Occupational allergic diseases in the Samara region: features and problems

Aim. Improving the system of identifying occupational allergic diseases based on the anaysis of the features of occupational allergic morbidity in the Samara region for the period from 2005 to 2014.

Methods. Comprehensive retrospective study of occupational allergic morbidity in the Samara region was carried out on the data from 3229 occupational diseases (poisoning) registry cards including 278 occupational allergic diseases registry cards, as well as 262 acts on cases of occupational diseases. Obtained data were compared to the official data of the Federal budgetary healthcare institution «Federal center of hygiene and epidemiology» of Rospotrebnadzor and the reports of the Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Samara region «On the sanitary-epidemiological welfare of population» for the relevant years.

Results. The proportion of occupational allergic diseases in the Samara region is in average 7.68±1.03% of all newly diagnosed cases of occupational diseases varying from 12.25% in 2005 to 3.22% in 2013, exceeding the same indicator across Russia. In the structure of occupational allergic diseases the most common nosological forms were revealed: bronchial asthma - 37.86%, allergic rhinitis - 25.07%, allergic (atopic) dermatitis - 7.93%, eczema - 7.68%. In 78.38% of cases the priority allergens in the region were chemical allergens: formaldehyde, chromium, nickel, molybdenum and other metals compounds, antibiotics, disinfectants, chlorine and synthetic detergents and others. 38.07% of cases of occupational allergic diseases were found to be registered in Samara, 26.15% of cases - in Tolyatti, and 5.50% of cases - in Otradnoye in the Samara region. The proportion of occupational allergic diseases found at periodic medical examinations was in average 29.31±4.5%.

Conclusion. The identified features of occupational allergic morbidity in the Samara region show the necessity to improve the organization and conduct of preventive measures, periodic medical examinations as well as further development of the regulatory framework.