahowald N., Miller R., Morcrette J.J., Myhre G., Penner J., Perlwitz J., Stier P., Takemura T., Zender C.S. Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011. V. 11. P. 7781‒7816.
  156. Husar R.B., Tratt D.M., Schichtel B.A., Falke S.R., Li F., Jaffe D., Gasso S., Gill T., Laulainen N.S., Lu F., Reheis M.C., Chun Y., Westphal D., Holben B.N., Gueymard C., McKendry I., Kuring N., Feldman G.C., Mc Clain C., Frouin R. J., Merrill J., DuBois D., Vignola F., Murayama T., Nickovic S., Wilson W.E., Sassen K., Sugimoto N., Malm W.C. Asian Dust events of April 1998 // Journal of Geophysical Research. 2001. V. 106. № D16. P. 18317‒18330.
  157. Hwang B., Fang T., Pham R., Wei J., Gronstal S., Lopez B., Frederickson C., Galeazzo T., Wang X., Jung H., Shiraiwa M. Environmentally persistent free radicals, reactive oxygen species generation, and oxidative potential of highway PM2.5 // ACS Earth and Space Chemistry. 2021. V. 5. № 8. P. 1865–1875.
  158. Ilyinskaya E., Mason E., Wieser P.E., Holland L., Liu E.J., Mather T.A., Edmonds M., Whitty R.C.W., Elias T., Nadeau P.A., Schneide D., McQuaid J.B., Allen S.E.J., Oppenheimer C., Kern C., Damby D. Rapid metal pollutant deposition from the volcanic plume of Kīlauea, Hawaii // Communications Earth & Environment. 2021. V. 2. doi: 10.1038/s43247-021-00146-2.
  159. Ilyinskaya E., Schmidt A., Mather T.A., Pope F.D., Witham C., Baxter P., Jóhannsson T., Pfeffer M., Barsotti S., Singh A., Sanderson P., Bergsson B., Kilbride B.M., Donovan A., Peters N., Oppenheimer C., Edmonds M. Understanding the environmental impacts of large fissure eruptions: aerosol and gas emissions from the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption (Iceland) // Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2017. V. 472. P. 309–322.
  160. Im U., Geels C., Hanninen R., Kukkonen J., Rao S., Ruuhela R., Sofiev M., Schaller N., Hodnebrog Ø., Sillmann J., Schwingshackl C., Christensen J.H., Bojariu R., Aunan K. Reviewing the links and feedbacks between climate change and air pollution in Europe // Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2022. V. 10. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.954045.
  161. IPCC Climate change 2001: The scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by J.T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. Van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, C. A. Johnson. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 893 p.
  162. Ito A., Kawamiya M. Potential impact of ocean ecosystem changes due to global warming on marine organic carbon aerosols // Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2010. V. 24. № 1. doı: 10.1029/2009GB003559.
  163. Jaafari J., Naddafi K., Yunesian M., Nabizadeh R., Hassanvand M.S., Shamsipour M., Ghozikali M.G., Shamsollahi H.R., Nazmara S., Yaghmaeian K. The acute effects of short term exposure to particulate matter from natural and anthropogenic sources on inflammation and coagulation markers in healthy young adults // Science of The Total Environment. 2020. V. 735. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139417.
  164. Jaafari J., Naddafi K., Yunesian M., Nabizadeh R., Hassanvand M.S., Shamsipour M., Ghozikali M.G., Nazmara S., Shamsollahi H.R., Yaghmaeian K. Associations between short term exposure to ambient particulate matter from dust storm and anthropogenic sources and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy young adults // Science of The Total Environment. 2021. V. 761. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.
  165. Jaeglé L., Quinn P.K., Bates T.S., Alexander B., Lin J.-T. Global distribution of sea salt aerosols: new constraints from in situ and remote sensing observations // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011. V. 11. P. 3137–3157.
  166. Jaegle L., Quinn P.K., Bates T.S., Alexander B., Lin J.T. Global distribution of sea salt aerosols: new constraints from in situ and remote sensing observations // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011. V. 11. № 7. P. 3137–3157.
  167. Jaffe D., Anderson T., Covert D., Kotchenruther R., Trost B., Danielson J., Simpson W., Berntsen T., Karlsdottir S., Blake D., Harris J., Carmichael G., Uno I. Transport of Asian air pollution to North America // Geophysical Research Letters. 1999. V. 26. P. 711–714.
  168. Jahn L.G., Polen M.J., Jahl L.G., Brubaker T.A., Somers J., Sullivan R.C. Biomass combustion produces ice-active minerals in biomass-burning aerosol and bottom ash // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020. V. 117. № 36. P. 21928‒21937.
  169. Jain P., Castellanos-Acuna D., Coogan S.C.P., Abatzoglou J.T., Flannigan M.D. Observed increases in extreme fire weather driven by atmospheric humidity and temperature // Nature Climate Change. 2022. V. 12. № 1. P. 63–70.
  170. Jenkins S.F., Wilson T., Magill C., Miller V., Stewart C., Blong R., Marzocchi W., Boulton M., Bonadonna C., Costa A. Volcanic ash fall hazard and risk // Global volcanic hazards and risk, edited by S.C. Loughlin, R.S.J. Sparks, S.K. Brown, S.F. Jenkins, C. Vye-Brown. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781316276273.005.
  171. Jeong G.Y. Mineralogy and geochemistry of Asian dust: dependence on migration path, fractionation, and reactions with polluted air // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. V. 20. № 12. P. 7411–7428.
  172. Ji X., Abakumov E., Xi X. Atmosphere–ocean exchange of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Russian Arctic Ocean // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019. V. 19. № 22. P. 13789–13807.
  173. Jickells T.D., Kelly S.D., Baker A.R., Biswas K., Dennis P.F., Spokes L.J., Witt M., Yeatman S.G. Isotopic evidence for a marine ammonia source // Geophysical Research Letters. 2003. V. 30. № 7. P. 359–376.
  174. Johnson B.T. The semidirect aerosol effect: Comparison of a single‐column model with large eddy simulation for marine stratocumulus // Journal of Climate. 2005. V. 18. № 1. P. 119–130.
  175. Johnson B.T., Shine K.P., Forster P.M. The semi-direct aerosol effect: Impact of absorbing aerosols on marine stratocumulus // Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2004. V. 130. P. 1407–1422.
  176. Jolly W.M., Cochrane M.A., Freeborn P.H., Holden Z.A., Brown T.J., Williamson G.J., Bowman, D.M.J.S. Climate-induced variations in global wildfire danger from 1979 to 2013 // Nature Communications. 2015. V. 6. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8537.
  177. Kaiser J.W., Heil A., Andreae M.O., Benedetti A., Chubarova N., Jones L., Morcrette J.J., Razinger M., Schultz M.G., Suttie M., Van Der Werf G.R. Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power // Biogeosciences. 2012. V. 9. P. 527–554.
  178. Kalenderski S., Stenchikov G. High-resolution regional modeling of summertime transport and impact of African dust over the Red Sea and Arabian Peninsula // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2016. V. 121. № 11. doi: 10.1002/2015JD024480.
  179. Kang L., Chen S., Huang J., Zhao S., Ma X., Yuan T., Zhang X., Xie T. The spatial and temporal distributions of absorbing aerosols over East Asia // Remote Sensing. 2017. V. 9. № 10. doi: 10.3390/rs9101050.
  180. Kashima S., Yorifuji T., Suzuki E. Are people with a history of disease more susceptible to a short-term exposure to Asian dust? A case-crossover study among the elderly in Japan // Epidemiology. 2017. V. 28. Supplement. 1. P. S60‒S66.
