Possibilities of using ambazone (Faringosept) in infectious and inflammatory diseases of oropharynx. A review

The incidence of acute respiratory infections has remained the same for decades. About 70–80 thousand cases per 100 thousand children are registered annually in the Russian Federation, which is 3.3 times higher than in adults. For the last reporting year, 2022, the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) was almost twice the long-term average. Influenza is a highly contagious severe respiratory infection, the incidence of which peaked in December 2022. At the beginning of the epidemic season, influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 viruses prevailed, and then they were joined by influenza B viruses with more severe disease than in previous years. Compared to 2021, the number of reported cases is 4 times higher, twice the long-term average. Most respiratory viral infections, having their specific features, involve the nasal mucosa and oropharynx and manifest with sore throat, rhinitis, cough, and fever. The study of the oral and pharyngeal microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that in patients with ARVI, there is a significant decrease in the α-diversity of bacteria and the loss of a healthy basic microbiota, in particular anaerobes and Prevotella spp. At the same time, eight respiratory pathogens were identified, including Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, lichen pigmentosa and Corynebacterium propinquum/pseudodiphtheriticum, which commonly cause bacterial complications, especially in children with frequent respiratory infections. The article addresses the treatment of ARVI and tonsillopharyngitis in children following clinical guidelines and the prospects of using topical agents for inflammation of the oropharynx in children.