The main milestones in the formation and development of agricultural science in Russia (on the 95th anniversary of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

The article describes the main stages of development of agricultural science in Russia, starting with the works of Lomonosov M. V. and up to the present day. During this period, from individual fundamental studies of outstanding scientists devoted to soil formation, nutrition and photosynthesis of plants, a well-organised system of research institutions was formed, which included 255 research institutions, 51 selection centres for plant growing and livestock breeding, biotechnological and technological centres. More than 14.5 thousand researchers worked in research institutions, half of whom were doctors and candidates of science. The modern Department of Agricultural Sciences unites 287 members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, including 161 academicians and 126 corresponding members. Under their scientific and methodological guidance and direct participation, fundamental and exploratory research is carried out based on scientific and educational institutions subordinate to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia and the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia. The efforts of the department’s scientists make it possible to annually create about 300 new competitive varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops that are not inferior to world analogues in terms of yield and product quality, about 10 new breeds, types, lines and crosses of animals and poultry, insects and aquaculture, develop about 170 new and improved technologies and technological processes for the production of agricultural raw materials; at least 120 technological methods and techniques for the production of agricultural products; 60…70 units of machines, devices and equipment, 8…10 vaccines, 12…15 preparations and disinfectants; 7…9 biochemical plant protection products.