  181. Kashima S., Yorifuji T., Tsuda T., Eboshida A. Asian dust and daily all-cause or cause-specific mortality in western Japan // Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2012. V. 69. № 12. P. 908‒915.
  182. Kaskaoutis D.G., Dumka U.C., Rashki A., Psiloglou B.E., Gavriil A., Mofidi A., Petrinoli K., Karagiannis D., Kambezidis H.D. Analysis of intense dust storms over the eastern Mediterranean in March 2018: Impact on radiative forcing and Athens air quality //Atmospheric Environment. 2019. V. 209. P. 23–39.
  183. Kaskaoutis D.G., Kambezidis H.D., Jacovides C.P., Steven M.D. Modification of solar radiation components under different atmospheric conditions in the Greater Athens area, Greece // Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 2006. V. 68. № 10. P. 1043–1052.
  184. Keene W.C., Long M.S., Reid J.S., Frossard A.A., Kieber D.J., Maben J.R., Russell L.M., Kinsey J.D., Quinn P.K., Bates T.S. Factors that modulate properties of primary marine aerosol generated from ambient seawater on ships at sea // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2017. V. 122. P. 11961–11990.
  185. Kersten M., Balls P.W., van Enk R.J., Green N., Kramer K.J.M., Kriews M., Monteny F., Zwolsman J.J.G. Background concentrations for metals in the North Sea: Sediment, water, mussels and atmosphere // Circulation and Contaminant Fluxes in the North Sea, edited by J. Sündermann. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 1994. P. 290–316.
  186. Khachatryan L., Dellinger B. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs). 2. Are free hydroxyl radicals generated in aqueous solutions? // Environmental Science & Technology. 2011. V. 45. № 21. P. 9232–9239.
  187. Khachatryan L., Vejerano E., Lomnicki S., Dellinger B. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs). 1. Generation of reactive oxygen species in aqueous solutions // Environmental Science & Technology. 2011. V. 45. № 19. P. 8559–8566.
  188. Kim I.N., Lee K., Gruber N., Karl D.M., Bullister J.L., Yang S., Kim T.W. Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen in the North Pacific Ocean // Science. 2014. V. 346. P. 1102–1106.
  189. Kim Y.H., Warren S.H., Krantz Q.T., King C., Jaskot R., Preston W.T., George B.J., Hays M.D., Landis M.S., Higuchi M., DeMarini D.M., Gilmour M.I. Mutagenicity and lung toxicity of smoldering vs. flaming emissions from various biomass fuels: implications for health effects from wildland fires // Environmental Health Perspectives. 2018. V. 126. № 1. doi: 10.1289/EHP2200.
  190. Klingebiel M., Ghate V.P., Naumann A.K., Ditas F., Pöhlker M.L., Pöhlker C., Kandler K., Konow H., Steven H. Remote sensing of sea salt aerosol below tradewind clouds // Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 2019. V. 76. № 5. P. 1189–1202.
  191. Ko H.-J., Song S.J., Kim J.E., Song J.-M., Cha J.W. Compositional Characteristics of Atmospheric Aerosols during a Consecutive High Concentration Episode in Seoul, Korea // Atmosphere. 2020. V. 11. № 3. doi: 10.3390/atmos11030310.
  192. Kok J.F., Adebiyi A.A., Albani S., Balkanski Y., Checa-Garcia R., Chin M., Colarco P.R., Hamilton D.S., Huang Y., Ito A., Klose M., Leung D.M., Li L., Mahowald N.M., Miller R.L., Obiso V., Pérez García-Pando C., Rocha-Lima A., Wan J.S., Whicker C.A. Improved representation of the global dust cycle using observational constraints on dust properties and abundance // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2021a. V. 21. № 10. P. 8127–8167.
  193. Kok J.F., Adebiyi A.A., Albani S., Balkanski Y., Checa-Garcia R., Chin M., Colarco P.R., Hamilton D.S., Huang Y., Ito A., Klose M., Li L., Mahowald N.M., Miller R.L., Obiso V., García-Pando P.C., Rocha-Lim A., Wan J.S. Contribution of the world's main dust source regions to the global cycle of desert dust // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2021b. V. 21. № 10. P. 8169–8193.
  194. Kokhanovsky A.A. Aerosol optics. light absorption and scattering by particles in the atmosphere. Berlin, New York: Springer, 2008. 146 p.
  195. Kolesnikov M.V., Matveeva I.S., Siroeshkin A.V., Pletenev S.S., Grigoryev A.V., Smirnov A.N., Balyshev A.V., Popov P.I., Ignatchenko A.V., Lapshin V.B. Heavy metals in marine aerosols of the Russian part of the Black sea. Oceanology. 2005. V. 45. № 1. P. 102‒111.
  196. Kollanus V., Tiittanen P., Niemi J.V., Lanki T. Effects of long-range transported air pollution from vegetation fires on daily mortality and hospital admissions in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland // Environmental Research. 2016. V. 151. P. 351‒358.
  197. Korotaeva N.E., Ivanova M.V., Suvorova G.G. Borovskii G.B. The impact of the environmental factors on the photosynthetic activity of common pine (Pinus sylvestris) in spring and in autumn in the region of Eastern Siberia // Journal of Forestry Research. 2018. V. 29. P. 1465–1473. doi: 10.1007/s11676-017-0582-5.
  198. Kozlov V.S., Yausheva E.P., Terpugova S.A., Panchenko M.V., Chernov D.G., Shmargunov V.P. Optical-microphysical properties of smoke haze from Siberia forest fires in summer 2012 // International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2014. V. 35. № 15. P. 5722–5741.
  199. Krupa S.V. Air pollution, people, and plants. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society (APS) Press, 1997. 197 p.
  200. Kuang B.Y., Lin P., Huang X.H.H., Yu J.Z. Sources of humic-like substances in the Pearl River Delta, China: positive matrix factorization analysis of PM2.5 major components and source markers // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2015. V. 15. № 4. P. 1995–2008.
  201. Lakshmi S.V., Padmaja G., Kuppusamy P., Kutala V.K. Oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease // Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2009. V. 46. № 6. P. 421–440.
  202. Laskin A., Laskin J., Nizkorodov S.A. Chemistry of atmospheric brown carbon // Chemical Reviews. 2015. V. 115. № 10. P. 4335–4382.
  203. Le G.E., Breysse P.N., McDermott A., Eftim S.E., Geyh A., Berman J.D., Curriero F.C. Canadian forest fires and the effects of long-range transboundary air pollution on hospitalizations among the elderly // ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2014. V. 3. № 2. P. 713‒731.
  204. Leck C., Bigg E.K. Biogenic particles in the surface microlayer and overlaying atmosphere in the central Arctic Ocean during summer // Tellus B. 2005a. V. 57. № 4. P. 305–316.
  205. Leck C., Bigg E.K. Source and evolution of the marine aerosol ‒ A new perspective // Geophysical Research Letters. 2005b. V. 32. № 19. doi: 10.1029/2005gl023651.
  206. Lee H., Honda Y., Lim Y.H., Guo Y.L., Hashizume M., Kim H. Effect of Asian dust storms on mortality in three Asian cities // Atmospheric Environment. 2014. V. 89. P. 309‒317.
  207. Lelieveld J., Evans J.S., Fnais M., Giannadaki D., Pozzer A. The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale // Nature. 2015. V. 525. № 7569. P. 367–371.
  208. Leone V., Lovreglio R., Martín M.P., Martínez J., Vilar L. Human factors of fire occurrence in the Mediterranean // Earth observation of wildland fires in mediterranean ecosystems, edited by E. Chuvieco. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009. P. 149–170.
