This article is an attempt to solve three interrelated tasks. Firstly, to show up the circumstances and reasons why the concept and notion of dialogue and dialogism, in Bakhtin and elsewhere, have lost their initial meaning and actuality after the end of the New Times, i. e. in the 21st century. Secondly, this very situation in the socio-cultural and scientific (scholarly) spheres seems to give us an opportunity to pose anew the old question of the so-called Bakhtin studies, namely: “Where did Bakhtin come from?” Thirdly, the recent move in the Bakhtin studies in the direction of the philosophical origins of his thinking allows us, it seems, to approach Bakhtin’s early texts (between 1919 and 1924) not only as a project in itself, but as a dynamic strategic idea of his work or authority. Moreover, this starting point, seems to give an access to the so-called neue Denken (“new thinking”) in the work of Bakhtin’s Western contemporaries (primarily and mostly in Germany). For, with his early transformation of the Western traditional philosophy of the New Times, with his programmatic concepts of “participative thinking” and “participative autonomy”, Bakhtin, in fact, participated (quite nationally and individually) in the similar transformation of traditional philosophy into a creation of the new paradigm of the “first philosophy”.