ISSN (online): 2409-8698 Founder: NB-Media Ltd. Editor-in-Chief: Yukhnova Irina S., Doctor of Sc., Full Professor Frequency / Assess: 12 issues per year / Open Included in: Higher Attestation Commission list, RISC
Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Etymology and Historical-Cultural Context
Medicine is one of the oldest and at the same time one of the most dynamically developing fields, having undergone an evolutionary path from magic to modern high-tech science over many millennia. The vocabulary of this sphere is the focus of attention for researchers in terminology. The subject of this study is the traditional terminological units of medical concepts from ancient China and their translation into Russian. The purpose of this work is to analyze the ways of word formation and semantics of the terms of the Cultural Circle of the Yellow River, represented in the fundamental work "The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine." The layer of traditional Chinese medical terms presented in "The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine" is of interest. Various methods have been applied for material selection and research, including text analysis, etymological analysis, semantic analysis, and the study of scientific literature. The methodological foundation of the research consists of the works of Soviet and Russian scholars in terminology, who have formed an understanding of the special lexeme and its properties. The research also considers the studies of Chinese scholars on this issue. As a result of the terminology analysis, it was established that the conceptual picture of medical knowledge in ancient China is permeated by the idea of the unity of the world and man, which is reflected in the naming of the components of medicinal preparations by analogy with the hierarchical structure of society. The philosophical concept of the cosmos as Yin and Yang, as well as the teachings on the life energy Qi, had a direct influence on the formation of the terminological system of the Cultural Circle of the Yellow River, resulting in the emergence of compound terms representing a series of names for human organs designated by a single word. The novelty of the research lies in the application of an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of traditional Chinese medicine terms, which reflect both practical healing experience and philosophical views on the structure of the world. For the first time, compound terms have been described, representing a unique experience of understanding the physiological processes of a living organism. The conducted research led to the following conclusions: equivalent and non-equivalent terminological units such as Yin, Yang, and Qi were identified, the translation of which requires linguocultural commentary; a terminological model of the mutual generation and overcoming of the five elements—fire (火), water (水), wood (木), metal (金), and earth (土), which relate to internal organs, emotions, and disease symptoms, was presented.
Copyright (c) 2025 Perfilieva N.V., Feng W., Galankina I.I.
The Problem of the Narrator in Chinese Narratology: The Evolution of Narrative Perspective in Chinese Literature
The subject of this research is the category of narrator within the framework of Chinese narratological theory and practice. The object of the research is the genesis and tradition of narrative perspective in classical Chinese prose (origins in historiography and development in the novel), as well as its radical transformation in modern fiction of the early 20th century (based on the works of writers of the "May Fourth" period). Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the views of Chinese scholars (Dong Naibin, Tan Junqiang, Fu Xiuyan, Hu Yamin, Zhao Yiheng, Chen Pingyuan and Yang Yi) on the specifics of Chinese narrative art. This study is the first to introduce the research of the aforementioned Chinese scholars into Russian academic discourse. Its results can be applied in historical and comparative narratology for the study of narrative perspective. The key method employed is the comparative-historical approach, which allows for tracing the evolution of narrative perspective and comparing it with the Western tradition. The conducted research revealed that the evolution of narrative perspective in Chinese literature follows a global trajectory – from omniscience to a limited point of view, where first-person narration played a key role in the era of the discovery of the individual. However, in classical prose, omniscient third-person narration prevailed, rooted in the historiographical tradition. Even the occasionally used first-person narration did not signify genuine subjectivity: such a narrator typically remained detached and omniscient. First-person narration with a truly limited, subjective point of view of a narrator-protagonist was established only at the beginning of the 20th century but soon gave way to a third-person form in its new modification. The results of the study showed why the terms "perspective" and "point of view" are relevant in the Chinese narratological tradition, while the categories of "first/third person" are less significant than in Western theory.
The artistic image of the Decembrists in cinema (as exemplified by B. Khalzanov's film "No Stranger Land")
Decembrism is a multifaceted historical and cultural phenomenon concerning both the social life of Russia and the personalities of the Russian nobility in the 19th century. The legacy of the Decembrists, who were exiled in Buryatia (the Bestuzhev brothers, N.A. and M.A., the Kyuhelbekker brothers, M.K. and V.K., A.N. Muravyov, Y.M. Andreyevich, and others), includes scientific and artistic works, as well as pedagogical, agricultural, and craft experiments that contributed significantly to the development of regional culture. The year 2025 marks the 200th anniversary of the Uprising and the Year of the Defender of the Fatherland, within which the image of the Decembrists in cinema is in high demand. An analysis of domestic filmography has identified and examined the features of their image formation. "No Foreign Land" by B. Khalzanov most vividly demonstrates a deep penetration into the complex inner world and the courage to uphold one's ideals. For conducting the research, the main methods employed were axiological, semiotic, and historical-cultural, which involve exploring historical and cultural contexts. The scientific novelty lies in the potential representation of symbolic events in domestic history and culture, including through the analysis of cinema and artistic images of historical figures. In conclusion, it should be noted that the theme of the Decembrists in cinematography is far from being fully explored, and the formation of the artistic image of the Decembrists is characterized by the following aspects. Firstly, the main goal and task of directors and screenwriters was to create a vivid representation of the reality and time in which the events unfolded for the audience. The examined works of domestic cinematography allow for a view of the era and personalities of the Decembrists in development, becoming a sort of communication that ensures the transmission and preservation of knowledge and historical experience. Secondly, an essential element in creating the artistic image of the Decembrists and its perception by viewers is the emotional aspect, which shapes the value relationship towards the heroes and their actions. The artistic images of the Decembrists are expressive, which, on one hand, convey the emotions of the creators of the image (director, screenwriter, cameraman, actor), and on the other hand, evoke emotions in the viewer.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sangadieva E.G., Amgalanova M.V.