  209. Lewis E.R., Schwartz S.E. Sea salt aerosol production: Mechanisms, methods, measurements, and models ‒ A critical review. Geophysical Monograph Series. V. 152. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2004. 413 p.
  210. Lewis E.R.G., Bowers J.R., Barker B.M. Dust devil: the life and times of the fungus that causes valley Fever // PLOS Pathogens. 2015. V. 11. № 5. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004762.
  211. Li Z., Chen L., Li M., Cohen J. Prenatal exposure to sand and dust storms and children’s cognitive function in China: a quasi-experimental study // The Lancet Planetary Health. 2018. V. 5. № 2. P. e214‒e222.
  212. Liao H., Chen W.-T., Seinfeld J.H. Role of climate change in global predictions of future tropospheric ozone and aerosols // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2006. V. 111. № D12. doi: 10.1029/2005JD006852.
  213. Liora N., Markakis K., Poupkou A., Giannaros T.M., Melas D. The Natural Emissions Model (NEMO): Description, application and model evaluation // Atmospheric Environment. 2015. V. 122. P. 493‒504.
  214. Liu J.C., Pereira G., Uhl S.A., Bravo M.A., Bell M.L. A systematic review of the physical health impacts from non-occupational exposure to wildfire smoke // Environmental Research. 2015. V. 136. P. 120‒132.
  215. Liu M., Yang L. A global fire emission dataset using the three-corner hat method (FiTCH) // Earth System Science Data. 2023. doi: 10.5194/essd-2023-150.
  216. Liu X., Chen S., Guo Z., Zhou H., Chen Y., Kang Y., Liu Q., Huang G., Liu T., Chen C., He Q. The influence of dusts on radiation and temperature over the eastern Asia with a regional climate model // Science of The Total Environment. 2021. V. 792. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148351.
  217. Liu Y., Austin E., Xiang J., Gould T., Larson T., Seto E. Health impact assessment of PM2.5 attributable mortality from the September 2020 Washington State Wildfire Smoke Episode // medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.09.19.20197921.
  218. Lohmann U., Feichter J. Global indirect aerosol effects: a review // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2005. V. 5. P. 715–737.
  219. Lomnicki S., Truong H., Vejerano E., Dellinger B. Copper oxide-based model of persistent free radical formation on combustion-derived particulate matter // Environmental Science & Technology. 2008. V. 42. № 13. P. 4982–4988.
  220. Long M.S., Keene W.C., Kieber D.J., Erickson D.J., Maring H. A sea-state based source function for size- and composition-resolved marine aerosol production // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011. V. 11. № 3. P. 1203–1216.
  221. Loughlin S.C., Vye-Brown C., Sparks R.S.J., Brown S.K., Jenkins S. Global volcanic hazards and risk. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Available at http://globalvolcanomodel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Global-Volcanic-Hazards-and-Risk-Full-book-low-res.pdf.
  222. Lund M.T., Nordling K., Gjelsvik A.B., Samset B.H. The influence of variability on fire weather conditions in high latitude regions under present and future global warming // Environmental Research Communications. 2023. V. 5. № 6. doi: 10.1088/2515-7620/acdfad.
  223. Luo C., Mahowald N.M., Corral J.D. Sensitivity study of meteorological parameters on mineral aerosol mobilization, transport, and distribution// Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2003. V. 108. № D15. doi: 10.1029/2003JD003483.
  224. Maghrabi A.H., Al-Dosari A.F. Effects on surface meteorological parameters and radiation levels of a heavy dust storm occurred in Central Arabian Peninsula // Atmospheric Research. 2016. V. 182. P. 30–35.
  225. Magzamen S., Gan R.W., Liu J., O’Dell K., Ford B., Berg K., Bol K., Wilson A., Fischer E.V., Pierce J.R. Differential cardiopulmonary health impacts of local and long-range transport of wildfire smoke // GeoHealth. 2021. V. 5. № 3. doi: 10.1029/2020GH000330.
  226. Mannucci P.M., Harari S., Martinelli I., Franchini M. Effects on health of air pollution: a narrative review // Internal and Emergency Medicine. 2015. V. 10. № 6. P. 657–662.
  227. Mårtensson E.M., Nilsson E. D., de Leeuw G., Cohen L.H., Hansson H.C. Laboratory simulations and parameterization of the primary marine aerosol production // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2003. V. 108. № D9. doi: 10.1029/2002JD002263.
  228. Mason E., Wieser P.E., Liu E.J., Edmonds M., Ilyinskaya E., Whitty R.C.W., Mather T.A., Elias T., Nadeau P.A., Wilkes T.C., McGonigle A.J.S., Pering T.D., Mims F.M., Kern C., Schneider D.J., Oppenheimer C. Volatile metal emissions from volcanic degassing and lava–seawater interactions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii // Communications Earth & Environment. 2021. V. 2. № 79. doi: 10.1038/s43247-021-00145-3.
  229. Mather T.A., Tsanev V.I., Pyle D.M., McGonigle A.J.S., Oppenheimer C., Allen A.G. Characterization and evolution of tropospheric plumes from Lascar and Villarrica volcanoes, Chile // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2004. V. 109. № D21. doi: 10.1029/2004JD004934.
  230. Mather T.A., vol Pyle D.M., Oppenheimer C. Tropospheric volcanic aerosol // Volcanism and the Earth's atmosphere. Geophysical Monograph Series. V. 139, edited by A. Robock, C. Oppenheimer. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. P. 189–212.
  231. Mather T.A., Witt M.L.I., Pyle D.M., Quayle B.M., Aiuppa A., Bagnato E., Martin R.S., Sims K.W.W., Edmonds M., Sutton A.J., Ilyinskaya E. Halogens and trace metal emissions from the ongoing 2008 summit eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii // Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2012. V. 83. P. 292‒323.
  232. Matsuhashi N., Yoshioka T. Endotoxin-free dialysate improves response to erythropoietin in hemodialysis patient // Nephron. 2002. V. 92. № 3. P. 601–604.
  233. McCormic R.A., Ludwig J.H. Climate modifications by atmospheric aerosols // Science. 1967. V. 156. № 3780. P. 1358–1359.
  234. McWhinney R.D., Zhou S., Abbatt J.P.D. Naphthalene SOA: redox activity and naphthoquinone gas-particle partitioning // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2013. V. 13. № 19. P. 9731–9744.
  235. Meloni D., di Sarra A., Monteleone F., Pace G., Piacentino S., Sferlazzo D.M. Seasonal transport patterns of intense Saharan dust events at the Mediterranean island of Lampedusa // Atmospheric Research. 2008. V. 88. № 2. P. 134–148.
  236. Miller J., Böhnisch A., Ludwig R., Brunner M.I. Climate change impacts on regional fire weather in heterogeneous landscapes of central Europe // Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2024. V. 24. P. 411–428.
  237. Miller R.L., Tegen I., Perlwitz J. Surface radiative forcing by soil dust aerosols and the hydrologic cycle // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2004. V. 109. № D4. doi: 10.1029/2003JD004085.
  238. Min P.-K., Kim C.-W., Yun Y.-J., Chang J.-H., Chu J.-K., Lee K.-E., Han J.-Y., Park J.-W., Hong C.-S. Effect of yellow sand on respiratory symptoms and diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow in patients with bronchial asthma // Journal of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2001. V. 21. № 6. P. 1179‒1186.
