Worldview Reasons for the Evolution of the Image of the Past (XIX-XXI Centuries)

A retrospective analysis of the historiography of the 19th-20th centuries. shows that in different epochs historians created the image of the past in different ways. The purpose of this article is to consider the reasons for the evolution of historical writing from the standpoint of an idealistic approach. The image of the past created as a part of the picture of the world within the framework of this approach, therefore the way of its construction directly depends on the main ideological ideas. When the worldview changes, the way of creating the past and its image also changes, as an integral part of the picture of the world. In the 19th century a classical model of historical research was created, within the framework of the scientific worldview. This way of creating the past forms several heterogeneous ideological currents, which are united by the belief in the existence of a single natural and human world, subject to the same laws, belief in the objectivity of the past, and applicability to the history of the methods of natural science. The crisis of science at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries destroyed the old picture of the world and image of the past changed. The new image created on the basis of a non-classical model of historical research. It is characterized by the opposition of nature and culture, as well as the constantly increasing role of man as the subject and object of history. Within the framework of non-classical historical writing, the idea of constructing the past is being developed. The historian turns from an observer describing historical events into their creator. Linguistics was chosen by some philosophers as the theoretical basis for creating the image of history in the second half of the twentieth century. Postmodernists have reduced history to a huge text that exists outside the historian and is at the same time the result of his activities. The study showed that it is the changes in the worldview that underlie the evolution of the image of the past.

worldview and history, idealistic approach to history, image of the past, evolution of historiography, creation of the past