Theatrical program as a genre of theatrical discourse
The article is devoted to the study of the theater program as an independent and creative genre of theatrical discourse. It examines in detail aspects such as its genre characteristics, linguistic and structural-content features, as well as its multifunctional role in the system of modern theatrical communication. Special attention is paid to analyzing the program not as an auxiliary or purely informational material, but as a full-fledged semiotic object performing a number of key functions. The work investigates how the program, being a direct channel of dialogue between the creators of the performance and the audience, realizes informative, aesthetic, attractive, promotional, and identifying functions. The subject includes the study of the typical structure of the program, which is divided into two main blocks: information about the theater and information about the performance. Within the scope of the research, its role in forming the theater's brand identity is also analyzed in detail, which is manifested in the trend towards the individualization of formats, design, and content. The main method used is a directed survey to identify audience perceptions and practices of interaction with the program. Semiotic analysis and the concept of speech genres by T.V. Shmelevaya are also applied. The research material consisted of 50 theater programs from Moscow theaters from 2022 to 2024. The scientific novelty of the research lies in a fundamentally new approach to the theater program, which is examined for the first time as an independent, complexly organized, and creative genre of theatrical discourse. By consistently applying T.V. Shmelevaya's speech genre model, the study proves the program's right to genre independence, revealing its constitutive features. Practical conclusions confirm the program's key role in theatrical communication and the formation of the theater's identity. It has been established that its content is structured into two stable blocks (about the theater and about the performance), while the dominant form shows a tendency towards individualization and branded style. Thus, the program serves as an important semiotic intermediary between the stage and the audience, the theater collective and the viewer. The results are of interest to specialists in the fields of semiotics, linguistics, media communications, and cultural studies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kolysheva O.N., Gubanova O.I.
Media discourse on the topic of "the population census in Ukraine" as a manipulative element in the formation of legitimacy
The media discourse regarding the conduct and results of the last census in Ukraine in 2001 clearly demonstrates the dominant perceptions in Ukrainian society about the essence and significance of the census. When considering the main approaches characterizing the established opinions in Ukrainian society, it is important to pay attention to the role of the state and citizens in interpreting linguistic and ethnic categories, as well as the mechanism for maintaining an objective representation of the event. To this end, we examined two discursive practices: the conduct of the census and the topics raised in connection with this event, as well as the announcement of the census results. The first discursive practice created an image of the event as important and routine, while the second represented it as uninteresting but necessary knowledge. We analyzed the similarities reflected in the metaphors of Ukrainian journalists and speakers regarding the census and the related social processes using materials from Ukrainian media that sharply differed in their presentation style and authorial assessment of these processes. Sociological surveys are limited by ready-made concepts and are not intended to clarify the social significance of ethnic categories and ethnic phenomena. The positivist approach requires the establishment of simple indicators that would allow researchers to isolate a limited number of characteristics and features from social reality that are then analyzed over time. According to them, identity in the Ukrainian SSR and modern Ukraine differ. In general, Ukrainian media portrayed the census results as irrefutable knowledge about objective reality, thus contributing to the lack of alternatives in this perception within society. Media practices corresponded to the overall direction of centrist discourse regarding ethnic issues in the context of normalizing ambivalence. The 2001 population census delineated the Ukrainian nation as a community of state citizens and adjusted the inherited Soviet-era knowledge about the number and structure of the population. It is important to note that the authorities did not react to the obtained results. Thus, no new adequate approaches to the identified situation were formulated in specific areas of governance. On this basis, the refusal to formulate census results in terms of legitimization and, consequently, transformation of the political course called into question the continuity and pointed to the unaltered continuation of the inconsistent policy of the Ukrainian regime.
Copyright (c) 2025 Degtyareva O.V., Nikonov S.B.
Cosmo-Psycho-Logos mari in the prose of M. Ushakova
The subject of the article is the artistic embodiment of the holistic worldview (Cosmo-Psycho-Logos) of the mari people in the prose of M. T. Ushakova. The analytical focus centers on how the writer, by synthesizing the traditions of Russian "village prose" and the techniques of magical realism, reveals the profound connection between the universe (Cosmos), the human inner world (Psyche), and the artistic word (Logos). The key object of study is the novella "Monologue of an Old House," where the innovative image of the house-as-narrator serves as a central metaphor for the sacred bond between kinship, dwelling, and nature. The research also explores how ethnocultural elements (animism, ritual practices, magical thinking) shape the poetics of Ushakova's texts, allowing for the comprehension of the people's historical existence through the private fates of characters and the actualization of its spiritual foundations in the contemporary literary context. The methodology is based on a systemic approach, incorporating the comparative-historical (A. N. Veselovsky), cultural-historical (M. M. Bakhtin), archetypal (E. M. Meletinsky), and national-cultural analysis (G. D. Gachev). The scholarly novelty of the article lies in the comprehensive study of Ushakova's prose through the original concept of "Cosmo-Psycho-Logos," which reveals the integrity of the mari worldview. The main conclusions of the article are as follows. Ushakova's prose represents a synthesis of the realistic tradition and magical realism, where the ethnocultural specificity of the mari mythopoetic consciousness forms the very fabric of the artistic world. Through individual destinies, the writer reveals both private and national tragedies, presenting national culture as a salvific force preserving the spiritual core of the ethnic group. Thus, the work of M. T. Ushakova performs the function of a contemporary artistic Logos – a universe that verbalizes, preserves, and actualizes the unique cosmic and psychological self-awareness (identity) of the mari people, integrating it into the context of modern Russian literature.