  239. Miyazaki Y., Kawamura K., Sawano M. Size distributions of organic nitrogen and carbon in remote marine aerosols: Evidence of marine biological origin based on their isotopic ratios // Geophysical Research Letters. 2010. V. 37. № 6. P. 460–472.
  240. Monahan E.C., Spiel D.E., Davidson K.L. A model of marine aerosol generation via whitecaps and wave disruption // Oceanic whitecaps and their role in air–sea exchange processes, edited by E.C. Monahan, G. MacNiocaill. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1986. P. 167–174.
  241. Mori I., Nishikawa M., Tanimura T., Quan H. Change in size distribution and chemical composition of kosa (Asian dust) aerosol during long-range transport // Atmospheric Environment, 2003. V. 37. № 30. P. 4253–4263.
  242. Moune S., Gauthier P.-J., Delmelle P. Trace elements in the particulate phase of the plume of Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua // Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 2010. V. 193. № 3–4. P. 232–244.
  243. Mu H., Battsetseg B., Ito T.Y., Otani S., Onishi K., Kurozawa Y. Health effects of dust storms: subjective eye and respiratory system symptoms in inhabitants in Mongolia // Journal of Environmental Health Sciences. 2011. V. 73. № 8. P. 18‒20.
  244. Murray C.J.L., Aravkin A.Y., Zheng P., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahi M., Abdollahpour I., Abegaz K.H., Abolhassani H., Aboyans V., Abreu Z.-J., Zhao J.T., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhao Y., Zhou M., Ziapour A., Zimsen S.R.M., Brauer M., Afshin A., Lim S.S. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 // Lancet. 2020. V. 396. № 10258. P. 1223–1249.
  245. Myriokefalitakis S., Vignati E., Tsigaridis K., Papadimas C., Sciare J., Mihalopoulos N., Kanakidou M. Global modeling of the oceanic source of organic aerosols // Advances in Meteorology 2010. V. 4. doi: 10.1155/2010/939171.
  246. Newhall C.G., Self S. The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) an Estimate of Explosive Magnitude for Historical Volcanism // Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 1982. V. 87. № C2. P. 1231‒1238.
  247. Ngkelo A., Meja K., Yeadon M., Adcock I., Kirkham P. LPS induced inflammatory responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is mediated through nox4 and gialpha dependent pi-3kinase signaling // Journal of Inflammation. 2012. V. 9. № 1. doi: 10.1186/1476-9255-9-1.
  248. Nishikawa M., Kanamori S., Kanamori N., Mizoguchi T. Kosa aerosol aseolian carrier of anthropogenic material // The Science of the Total Environment. 1991. V. 107. P. 13–27.
  249. Noah T.L., Worden C.P., Rebuli M.E., Jaspers I. The effects of wildfire smoke on asthma and allergy // Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. 2023. V. 23. P. 375–387.
  250. Norris S.J., Brooks I.M., de Leeuw G., Smith M.H., Moerman M., Lingard J.J.N. Eddy covariance measurements of sea spray particles over the Atlantic Ocean // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2008. V. 8. № 3. P. 555–563.
  251. O’Dowd C.D., de Leeuw G. Marine aerosol production: a review of the current knowledge // Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2007. V. 365. P. 1753–1774.
  252. O'Dowd C.D., Smith M.H. Physiochemical properties of aerosols over the northeast Atlantic: Evidence for wind-speed-relatedsubmicron sea-salt aerosol production // Journal of Geophysical Research. 1993. V. 98. № D1. P. 1137–1149.
  253. Oliver R., Ganf G. Freshwater blooms // The ecology of cyanobacteria: Their diversity in time and space, edited by B. Whitton, M. Potts, editors. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, 2002. P. 149–194.
  254. Oppenheimer C., Pyle D.M., Barclay J. Volcanic degassing. Special Publication. № 213. London: Geological Society, 2003. 420 p.
  255. Ozer P. Les lithometeores en region sahelienne // International Journal of Tropical Ecology and Geography. 2001. V. 24. P. 1–317.
  256. Paerl H. Marine plankton // The ecology of cyanobacteria: Their diversity in time and space, edited by B. Whitton, M. Potts, editors. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, 2002. P. 121–148.
  257. Palm B.B., Peng Q., Fredrickson C.D., Lee B.H., Garofalo L.A., Pothier M.A., Kreidenweis S.M., Farmer D.K., Pokhrel R.P., Shen Y., Murphy S.M., Permar W., Hu L., Campos T.L., Hall S.R., Ullmann K., Zhang X., Flocke F., Fischer E.V., Thornton J.A. Quantification of organic aerosol and brown carbon evolution in fresh wildfire plumes // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020. V. 117. № 47. P. 29469‒29477.
  258. Panikkath R., Jumper C.A., Mulkey Z. Multilobar lung infiltrates after exposure to dust storm: the Haboob Lung Syndrome // American Journal of Medicine. 2013. V. 126. № 2. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.08.012.
  259. Partanen T.M., Sofiev M. Forecasting the regional fire radiative power for regularly ignited vegetation fires // Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2022. V. 22. № 4. P. 1335–1346.
  260. Perez L., Tobias A., Querol X., Künzli N., Pey J., Alastuey A., Viana M., Valero N., González-Cabré M., Sunyer J. Coarse particles from Saharan dust and daily mortality // Epidemiology. 2008. V. 19. № 6. P. 800‒807.
  261. Petit J.R., Jouzel J., Raynaud D., Barkov N.I., Barnola J.-M., Basile I., Bender M., Chappellaz J., Davis M., Delaygue G., Delmotte M., Kotlyakov V.M., Legrand M., Lipenkov V.Y., Lorius C., Pépin L., Ritz C., Saltzman E., Stievenard M. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica // Nature. 1999. V. 399. P. 429–436.
  262. Pierce R.H. Red tide (Ptychodiscus brevis) toxin aerosols: A review // Toxicon. 1986. V. 24. № 10. P. 955–965.
  263. Pierce R.H., Henry M.S., Blum P.C., Lyons J., Cheng Y.S., Yazzie D., Zhou Y. Brevetoxin concentrations in marine aerosol: Human exposure levels during aKarenia brevisharmfulnalgal bloom // Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2003. V. 70. № 1. P. 161–165.
  264. Plane J.M.C. Atmospheric chemistry of meteoric metals // Chemical Reviews. 2003. V. 103, № 12. P. 4963‒4984.
  265. Plane J.M.C. Cosmic dust in the Earth’s atmosphere // Chemical Society Reviews. 2012. V. 41. № 19. P. 6507–6518.
  266. Pope C.A., Dockery D.W. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect // Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association. 2006. V. 56. № 6. P. 709–742.
  267. Pradhan B., Ki J.-S. Phytoplankton toxins and their potential therapeutic applications: A journey toward the quest for potent pharmaceuticals // Marine Drugs. 2022. V. 20. № 4. doi: 10.3390/md20040271.
  268. Prather K.A., Bertram T.H., Grassian V.H., Deane G.B., Stokes M.D., DeMott P.J., Aluwihare L.I., Palenik B.P., Azam F., Seinfeld J.H., Moffet R.C., Molina M.J., Cappa C.D., Geiger F.M., Roberts G.C., Russell L.M., Ault A.P., Baltrusaitis J., Collins D.B., Corrigan C.E., Cuadra-Rodriguez L.A., Ebben C.J., Forestieri S.D., Guasco T.L., Hersey S.P., Kim M.J.. Lambert W.F., Modini R.L., Mui W., Pedler B.E., Ruppel M.J., Ryder O.S., Schoepp N.G., Sullivan R.C., Zhao D. Bringing the ocean into the laboratory to probe the chemical complexity of sea spray aerosol // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2013. V. 110. № 19. P. 7550–7555.
