Modern ideas about the structural and functional features of the "shock lung"

At present, mechanical and thermal injuries play an important role in the structure of mortality and lethality of the most able-bodied population. This is largely due to the development of multisystem or multiple organ failure after shock damage [20, 24]. One should agree with the opinion of Yu. Shuteu et al. [21] that among the vital organs, the damage of which is of decisive importance in the evolution of shock, the lungs have a primary role. According to numerous literature data, the involvement of the lungs in the pathological process increases the possibility of death in various types of shock from 25.5% to 85-90% [15, 34]. The totality of structural and functional changes in the lung that occur after exposure to the body of extreme factors is designated in the literature by various terms, most often as "acute respiratory failure syndrome", which in foreign literature corresponds to the name "adult respiratory distress syndrome", and in our country - "adult respiratory distress syndrome"(ARDS). In the literature, there are also such definitions of this condition as "wet (wet) lung", "water lung", "perfusion lung syndrome", "respiratory disorders syndrome", "Da Nang lung", "congestive atelectasis", "shock lung" or "lung with shock”, etc. Such an abundance of terms is caused by the often contradictory approach of researchers to the assessment of morphological and functional changes that occur in the lungs at various stages of extreme conditions.