Expression of confidence or uncertainty in the reliability of the information presented in the text of a contemporary radio broadcast
The author considered the modern semantic syntax is the consideration of mood and dictum meanings of statements in different types of discourse. The aim of this article is to answer the questions of how the meaning of certainty or uncertainty about the reliability of the information presented is expressed in contemporary radio discourse and what properties of the communicative situation manifest in the explicit expression of this meaning. The object of the study is the modal category of persuasiveness in the text of a radio broadcast. The subject of the study is the linguistic means of expressing persuasiveness. The term persuasiveness is understood as the degree of certainty regarding the reliability of the information presented. The material of the study is the text of the radio broadcast "Zakhar's Keys" on Radio Sputnik. Its hosts are writers, public figures, journalists. Lieutenant colonel Zakhar Prilepin hosts with philologists and literary critics Oleg Demidov and Alexey Kolobrodov. The methods used in the work include general scientific methods of observation and comparison, as well as linguistic methods of semantic, pragmatic, and contextual analysis. The novelty of the research lies in identifying the features of using means to express persuasiveness in radio text and demonstrating how the choice of these means reflects the individual qualities of the linguistic personality. In the text of the radio broadcast, in addition to means characteristic of any speech sphere for expressing persuasiveness, means typical of oral speech are used. The conversation genre typically uses disjunctive constructions with the conjunction "or," where the speaker explicitly or implicitly turns to their interlocutors for assistance, hoping they will help resolve their doubts. Based on the indicators of persuasiveness in the program text, one can judge how close the hosts feel to the discussed problem. The choice of specific means of expressing persuasiveness vividly characterizes the linguistic personality. The conducted analysis showed that Alexey Kolobrodov is characterized by the introductory word "of course," which he may use several times in one sentence, while Zakhar Prilepin often combines the introductory word "of course" with the particle "ze," indicating the emotional pressure of the writer and his desire to impact the audience.
Translation Versions of the Word ῾ο Λόγοσ of the Easter Gospel Readings in German, English, Church Slavonic and Russian – 1:1-4; 1:10-12; 1:14-16 John Verses
In the Orthodox Church at Easter, the Prologue of the Gospel of John is read in different languages. In the Russian Orthodox Church ten languages are used, including Old Greek, German, English, Church Slavonic and Russian. The observed variations in readings are thematically associated with the grammatical principles of language structure. The present work analyzes the difference in the use of personal and possessive pronouns, substitutes for personal and possessive pronouns. As well as masculine and neuter adjective and verb endings in the Russian translation. The results contribute to a better understanding of the theological meaning of the texts. The studies of Bible translations are important because the language of the Holy Scriptures is something special, often it sounds like a hymn. The Prologue of John's Gospel is regarded as a hymn of the apostolic church characterized by inner harmony on multiple levels. There are three types of translations: those based on the original language, those where the target language is in the foreground, or those for specific readers and target groups. There are particular difficulties in translating the Greek word ὁ Λόγος used in Christianity to relate to Jesus Christ. It is explained that ὁ Λόγος is the original principle of all things, and it connects the Jewish thought of God's revelation with the Greek idea of rationality. This study places particular emphasis on the harmonic structure of the hymn in John's Gospel, wherein ὁ Λόγος is positioned at the beginning, while the full name of Jesus Christ is employed exclusively at the conclusion. The translation of this word into Russian, Church Slavonic, German and English cannot give the full meaning of the original text. Various translation possibilities are being discussed in order to better match the sound and meaning of the original text. The article further proposes that these issues be presented before the Synodal Biblical and Theological Commission for further consideration.
Artificial intelligence as a form of friendly intelligence and co-author in artistic creativity?
The article discusses a new stage in the understanding and interpretation of AI. It examines the report "Artificial Intelligence and Humanity in Each Other's Mirrors" by Russian and American philosopher and cultural scholar Mikhail Epstein, who recently discussed the nature and characteristics of artificial intelligence at a seminar. This interesting presentation inclined the author to change their viewpoint on the nature and essence of artificial intelligence, agreeing with Epstein's overall conclusion that AI surpasses human intelligence even in traditionally humanitarian fields such as literary creativity and philosophical imagination. The main points of the report are outlined, including several interesting features of AI formulated by Mikhail Epstein, such as it representing a form of friendly intellect and being more effective in creativity. In particular, artificial intelligence does not rely on templates, does not create drafts, is stronger than humans in "soft," humanitarian forms and solutions (language, concepts, associations, tropes), "mirrors" human reason and feeling, is prone to "controlled hallucinations," blends predictability and unpredictability, and expands contexts. The author, drawing on their theoretical developments (concepts about the prerequisites for AI, self-organization, the zone of proximal technological development, human participation in the development of artificial intelligence) and their experience of interacting with AI (using it in creativity), formulates several propositions that explain the emergence of AI as a different kind of intellect. They suggest viewing the process of forming artificial intelligence from two perspectives—technological and cultural-anthropological, with the latter enabling a comparison between the formation of AI and the processes of forming European reason (which the author does through an analysis of Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason"). The article concludes with a discussion of the potential developments of AI, and more specifically, a neural computer that creates artistic works in collaboration with humans.