  269. Prospero J.M. Long-range transport of mineral dust in the global atmosphere: impact of African dust on the environment of the southeastern United States // Proceedings of the National academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1999. V. 96. № 7. P. 3396–3403.
  270. Prospero J.M., Collard F.‐X., Molinié J., Jeannot A. Characterizing the annual cycle of African dust transport to the Caribbean Basin and South America and its impact on the environment and air quality // Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2014. V. 29. № 7. P. 757–773.
  271. Prospero J.M., Ginoux P., Torres O., Nicholson S.E., Gill T.E. Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product // Reviews of Geophysics. 2002. V. 40. № 1. doi: 10.1029/2000RG000095.
  272. Prospero J.M., Lamb P.J. African droughts and dust transport to the Caribbean: Climate change implications // Science. 2003. V. 302. № 5647. P. 1024–1027.
  273. Qureshi A., MacLeod M., Hungerbühler K. Modeling aerosol suspension from soils and oceans as sources of micropollutants to air // Chemosphere. 2009. V. 77. № 4. P. 495‒500.
  274. Rädlein N., Heumann K.G. Trace analysis of heavy metals in aerosols over the Atlantic ocean from Antarctica to Europe // International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2006. V. 48. P. 127‒150.
  275. Ramanathan V., Crutzen P.J., Lelieveld J., Mitra A.P., Althausen D., Anderson J., Andreae M.O., Cantrell W., Cass G.R., Chung C.E., Clarke A.D., Coakley J.A., Collins W.D., Conant W.C., Dulac F., Heintzenberg J., Heymsfield A.J., Holben B., Howell S., Hudson J., Jayaraman A., Kiehl J.T., Krishnamurti T.N., Lubin D., McFarquhar G., Novakov T., Ogren J.A., Podgorny I.A., Prather K., Priestley K., Prospero J.M., Quinn P.K., Rajeev K., Rasch P., Rupert S., Sadourny R., Satheesh S.K., Shaw G.E., Sheridan P., Valero F.P.J. Indian Ocean Experiment: An integrated analysis of the climate forcing and effects of the great Indo-Asian haze // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2001. V. 106. № D22. P. 28371‒28398.
  276. Rappold A.G., Reyes J., Pouliot G., Cascio W.E., Diaz-Sanchez D. Community vulnerability to health impacts of wildland fire smoke exposure // Environmental Science & Technology. 2017. V. 51. № 12. P. 6674–6682.
  277. Reid E.A., Reid J.S., Meier M.M., Dunlap M.R., Cliff S.S., Broumas A., Perry K., Maring H. Characterization of African dust transported to Puerto Rico by individual particle and size segregated bulk analysis // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2003. V. 108. № D19. doi: 10.1029/2002JD002935.
  278. Reid J.S., Koppmann R., Eck T.F., Eleuterio D.P. A review of biomass burning emissions Part II: Intensive physical properties of biomass burning // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2005. P. 799–825.
  279. Rice M.B., Henderson S.B., Lambert A.A., Cromar K.R., Hall J.A., Cascio W.E., Smith P.G., Marsh B.J., Coefield S., Balmes J.R., Kamal A., Gilmour M.I., Carlsten C., Navarro K.M., Collman G.W., Rappold A., Miller M.D., Stone S.L., Costa D.L. Respiratory impacts of wildland fire smoke: future challenges and policy opportunities. An official American Thoracic Society workshop report // Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2021. V. 18. № 6. P. 921–930.
  280. Richardson D., Black A.S., Irving D., Matear R.J., Monselesan D.P., Risbey J.S., Squire D.T., Tozer C.R. Global increase in wildfire potential from compound fire weather and drought // Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2022. V. 5. № 1. doi: 10.1038/s41612-022-00248-4.
  281. Riquelme G., Sepúlveda J.M., Al Ghumgham Z., del Campo M., Montero C., Lagos N. Neosaxitoxin, a Paralytic Shellfish Poison toxin, effectively manages bucked shins pain, as a local long-acting pain blocker in an equine model // Toxicon. 2018. V. 141. P. 15–17.
  282. Ro C.-U., Hwang H., Kim H., Chun Y., Grieken R.V. Single-particle characterization of four "Asian Dust" samples collected in Korea, using low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis // Environmental Science Technology. 2005. V. 39. № 6. P. 1409–1419.
  283. Rodríguez S., Alastuey A., Alonso-Pérez S., Querol X., Cuevas E., Abreu-Afonso J., Viana M., Pérez N., Pandolfi M., de la Rosa J. Transport of desert dust mixed with North African industrial pollutants in the subtropical Saharan Air Layer // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011. V. 11. № 13. P. 6663–6685.
  284. Rodríguez-Pérez M.C., Ferrer M.E.F., Boada L.D., Pérez A.D.A., Aguilar M.C.D., Jerónimo J.F.F., Talavera I.G., Gangotena L.V., de la Torre A.H., Simbaña-Rivera K., de León A.C. Health impact of the Tajogaite volcano eruption in La Palma population (ISVOLCAN study): rationale, design, and preliminary results from the first 1002 participants // Environmental Health. 2024. V. 23. № 19. doi: 10.1186/s12940-024-01056-4.
  285. Russell L.M., Moore R.H., Burrows S.M. Ocean flux of salt, sulfate, and organic components to atmospheric aerosol // Earth-Science Reviews. 2023. V. 239. doı: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104364.
  286. Saarnio K., Aurela M., Timonen H., Saarikoski S., Teinila K., Makela T., Sofiev M., Koskinen J., Aalto P.P., Kulmala M., Kukkonen J., Hillamo R. Chemical Composition of fine particles in fresh smoke plumes from boreal wild-land Fires in Europe // The Science of The Total Environment. 2010. V. 408. № 12. P. 2527–2542.
  287. Sajani S.Z., Miglio R., Bonasoni P., Cristofanelli P., Marinoni A., Sartini C., Goldoni C.A., De Girolamo G., Lauriolaet P. Saharan dust and daily mortality in Emilia-Romagna (Italy) // Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011. V. 68. № 6. P. 446‒451.
  288. Sakerin S.M., Kabanov D.M., Makarov V.I., Polkin V.V., Popova S.A., Chankina O.V., Pochufarov A.O., Radionov V.F., Rize D.D. Spatial distribution of atmospheric aerosol physicochemical characteristics in Russian sector of the Arctic Ocean // Atmosphere. 2020. V. 11. № 11. doi: 10.3390/atmos11111170.
  289. Salomons W., Bayne B.L., Duursma E.K., Förstner U. Pollution of the North Sea: An Assessment Softcover. 1st ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 1988. 698 p.
  290. Salter M.E., Nilsson E. D., Butcher A., Bilde M. On the seawater temperature dependence of the sea spray aerosol generated by a continuous plunging jet // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2014. V. 119. № 14. P. 9052–9072.
  291. Samburova V., Connolly J., Gyawali M., Yatavelli R.L.N., Watts A.C., Chakrabarty R.K., Zielinska B., Moosmüller H., Khlystov A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biomass-burning emissions and their contribution to light absorption and aerosol toxicity // Science of The Total Environment. 2016. V. 568. P. 391‒401.
  292. Samoli E., Kougea E., Kassomenos P., Analitis A., Katsouyanni K. Does the presence of desert dust modify the effect of PM10 on mortality in Athens, Greece? // Science of The Total Environment. 2011. V. 409. № 11. P. 2049‒2054.