The First Russian Sentimental Historical Stories as a Representation of N.M. Karamzin's Syntactic Reform
The article discusses changes in the organization of the text of a prose work using the example of N.M. Karamzin's historical novels. The object of the research was the literary text of the sentimental historical novels "Natalia, the Boyar's Daughter" and "Marfa the Posadnitsa, or The Conquest of Novogorod", which are new to Russian literature. The subject of the research is the syntactic organization of the text of the story: assessment of changes in sentence structure, length and ratio of allied and non-allied complex sentences; establishment of a new word order in a sentence.; the introduction of a new type of syntactic figures into the text, which include paroemias, aphorisms, catch phrases and new models, primarily the periphrasis of French, Arabic, English, Greek and Latin origin. The syntactic reform brought artistic and conversational styles closer together in simplicity and euphony and contrasted them by the presence of decorative elements. The research methodology includes the use of continuous sampling, structural, semantic and functional analysis of syntactic constructions and the statistical method. The study showed that the most significant innovations include a change in the structure of the sentence; shortening the length of the syntagma; ordering the sequence of the main and secondary members of the sentence; organizing the sentence according to the principle of its easy pronunciation; the inclusion of stable syntactic figures in the sentence in order to decorate it; the rejection of multilevel subordinate constructions; an increase in the number of conjunctionless complex sentences and complex sentences with a compositional connection. The novelty of the research was the analysis of a set of aspects proposed by the author (new elements; new vocabulary; changes in the structure, length, order of a sentence and its parts, etc.), which allows us to describe the change in the syntactic organization of a literary text within the framework of studying a certain stage in the development of Russian literature in general and the idiosyncrasy of a particular writer in particular.
Amnesty of the Decembrists in 1856 in the Coverage of Russian and English Newspaper Press
This study is dedicated to the analysis of the reception of the amnesty for the Decembrists in 1856 in the British press in the context of the geopolitical consequences of the Crimean War and the ongoing reassessment of the international position of the Russian Empire. The focus is on the perceptions of British newspapers regarding the nature of Alexander II's political course and the significance of the amnesty as a symbolic step reflecting the transition from the repressive policies of the Nicholas era to a more flexible model of autocratic governance. Special attention is given to how the amnesty for the Decembrists was interpreted by the British press as an indicator of internal transformations in Russia, affecting the realm of civil liberties, the state's relationship with opposition elites, and the regime's willingness to make partial concessions to liberal expectations. The study examines the amnesty not only as an act of clemency but also as an important element of the international-political and informational positioning of the Russian Empire on the European stage. The methodological framework of the research includes comparative-historical and discourse analysis, applied to materials from British (“The Guardian,” “The Times,” “Daily News”) and Russian periodicals (“Moscow News,” “Saint Petersburg News”), systematizing mentions of the amnesty and Alexander II's coronation, identifying key semantic oppositions and contextual factors. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive consideration of the amnesty for the Decembrists as a media and political event simultaneously, through the prism of comparing British and Russian newspaper narratives. For the first time, based on a systematized corpus of publications from 1856–1858, it is demonstrated that the British press interpreted the amnesty as an ambivalent gesture: on one hand, as a triumph of liberal ideas and a symbol of the departure from the repressive nature of the Nicholas regime, and on the other hand, as an incomplete measure that exacerbated the social marginalization of the Decembrists due to the non-return of confiscated property. The Russian press, constrained by censorship, constructed the image of the amnesty as a step towards national reconciliation and future reforms, cautiously hinting at the need for deeper transformations. It is shown that both interpretations, despite their differences, converge in recognizing the high historical significance of the amnesty for the transformation of Russia's image both domestically and in the eyes of Europe, as well as for rethinking the relationship between power and society at the beginning of Alexander II's reign.
The study of the process of perception of phraseological transformations in modern Russian media discourse
This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the use and perception of phraseotransforms in media discourse. The subject of the research is the phraseological layer of the Russian language and the issue of phraseological contingency in media texts. The object of the research is phraseotransforms in the headline complexes of newspaper articles. The purpose of the presented research is to analyze the newspaper headlines with the presence of a phraseotransform in terms of increasing the potential reader's interest in the media text. The author focuses on such types of phraseological transformations as syntactic, lexical (in particular substitution) and semantic (double actualization). A selection of phraseotransforms from articles in several Russian news publications was carried out and the transformation processes of the phraseotransforms under consideration were analyzed. It was suggested that the use of phraseotransforms in newspaper headlines is widespread due to their high emotional load, which helps the authors of articles to realize newspaper expression along with other functions of the media text. To confirm this assumption, a survey was conducted among teenagers who are not active readers of newspaper publications, for the most "independent" view on the relevance of introducing phraseotransforms into the headline complex in order to attract and retain readers' attention. The following methods were used in the study: Identification of phraseological morphology (continuous sampling); Phraseotransform analysis; Comparison of the usual and occasional phraseology; Survey and measurement of quantitative indicators of the reactions of the survey participants. The research material was phraseotransforms in the headline sets of articles in the online newspapers Izvestia and Argumenty I Fakty. The novelty of the presented research lies in highlighting the level of relevance of the types of phraseological transformation in media texts in terms of attracting the attention of a potential reader. It is determined that the premises of a phraseotransform that has undergone the process of substitution (or replacement of a component of a common phraseological unit), along with double actualization, are leading in the issue of attracting the reader to the main text of the article. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis that, in comparison with headlines using common phraseological units, occasional phraseological units, or without phraseological combinations at all, potential readers were most interested in headlines with phraseotransforms. The results of the study can be applied both in further studies of the processes of phraseological transformation, and in applied journalism in the design of media text headings.
The subject of the research is the cognitive function of metaphors and their role as an important tool in intercultural communication. The object of research is metaphors as lexical and semantic units. The relevance of this article is due to the fact that intercultural communication is becoming increasingly important in the context of globalization, as interaction between different cultures is becoming more frequent and diverse. Understanding the role of metaphors in this process is important not only to improve the quality of translation and communication, but also to promote the formation of cultural identity and mutual understanding, which is especially important in today's multilingual and multicultural world. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of metaphors in the process of intercultural communication. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the functioning of metaphorical units in the framework of intercultural communication and the problem of transferring metaphors into a foreign language. Special attention is paid to the importance of metaphors in shaping cultural identity and mutual understanding between different communities. The methodology of the work corresponds to the tasks set and includes several research methods. Qualitative text analysis is used to interpret metaphors and comparative analysis is used to compare metaphors in different languages. The main conclusions of this study are the following conclusions: 1) metaphors in intercultural communication are an important tool for information exchange, 2) successful decoding of metaphors is impossible without knowledge of the cognitive context (associations, representations, concepts that determine the transfer) and the linguistic context (ways of integrating metaphors into sentences and texts). The author also notes that recognizing a metaphor is the first step towards "metaphorical competence," that is, to interpret and use metaphors competently in one's speech and in written texts of different styles to achieve communicative success in an intercultural environment. Metaphors not only enrich language, but also serve as a means to interpret complex social and cultural processes. The novelty of the research lies in the emphasis on the importance of cognitive and linguistic context for the successful decoding of metaphors, which opens up new perspectives for the scientific community to further study metaphorical terms in various fields of human activity.
Techniques and strategies for translating American Realia in J. Franzen's novel "Crossroads"
This research paper is devoted to the study of strategies for translating Americanisms in a literary text based on the novel "Crossroads" by American writer Jonathan Franzen. The subject of the research is techniques and strategies for translating realities in an English-language literary text into Russian. The purpose of the work is to study the features of translating Americanisms from English into Russian and to identify the most frequent and effective methods of their translation. Special attention is paid to the concept of "reality" and the role of realities in creating the artistic originality of the text of the work. Translation strategies such as forenization, the essence of which is to focus on the culture of the outgoing language in order to bring readers closer to the original, and domestication, when the translator seeks to match all culturally labeled units with similar concepts present in the culture of the translated language, are also considered. By the method of continuous sampling, the Americanisms in Jonathan Franzen's novel "Crossroads" were selected and a qualitative and quantitative analysis of their translation techniques was carried out, the most frequent translation techniques were identified. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that it examines the methods of translating all groups of realities identified in the text of the novel: onomastic, geographical, socio-political, ethnographic, the realities of the education system, religion and culture; explanations are given about the effectiveness of choosing a particular technique. The most numerous groups of Americanisms in the novel were the realities of the educational system, religion and culture, ethnographic realities and onomastic realities. The most frequent translation techniques were calculus, approximate translation, as well as transliteration/transcription and transformation. The least used translation techniques are omissions and descriptive translation. The authors conclude that the translation of the novel "Crossroads" is dominated by the strategy of domestication, when the culture of the target language is in the foreground.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ivanova E.A., Maiorova L.F.
Analyzing the Usage of Imperative sentences in the Long Story “The Master and Margaret” and Its Chinese Translation Problems
In Russian, the imperative is an important lexical-grammatical device for expressing pragmatic information and the most complex grammatical phenomenon in teaching Russian as a foreign language. However, the pragmatic meaning of Russian imperative is often not accurately conveyed in Russian to Chinese translation. This paper takes the ten Chinese translations of Bulgakov's novel “The Master and Margarita” translated by Yan Yongxing, Wang Zhenzhong, Wang Nan-Fu, Bai Hua-xiong, Xu Changhan, Qian Cheng, Su Ling, Gao Hui-qun, Cao Guowei, and Dai Congxiong as the materials for the study, and focuses on the translations of imperative sentences in the Chinese translations. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the usage of imperative in the original text and its corresponding Chinese translation, assess the quality of its translation, explore the main types of errors in imperative translation, and analyze the causes of mistranslation and its negative impact on the pragmatic meaning of the original text on the basis of the examples, so as to find ways to solve the mistranslations and to improve the methods of translation of literary works. This paper adopts the comparative analysis method to compare and analyze the imperative sentences in the long novel The Master and Margaret and its Chinese translation. The research has an important practical application value, and the research results can be used as a reference for teaching translation and studying Russian grammar.
The problem of conveying ethnocultural identity in the translation of a postcolonial novel (based on the original and translated text of A. Vergese's "Cutting for Stone")
This article examines ethnocultural identity in the artistic space of the postcolonial novel from the perspective of literary translation. Based on Abraham Verghese’s “Cutting for Stone” and its Russian translation by S. Sokolov, the study identifies and systematizes the specific difficulties involved in rendering the linguistic markers of identity. The object of the research is the linguistic and stylistic means of expressing ethnocultural identity in the original text of the novel, while the subject comprises the strategies and methods for translating these elements into Russian. The central argument is that recognizing the distinct genre-stylistic conventions of postcolonial literature is essential for developing effective translation strategies and achieving textual adequacy. The research employs a comprehensive methodological approach, integrating semantic, contextual, comparative, stylistic and translation analysis. The analysis reveals that the most significant challenges for a translator are posed by passages conveying cultural and linguistic polyphony, hybridity, and the fundamental oppositions that shape both character identity and the text’s conceptual space. The study highlights how elements such as foreign-language inclusions, erratives, graphons, and other deviations from linguistic norms act as manifestations of linguistic and cultural hybridity and as means of character self-identification. Furthermore, culture-specific items (realia) are used not only to embody cultural memory but also often acquire metaphorical and symbolic meanings, highlighting central narrative conflicts and functioning as markers of individual and collective identity. The novelty of this research lies in its endeavor to formulate practical recommendations for more authentically recreating the effects of linguistic and cultural hybridity and internal identity conflict in translation. The study concludes that while translating culturally marked units in a postcolonial novel, it is essential to consider its genre specificity, thematic and ideological content and macro-context.