  293. Sapkota A., Symons J.M., Kleissl J., Wang L., Parlange M.B., Ondov J., Breysse P.N., Diette G.B., Eggleston P.A., Buckley T. J. Impact of the 2002 Canadian forest fires on particulate matter air quality in Baltimore city // Environmental Science and Technology. 2005. V. 39. № 1. P. 24–32.
  294. Sassen K. Indirect climate forcing over the western US from Asian dust storms // Geophysical Research Letters. 2002. V. 29. doi: 10.1029/2001GL014051.
  295. Satheesh S.K., Moorthy K.K. Radiative effects of natural aerosols: a review // Atmospheric Environment. 2005. V. 39. № 11. P. 2089‒2110.
  296. Schieber M., Chandel N.S. ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress // Current Biology. 2014. V. 24. № 10. P. R453–R462.
  297. Schmidt A., Leadbetter S., Theys N., Carboni E., Witham C.S., Stevenson J.A., Birch C.E., Thordarson T., Turnock S., Barsotti S., Delaney L., Feng W., Grainger R.G., Hort M.C., Höskuldsson Á., Ialongo I., Ilyinskaya E., Jóhannsson T., Kenny P., Mather T.A., Richards N.A.D., Shepherd J. Satellite detection, long-range transport and air quality impacts of volcanic sulfur dioxide from the 2014–15 flood lava eruption at Bárðarbunga (Iceland) // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2015. V. 120. doi: 10.1002/2015JD023638.
  298. Schmidt A., Ostro B., Carslaw K.S., Wilson M., Thordarson T., Mann G.W., Simmons A.J. Excess mortality in Europe following a future Laki-style Icelandic eruption // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2011. V. 108. № 38. P. 15710–15715.
  299. Schraufnagel D.E., Balmes J.R., Cowl C.T., De Matteis S., Jung S.-H., Mortimer K., Perez–Padilla R., Rice M.B., Riojas-Rodriguez H., Sood A., Thurston G.D., To T., Vanker A., Wuebbles D.J. Air pollution and noncommunicable diseases: a review by the forum of international respiratory societies’ environmental committee, Part 1: The damaging effects of air pollution // Chest. 2019. V. 155. № 2. P. 409–416.
  300. Schulz M., Chin M., Kinne S. The aerosol model comparison project, AeroCom, phase II: Clearing up diversity // IGACtivities Newsletter. 2009. № 41. P. 2–11.
  301. Schulz M., Textor C., Kinne S., Balkanski Y., Bauer S., Berntsen T., Berglen T., Boucher O., Dentener F., Guibert S., Isaksen I., Iversen T., Koch D., Kirkevag A., Liu X., Montanaro V., Myhre G., Penner J., Pitari G., Reddy S., Seland Ø., Stier P., Takemura T. Radiative forcing by aerosols as derived from the AeroCom present-day and pre-industrial simulations // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2006. V. 6. № 12. P. 5225–5246.
  302. Seinfeld J.H., Pandis S.N. Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change, 2nd edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2006. 1225 p.
  303. Self S. The effects and consequences of very large explosive volcanic eruptions // Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2006. V. 364. P. 2073–2097. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2006.1814.
  304. Seposo X., Kondo M., Ueda K., Honda Y., Michikawa T., Yamazaki S., Nitta H. Health impact assessment of PM2.5-related mitigation scenarios using local risk coefficient estimates in 9 Japanese cities // Environment International. 2018. V. 120. P. 525‒534.
  305. Shevchenko V., Lisitzin A., Vinogradova A., Stein R. Heavy metals in aerosols over the seas of the Russian Arctic // Science of the Total Environment. 2003. V. 306. P. 11–25.
  306. Shiraiwa M., Ueda K., Pozzer A., Lammel G., Kampf C.J., Fushimi A., Enami S., Arangio A.M., Fröhlich-Nowoisky J., Fujitani Y., Furuyama A., Lakey P.S.J., Lelieveld J., Lucas K., Morino Y., Pöschl U., Takahama S., Takami A., Tong H., Weber B., Yoshino A., Sato K. Aerosol health effects from molecular to global scales // Environmental Science & Technology. 2023. V. 51. № 23. P. 13545–13567.
  307. Sigmund G., Santín C., Pignitter M., Tepe N., Doerr S.H., Hofmann T. Environmentally persistent free radicals are ubiquitous in wildfire charcoals and remain stable for years // Communications Earth & Environment. 2021. V. 2. № 68. doi: 10.1038/s43247-021-00138-2.
  308. Singh S. Forest fire emissions: a contribution to global climate change // Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 2022. V. 5. doi: 10.3389/ffgc.2022.925480.
  309. Singh S., Johnson G., Kavouras I.G. The effect of transportation and wildfires on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PM2.5 mass in the New York-New Jersey metropolitan statistical area // Environmental Health Insights. 2022. V. 16. doi: 10.1177/11786302221104016.
  310. Sofiev M., Soares J., Prank M., de Leeuw G., Kukkonen J. A regional-to-global model of emission and transport of sea salt particles in the atmosphere // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2011. V. 116. № D21. doi: 10.1029/2010JD014713.
  311. Song S.K., Shon Z.H., Choi Y.N., Son Y.B., Kang M., Han S.-B., Bae M.-S. Global trend analysis in primary and secondary production of marine aerosol and aerosol optical depth during 2000–2015 // Chemosphere. 2019. V. 224. P. 417‒427.
  312. Spaulding K.M. The effects of aerosolized brevetoxin exposure on the human respiratory system // International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities. 2009. V. 6. P. 1. P. 64‒71.
  313. Spracklen D.V., Arnold S.R., Sciare J., Carslaw K.S., Pio C. Globally significant oceanic source of organic carbon aerosol // Geophysical Research Letters. 2008. V. 35. № 12. P. 711–714.
  314. Squadrito G.L., Cueto R., Dellinger B., Pryor W.A. Quinoid redox cycling as a mechanism for sustained free radical generation by inhaled airborne particulate matter // Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2001. V. 31. № 9. P. 1132–1138.
  315. Stohl A., Prata A.J., Eckhardt S., Clarisse L., Durant A., Henne S., Kristiansen N.I., Minikin A., Schumann U., Seibert P., Stebel K., Thomas H.E., Thorsteinsson T., Tørseth K., Weinzierl B. Determination of time- and height-resolved volcanic ash emissions and their use for quantitative ash dispersion modeling: the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011. V. 11. № 9. P. 4333–4351.
  316. Stoiber R.E., Williams S.N., Huebert B. Annual contribution of sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere by volcanoes // Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 1987. V. 33. P. 1–8.
  317. Stoll L.L., Denning G.M., Weintraub N.L. Potential role of endotoxin as a proinflammatory mediator of atherosclerosis // Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2004. V. 24. № 12. P. 2227–2236.
  318. Storey M.A., Price O.F. Statistical modelling of air quality impacts from individual forest fires in New South Wales, Australia // Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2022. V. 22. № 124. P. 4039–4062.
  319. Sun J., Zhang M.Y., Liu T.S. Spatial and temporal characteristics of dust storms in China and its surrounding regions, 1960–1999: Relations to source area and climate // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2001. V. 106. № D10. P. 10325–10333.
  320. Sweet M.J., Hume D.A. Endotoxin signal transduction in macrophages // Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 1996. V. 60. № 1. P. 8–26.
  321. Tam E., Miike R., Labrenz S., Sutton A.J., Elias T., Davis J., Chen Y.-L., Tantisira K., Dockery D., Avol E. Volcanic air pollution over the Island of Hawai'i: emissions, dispersal, and composition. Association with respiratory symptoms and lung function in Hawai'i Island school children // Environment International. 2016. V. 92–93. P. 543–552.