On the "foolishness" of poetry: Pushkin's formula in the interpretation of V. Khodasevich
The article is devoted to the analysis of the reception of A.S. Pushkin's legacy in the literary criticism of the Russian emigration literature. The focus of the research is the interpretation of Pushkin's paradoxical formula about the «glupovatost» of poetry in the work of V.F. Khodasevich. The object of the study is the complex of ideas about the nature of poetic creativity formed within émigré Pushkin studies in the first third of the 20th century. The subject of the study is Khodasevich's specific interpretation of this Pushkinian dictum as presented in his article "Glupovatost poezii" (1927). The aim of the article is to reveal the specific features of Pushkin's formula in Khodasevich's critical thought. Particular attention is paid to Khodasevich's deconstruction of the semantic field of the key concepts «ration», «foolishness» and «glupovatost» within Pushkin's worldview. The analysis details how the critic constructs an opposition between «psychologizing» (descriptive, didactic) and «ontologizing» (transformative) poetry, arguing that only the latter can be considered as genuine. The research methodology is based on a combined approach, integrating historical-literary, comparative-historical, and structural-semantic methods of text analysis. A systematization of the connotations of the key lexeme is conducted using the material from Khodasevich's article «Glupovatost poezii». As a result of the study, it is revealed that Khodasevich clearly distinguishes between the concept of «foolishness» as a vice and «glupovatost» as a distinct aesthetic category. According to the critic, in Pushkin's work, "glupovatost" manifests itself as a poetic device, a component of an authorial mask, a law of poetic existence, and a marker of authentic «ontologizing» poetry. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematic reconstruction of Khodasevich's interpretative model, which contributes to understanding the reception of the «sun of Russian poetry» within émigré criticism. The results of the study can be used in textbooks on the history of Russian literature, in courses on the literary criticism of the Silver Age and the Russian diaspora, and in curricula dedicated to the philosophy of creativity and the theory of textual interpretation. In conclusion, it is argued that Khodasevich's article represents not merely an analysis of an individual Pushkin aphorism but a literary manifesto that asserts the autonomy and transcendent nature of high poetic art.
Features of the Chinese Reception of F.M. Dostoevsky's Novel "The Idiot": Psychological Aspect
The subject of the research is the characteristics of the Chinese reception of F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "The Idiot" from a psychological perspective. It analyzes how modern Chinese readers perceive the inner world of the characters, their motivations, emotional conflicts, and key scenes of the novel, as well as how they relate their own experiences to the portrayed suffering, love, madness, and hope. The empirical basis consists of a corpus of 999 reviews posted on the Douban platform (Books section) for ten editions of the novel in Chinese. Special attention is given to the images of Prince Myshkin, Nastasya Filippovna, Aglaya, and Rogozhin, and how readers' comments reflect the psychological perception of these characters through Confucian, Buddhist, and Taoist ideas about humanity, the meaning of suffering, duty, and moral choice. The methodological foundation of the study is a corpus analysis of 999 Chinese reader reviews of "The Idiot" using Python, which includes quantitative and qualitative methods to identify frequent emotional-evaluative vocabulary, key themes, motifs, episodes, and typical patterns of psychological response. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive examination of the psychological aspect of the Chinese reception of the novel "The Idiot," based on a large corpus of online reviews, allowing for the reconstruction of the living perception of Dostoevsky in a different linguistic and cultural environment. It demonstrates that Chinese readers, while experiencing difficulties due to the complexity of names, polyphony, and detailed psychological renderings, simultaneously show a high level of empathy and compassion for the characters. Their evaluation of the characters' actions and feelings is viewed through Confucian, Buddhist, and Taoist notions of humanity, duty, and harmony, leading to a unique interpretation of the Christian themes of the novel. It concludes that the psychological perception of "The Idiot" is determined by ethno-confessional cultural categories, specific cognitive attitudes, and the level of reading competence of the Chinese audience. Thus, it clarifies Dostoevsky's place in the contemporary Chinese cultural space.
Verbalisation of the concept МИР/PEACE in Russian and English world picures
The subject of the study is the lexical means of expressing the concept of "peace" in modern journalism. The authors analyze and compare the interpretations of the lexical units Peace and Mir in the corresponding languages to identify their differential features and correlation. The relevance of this topic is due to the interest of linguists in the conceptual approach, because it is the concept that represents the fundamental notion reflecting the perception of reality. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the component composition of the interpretations of the lexical units Mir and Peace in the Russian and English languages to identify the differences in understanding this unit by representatives of both nations. The authors studied the ways of verbalizing the concepts of MIR and PEACE in Russian and English, conducted and described an associative experiment and a comparison of the associations of native speakers of Russian and English with the concepts of peace and mir by representatives of Russia and Great Britain. The goals and objectives of this study determined the choice of research methods: theoretical analysis, generalization of scientific and selection of journalistic literature on the topic of the study, comparative approach, contextual analysis, construction of associative and semantic fields, analysis of journalistic texts, conducting an associative experiment and experimental and analytical work on the use of lexical means of expression by native speakers of Russian and English. The analysis of the Russian language indicates a greater tendency of speakers to value peace, ecology, planet, Universe and interpersonal relationships (friendship, love, family), which indicates a complex perception of the world and the galaxy, while the analysis of the English indicates greater pragmatism of the British, with the associates reflecting diplomatic and real measures to establish peace (negotiations, treaty) by representatives of the parties and countries and illustrating a more impartial, distanced worldview of the British: the associates are related to places associated with aggression during and after wars, geographical objects, the planet, which reflects greater distance, a “view from above” of English speakers, as if a chess player observes the board on which the pieces stand and calculates the variety of moves, which reflects the greater pragmatism of the British.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lyulyaeva N.A., Terehova V.A., Ganyushkina E.V.
The phenomenon of voice messages in modern communication
The article is devoted to the description of a voice message in order to introduce a definition of this communicative phenomenon. Despite the contradictory nature of this phenomenon, its popularity has been growing since 2013 to the present day. However, a voice message still does not have a clear definition, as it has specific characteristics that make it impossible to classify this phenomenon as either a genre of speech or a form of communication, which makes it a unique phenomenon. The object of the research is the nature of voice communication in modern communication. The subject of the study is the characteristics of voice communication and the history of the development of voice communication in the context of the introduction of new technical functions motivated by the needs of users, which makes it possible to distinguish this communication format into a separate type of discourse. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization were used. The categorical method "formal-logical definition of a concept" was also used to formulate a scientific definition of a voice message. Individual studies by domestic and foreign researchers focus on the study of certain aspects of pragmatics, socio- and psychological reasons for the use of voice messages. In this study, the author attempted to analyze these components more broadly, as well as the history of the development of voice messages, and defined this phenomenon in the paradigm of discursive phenomena, since a voice message is a vivid representation of our speech, immersed in life. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that the voice message belongs to a hybrid mode of discourse, which communicates asynchronously and contactlessly through an auditory channel, and at the same time has a high involvement of interlocutors in communication. The conclusions of this study are intended to contribute to a more productive work of linguists with categorical methods, as well as a more accurate and systematic description of the voice message.
The concept of the "spiral of silence" in the context of political communication
The article examines the concept of the "spiral of silence" by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann in the context of political communication. It summarizes the sociological core of the theory and justifies the possibilities of its extension to the political sphere, taking into account the specifics of the context. Practical manifestations of the effect of this concept are illustrated through examples from the 2024 U.S. elections and the politics of the Republic of Singapore. The study confirms that in political communication, the "spiral of silence" acts as a natural process or a tool for manipulating public opinion, possessing significant theoretical and practical importance. The research addresses common social phenomena, such as the characteristics of the effect in a political context. This makes the analysis of the extension of the concept to political communication relevant, filling an interdisciplinary theoretical gap. This study employs the following methods to examine the applicability and practical manifestation of the "spiral of silence" theory in the field of political communication: case study method, comparative analysis, and literature review method. Based on the generalization of theoretical roots and interdisciplinary analysis, this work proves that this concept is not limited to the framework of a sociological approach but also possesses high explanatory power and practical significance in political communication. We have revealed the core essence of the "spiral of silence" at the sociological level – the self-reinforcement of the majority's opinion and the weakening of minority positions under the influence of the psychology of fear of social isolation. Additionally, we identified significant differences that arise when transferring this concept to the political realm: in the political context, the spiral effect is amplified due to the heightened sensitivity and authority of the issues discussed, media transform from passive carriers of information to active participants in constructing public opinion, and various political regimes and cultural environments define different speeds and forms of the spiral's manifestation. In other words, the "spiral of silence" in the political aspect still relies on the psychological motivation to avoid social isolation, but its practical implementation can be both a natural outcome of the unfolding events and a process intensified by governmental intervention and the use of political technologies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wang Z., Kurysheva J.V., Nikonov S.B.
The symbolism of the scarf in Bashkir heroic tales
In Bashkir heroic tales, the main character always has wondrous objects or assistants that vary in origin, appearance, and purpose. They help the hero in difficult situations, allowing him to survive, win, and achieve his goals. One such item-assistant is a scarf. The scarf is a common attribute that is used in the daily life of a person not only among the Bashkirs but also among other peoples, which is why it frequently appears in tales, customs, rituals, songs, beliefs, etc. The aim of the study is to identify and examine the main functions of the magical scarf and determine its place in Bashkir heroic tales. The object of the research consists of editions of Bashkir heroic tales published from the second half of the 19th century to the present. The material for analysis included 13 texts that mention the aforementioned magical item. The theoretical and methodological foundation of the work is based on the scientific works of V.Ya. Propp, G.R. Khusainova, V.E. Dobrovolskaya, F.Kh. Guliyeva, and others. To achieve the set goal, a comprehensive approach was used, combining general scientific methods (identification, systematization, analysis, generalization). The practical significance of the work lies in the expansion and deepening of knowledge about Bashkir tales. Its results can be applied in folklore studies when examining tales and in the development of educational courses on Bashkir folklore. The conclusions of the research show that the scarf is an actively used cultural item in many genres of Bashkir folklore, including tales. It acquires meanings as a wonderful means of conveying information about the hero's condition, a symbol for recognizing one's bride (or vice versa), a way of revival, obtaining food, etc. The presence of any object in a fairy tale text is determined not only by its everyday function but also, and importantly, by the sacred function of the item in traditional spiritual culture.
On the reflection of the traditional beliefs of the Evenks of China in fiction
The purpose of the research is to study the formation of Evenk literature in China and to try to comprehend the religious picture of the Evenk world; to introduce into scientific circulation the texts of the Evenki and Chinese writers, reflecting the culture, beliefs, traditions and way of life of the Chinese Evenks. The author analyzes the traditional system of Evenk beliefs – shamanism, Evenk myths and legends, folk songs presented in the works of Chinese writers. The article examines the prose works of the Evenki Uzhertu, Tukedong Qingsheng, as well as the novel by the Chinese Chi Zijian, primarily from the point of view of artistic reflection and understanding of the traditional beliefs of the Evenki ethnic group and their state in the era of civilizational transformations. The research is based on the methodology of comparative literary criticism, which includes typological, motivic, inter- and contextual analyses, as well as the historical method. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the article explicates for the first time the religious constants of the ethnic consciousness of the Evenks from the works of Evenk literature by Chinese authors. The author comes to the conclusion that the unique method of inheriting Evenk myths, culture and traditions through shamanic practices is a stable object of depiction in Evenk literature. The analysis of the material led to the conclusion that Evenk ethnography, an important part of ethnic literature in China, continues to actively develop, as does literature about Evenks created by writers from outside the ethnic group. The main object of this literature is the image of the Evenk and his ethnic consciousness, the constants of which are religiosity (shamanism, animism), a special attitude to nature, and the stability of everyday traditions (reindeer husbandry and hunting culture).