  322. Tanaka T.Y., Chiba M. A numerical study of the contributions of dust source regions to the global dust budget // Global and Planetary Change. 2006. V. 52. № 1. P. 88‒104.
  323. Tegen I., Fung I. Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land source modification // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 1995. V. 100. № D9. P. 18707–18726.
  324. Tegen I., Werner M., Harrison S.P., Kohfeld K.E. Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emission // Geophysical Research Letters. 2004. V. 31. doi: 10.1029/ 2003GL019216.
  325. Textor C., Schulz M., Guibert S., Kinne S., Balkanski Y., Bauer S., Berntsen T., Berglen T., Boucher O., Chin M., Dentener F., Diehl T., Easter R., Feichter H., Fillmore D., Ghan S., Ginoux P., Gong S., Grini A., Hendricks J., Horowitz L., Huang P., Isaksen I., Iversen I., Kloster S., Koch D., Kirkevåg A., Kristjansson J.E., Krol M., Lauer A., Lamarque J.F., Liu X., Montanaro V., Myhre G., Penner J., Pitari G., Reddy S., Seland Ø., Stier P., Takemura T., Tie X. Analysis and quantification of the diversities of aerosol life cycles within AeroCom // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2006. V. 6. P. 1777–1813.
  326. Thalib L., Al-Taiar A. Dust storms and the risk of asthma admissions to hospitals in Kuwait // Science of The Total Environment. 2021. V. 433. P. 347‒351.
  327. Tomshin O.A., Solovyev V.S. The impact of large-scale forest fires on atmospheric aerosol characteristics // International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2014. V. 35. № 15. P. 5742–5749.
  328. Tong D.Q., Wang J.X.L., Gill T.E., Lei H., Wang B. Intensified dust storm activity and valley fever infection in the southwestern United States // Geophysical Research Letters. 2017. V. 44. № 9. P. 4304–4312.
  329. Tong H., Arangio A.M., Lakey P.S.J., Berkemeier T., Liu F., Kampf C.J., Brune W.H., Pöschl U., Shiraiwa M. Hydroxyl radicals from secondary organic aerosol decomposition in water // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. V. 16. № 3. P. 1761–1771.
  330. Tong H., Lakey P.S.J., Arangio A.M., Socorro J., Shen F., Lucas K., Brune W.H., Pöschl U., Shiraiwa M. Reactive oxygen species formed by secondary organic aerosols in water and surrogate lung fluid // Environmental Science & Technology. 2018. V. 52. № 20. P. 11642–11651.
  331. Trianti S.M., Samoli E., Rodopoulou S., Katsouyanni K., Papiris S.A., Karakatsani A. Desert dust outbreaks and respiratory morbidity in Athens, Greece // Environmental Health. 2017. V. 16. doi: 10.1186/s12940-017-0281-x.
  332. Trueblood J.V., Wang X., Or V.W., Alves M.R., Santander M.V., Prather K.A., Grassian V.H. The old and the new: aging of sea spray aerosol and formation of secondary marine aerosol through OH oxidation reactions // ACS Earth and Space Chemistry. 2019. V. 3. № 10. P. 2307–2314.
  333. Tsigaridis K., Koch D., Menon S. Uncertainties and importance of sea spray composition on aerosol direct and indirect effects // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2013. V. 118. № 1. P. 220–235.
  334. Tuohy A., Bertler N., Neff P., Edwards R., Emanuelsson D., Beers T., Mayewski P. Transport and deposition of heavy metals in the Ross Sea Region, Antarctica // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. V. 120. № 20. P. 10996‒11011.
  335. Turco R.P., Toon O.B., Hamill P., Whitten R.C. Effects of meteoric debris on stratospheric aerosols and gases // Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 1981. V. 86. № C2. P. 1113–1128.
  336. Twomey S. Pollution and the planetary albedo // Atmospheric Environment. 1974. V. 8. № 12. P. 1251–1256.
  337. Twomey S. The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds // Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 1977. V. 34. № 7. P. 1149–1152.
  338. Ueda K., Nitta H., Odajima H. The effects of weather, air pollutants, and Asian dust on hospitalization for asthma in Fukuoka // Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 2010. V. 15. P. 6. P. 350‒357.
  339. Umann B., Arnold F., Schaal C., Hanke M., Uecker J., Aufmhoff H., Balkanski Y., Van Dingenen R. Interaction of mineral dust with gas phase nitric acid and sulfur dioxide during the MINATROC II field campaign: First estimate of the uptake coefficient from atmospheric data // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2005. V. 110. № D22. doi: 10.1029/2005JD005906.
  340. Uno I., Eguchi K., Yumimoto K., Takemura T., Shimizu A., Uematsu M., Liu Z., Wang Z., Hara Y., Sugimoto N. Asian dust transported one full circuit around the globe // Nature Geoscience. 2009. V. 2. P. 557–560.
  341. Van Dolah F.M. Marine algal toxins: Origins, health effects, and their increased occurrence. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2000. V. 108. № 1. P. 133–141. doi: 10.1289/ehp.00108s1133.
  342. Viana M., Kuhlbusch T.A.J., Querol X., Alastuey A., Harrison R.M., Hopke P.K., Winiwarter W., Vallius M., Szidat S., Prévôt A.S.H., Hueglin C., Bloemen H., Wåhlin P., Vecchi R., Miranda A.I., Kasper-Giebl A., Maenhaut W., Hitzenberger R. Source apportionment of particulate matter in Europe: A review of methods and results // Journal of Aerosol Science. 2008. V. 39. № 10. P. 827–849.
  343. Viel J.F., Mallet Y., Raghoumandan C., Quénel P., Kadhel P., Rouget F., Multigner L. Impact of Saharan dust episodes on preterm births in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) // Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2019. V. 76. № 5. P. 336‒340.
  344. Vignati E., Facchini M.C., Rinaldi M., Scannell C., Ceburnis D., Sciare J., O’Dowd C.D. Global scale emission and distribution of sea-spray aerosol: sea-salt and organic enrichment // Atmospheric Environment. 2010. V. 44. № 5. P. 670–677.
  345. Völkening J., Heumann K.G. Heavy metals in the near-surface aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean from 60° south to 54° north // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 1990. V. 95. № D12. P. 20623‒20632.
  346. Wang L., Qi J.H., Shi J.H., Chen X.J., Gao H.W. Source apportionment of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere over the Northern Yellow Sea // Atmospheric Environment. 2013. V. 70. P. 425–434.
  347. Wang Q., Saturno J., Chi X., Walter D., Lavric J.V., Moran-Zuloaga D., Ditas F., Pöhlker C., Brito J., Carbone S., Artaxo P., Andreae M.O. Modeling investigation of light-absorbing aerosols in the Amazonn Basin during the wet season // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. V. 16. № 22. P. 14775–14794.
  348. Wang Y., Zhuang G., Sun Y., An Z. Water-soluble part of the aerosol in the dust storm season—Evidence of the mixing between mineral and pollution aerosols // Atmospheric Environment. 2005. V. 39. № 37. P. 7020–7029.
  349. Washington R., Todd M., Middleton N.J., Goudie A.S. Dust storm source areas determined by the Total Ozone Monitoring Spectrometer and surface observations // Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 2003. V. 93. № 2. P. 297–313.
  350. Wegesser T.C., Franzi L.M., Mitloehner F.M., Eiguren-Fernandez A., Last J.A. Lung antioxidant and cytokine responses to coarse and fine particulate matter from the great California wildfires of 2008 // Inhalation Toxicology. 2010. V. 22. № 7. P. 561–570.
  351. Wegesser T.C., Pinkerton K.E., Last J.A. California wildfires of 2008: coarse and fine particulate matter toxicity // Environmental Health Perspectives. 2009. V. 117. № 6. P. 893–897.
  352. Wei J., Fang T., Lakey P.S.J., Shiraiwa M. Iron-facilitated organic radical formation from secondary organic aerosols in surrogate lung fluid // Environmental Science & Technology. 2021. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04334.
  353. Wen L.S., Jiann K.T., Santschi P.H. Physicochemical speciation of bioactive trace metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni) in the oligotrophic South China Sea // Marine Chemistry. 2006. V. 101. P. 104–129.
  354. Werner M., Tegen I., Harrison S.P., Kohfeld K.E., Prentice I.C., Balkanski Y., Rodhe H., Roelandt C. Seasonal and interannual variability of the mineral dust cycle under present and glacial climate conditions // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2002. V. 107. № D4. doi: 10.1029/2002JD002365.
  355. Westervelt D.M., Moore R.H., Nenes A., Adams P.J. Effect of primary organic sea spray emissions on cloud condensation nuclei concentrations // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2012. V. 12. № 1. P. 89–101.
  356. Witek M.L., Flatau P.J., Quinn P.K., Westphal D.L. Global sea-salt modeling: Results and validation against multicampaign shipboard measurements // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2007. V. 112. № D8. doi: 10.1029/2006JD007779.
  357. Witt M., Baker A.R., Jickells T.D. Atmospheric trace metals over the Atlantic and South Indian Oceans: Investigation of metal concentrations and lead isotope ratios in coastal and remote marine aerosols // Atmospheric Environment. 2006. V. 40. P. 5435‒5451. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.041.
  358. Wu C., Lin Z., Liu X. The global dust cycle and uncertainty in CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5) models // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. V. 20. № 17. P. 10401–10425. doi: 10.5194/acp-20-10401-2020.
  359. Xiao H.W., Xiao H.Y., Luo L., Shen C.Y., Long A.M., Chen L., Long Z.H., Li D.N. Atmospheric aerosol compositions over the South China Sea: temporal variability and source apportionment // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017. V. 17. № 4. P. 3199–3214.
  360. Xiong J., Zhao T., Bai Y., Liu Y., Han Y., Guo C. Climate characteristics of dust aerosol and its transport in major global dust source regions // Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 2020. V. 209. doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105415.
  361. Xu L., Zhu Q., Riley W.J., Chen Y., Wang H., Ma P.-L., Randerson J.T. The influence of fire aerosols on surface climate and gross primary production in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) // Journal of Climate. 2021. V. 34. P. 7219–7238.
  362. Xu R., Yu P., Abramson M.J., Johnston F.H., Samet J.M., Bell M.L., Haines A., Ebi K.L., Li S., Guo Y. Wildfires, global climate change, and human health // The New England Journal of Medicine. 2020. V. 383. № 22. P. 2173‒2181.
  363. Yashnik S.A., Ismagilov Z.R. Problems of the soot formation in exhausts of internal combustion engines. Soot abatement by oxidation on Cu-containing ZSM-5 catalysts (Minireview) // Химия в интересах устойчивого развития. 2016. Т. 24. С. 529–543.
  364. Ye T., Guo Y., Chen G., Yue X., Xu R., Coêlho M.S.Z.S., Saldiva P.H.N., Zhao Q., Li S. Risk and burden of hospital admissions associated with wildfire-related PM(2.5) in Brazil, 2000-15: a nationwide time-series study // The Lancet Planetary Health. 2021. V. 5. № 9. P. E599‒E607. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00173-X.
  365. Yin S., Wang X., Zhang X., Guo M., Miura M., Xiao Y. Influence of biomass burning on local air pollution in mainland Southeast Asia from 2001 to 2016 // Environmental Pollution. 2019. V. 254. doi: 10.1016/ j.envpol.2019.07.117.
  366. Yu Y., Zou W., Jerrett M., Meng Y.-Y. Acute health impact of wildfire-related and conventional PM2.5 in the United States: a narrative review // Environmental Advances. 2023. V. 12. doi: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100179.
  367. Zelenski M., Taran Y., Galle B. High emission rate of sulfuric acid from Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka // Geophysical Research Letters. 2015. V. 42. P. 7005–7013.
  368. Zelenski M.E., Fischer T., de Moor J.M., Marty B., Zimmermann L., Ayalew D., Nekrasov A., Karandashev V. Trace elements in the gas emissions from the Erta Ale volcano, Afar, Ethiopia // Chemical Geology. 2013. V. 357. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.022.
  369. Zender C.S., Miller R.L., Tegen I. Quantifying mineral dust mass budgets: Terminology, constraints, and current estimates // EOS. 2004. V. 85. № 48. P. 509‒512.
  370. Zhang M., Chen J.M., Wang T., Cheng T.T., Lin L., Bhatia R.S., Havey M. Chemical characterization of aerosols over the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean during two cruises in 2007 and 2008 // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2010. V. 115. № D22. P. 1842–1851.
  371. Zhang R.J., Han Z., Shen Z., Cao J. Continuous measurement of number concentrations and elemental composition of aerosol particles for a dust storm event in Beijing // Advances in Atmospheric Sciences. 2008. V. 25. № 1. P. 89–95.
  372. Zhang X., Zhao L., Tong D.Q., Wu G., Dan M., Teng B. A systematic review of global desert dust and associated human health effects // Atmosphere. 2016. V. 7. № 12. doi: 10.3390/atmos7120158.
  373. Zhang X.Y., Arimoto R., An Z.S. Dust emission from Chinese desert sources linked to variations in atmospheric circulation // Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 1997. V. 102. № D23. P. 28041–28047.
  374. Zhang Y., Carmichael G.R. The role of mineral aerosol in tropospheric chemistry in East Asia ‒ A model study // Journal of Applied Meteorology. 1999. V. 38. № 3. P. 353‒366.
  375. Zhang Y., Sunwoo Y., Carmichael G.R., Kotamarthi V. Photochemical oxidant processes in the presence of dust: an evaluation of the impact of dust on particulate nitrate and ozone formation // Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 1994. V. 33. № 7. P. 813–824.
  376. Zhao J., Ma X., Wu S., Sha T. Dust emission and transport in northwest China: WRF-chem simulation and comparisons with multi-sensor observations // Atmospheric Research. 2020. V. 241. doi:10.1016/ j.atmosres.2020.104978.
  377. Zhou X., Josey K., Kamareddine L., Caine M. C., Liu T., Mickley L.J., Cooper M., Dominici F. Excess of COVID-19 cases and deaths due to fine particulate matter exposure during the 2020 wildfires in the United States // Science Advances. 2021. V. 7. № 33. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abi8789.
  378. Zhuravleva N.V., Khabibulina E.R., Ismagilov Z.R., Efimova O.S., Osokina A.A., Potokina R.R. Chemical and granulometric composition of particles of solid atmospheric aerosol including black carbon in the snowpack on the territory of the industrial zone of Novokuznetsk city // Химия в интересах устойчивого развития. 2016. Т. 24. С. 509–519.
  379. Zook H.A. Spacecraft measurements of the cosmic dust flux // Accretion of extraterrestrial matter throughout Earth’s history, edited by B. Peucker–Ehrenbrink, B. Schmitz. New York: Springer US, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2001. P. 75–92.

Қосымша файлдар

Қосымша файлдар
Әрекет
1. JATS XML
Жүктеу


Creative Commons License
Бұл мақала лицензия бойынша қол жетімді Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».