The problem of N. P. Zadornov's literary reputation
Nikolai Pavlovich Zadornov is one of the few literary "pioneers" of Siberia and the Far East, along with V. K. Arsenyev, A. A. Fadeev, V. N. Ivanov, D. D. Nagishkin, and others. In this regard, the study of the literary reputation of the image of Zadornov as a writer is of particular interest. The chronological framework of the study is the period from 1945 to 1992, from the moment of the appearance of the second of the known critical reviews of Nikolai Pavlovich's work to the death of the writer. The subject of the study is the literary reputation of the novelist N. P. Zadornov in the mainly Soviet period of Russian history. The object of the research is literary and critical articles, reviews of N. P. Zadornov's contemporaries on his works. The analysis of the subject is carried out by means of the system-typological method. Despite the writer's significant contribution to Russian literature, so far his reputation portrait has not been unbiasedly reflected in print and on the Internet: for example, several paragraphs on Wikipedia are devoted to the issue of reputation. The objective and most complete analysis of Zadornov's literary reputation determines the scientific novelty of the research. The result of the work carried out is the image of an objective reputational portrait of the writer. Zadornov was able to display the peculiarities of everyday life, as well as depict natural beauties, study both the external and internal portrait of a hero, minor or episodic character, as well as following specific historical facts, as well as "living" fiction corresponding to the era and characters, and the ability to convey dialects... Zadornov was remarkably observant. The conclusions presented in the article can serve as a basis for further research of Zadornov's literary reputation: by referring to his literary and artistic works and literary critical articles and reviews, as well as materials for his biography (there is still no full-fledged biography of N. P. Zadornov).
Reflection of the U.S. migration discourse through the concept of "America First" in leading American media
The article is dedicated to analyzing the migration discourse in the United States within the framework of the "America First" political doctrine as presented in leading American media. The subject of this research is the American migration discourse, which is actively developed in the media against the backdrop of the activities of the Republican government in 2025. The focus is on the representation of migrants and the new policy in the online versions of leading news outlets. The author examines aspects such as the influence of political actors on the expansion of the discourse regarding migration in the media, the role of liberal media in shaping perceptions of refugees, and the assessment of Donald Trump's anti-immigration rhetoric by news publications. The study investigates the main frames that serve as tools for forming unified narratives about the migration crisis at the southern border, as reflected in news and analytical materials from January to September 2025. Based on qualitative content analysis of publications from The New York Times, The Atlantic, The New Yorker, The Washington Post, CNN, NBC, CBS, FOX News, and other outlets during this period, the key media narratives related to the coverage of the migration crisis are examined. The research identifies key frames ("migrant-threat," "migrant-victim," "repression," "invasion"), delineates differences between liberal and conservative media, and demonstrates the role of President Donald Trump's political rhetoric in shaping and polarizing the information agenda. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of dehumanization of migrants and the connection of migration discourse with broader narratives about the state of American democracy. The study's results show that media represent the migration policy of the new government predominantly through the lens of threat, humanitarian crisis, and political polarization, which exacerbates public perception conflict and contributes to the rise of radical sentiments. The media's reaction to the complex of decrees criminalizing migration demonstrates an evolution of the image of the United States as a "nation of immigrants." The further development of the investigated media discourse may directly affect the perception of Latin American migration in the broader public consciousness.
Images of animals in the poetry by Alina Podgornova
In a lyrical text, the expressive means of the author’s intentions are images, endowed with symbolic load and semantic multidimensionality. The study of the functional and semantic significance of animalistic images is a productive research strategy that allows us to present an objective picture of the level of development and national-aesthetic originality of artistic discourse as a whole. This scientific problem based on the material of Mordvin women's creativity has not yet studied. In this regard, it is interesting to trace the frequency, symbolic load, traditional semantics and the author's reading of animal images, poetically described in the works of female authors. The description of animalistic images in the poetry of the Erzya author Alina Podgornova, a representative of postmodernism, is significant. The subject of the study in the article is the functional and semantic features of the images of animals and insects in the author's poems and fables. The methodological basis of the work is determined by the method of holistic analysis of the artistic text, by means of which the structural and substantive components of the lyrical work are described, and the semantic and symbolic organization of the poetic image is revealed. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the aspects of animalistic imagery in A. Podgornova’s poem are analyzed for the first time. The article states that the author's lyrics feature a variety of images of animals (tiger, dog, cat, horse, snake, collective image of wild animals), insects (ant, butterfly, ladybug, spider, bees), possessing a symbolic meaning that is correlated with the established meaning in world culture, while at the same time there is an individual creative interpretation of images.
The tradition of rhetoric vitia as a source of poetic devices in the Hisperica Famina (116–132)
The present article is a treatment of the ancient grammar concept vitium (vitia, grammatical mistakes) in the language of the Hisperic poetic circle. The second part of the "Hisperica famina" (lines 116–132 which are considered a separate poem and called “The twelve mistakes”) forms the research material, presumably created in Ireland in the 7th century. The poem "Twelve Errors" stands out against the backdrop of other poems in the corpus, as it represents a reflection on the correctness of poetic speech. In it, the author of the poem (the faminator) lays out his professional poetic terminology based on the tradition of Latin grammar. The author of the article explores the specific of the faminator's poetic language regarding his literary sources. To achieve this goal, the author of the article briefly summarizes the specific of grammatical terminology in the faminator's sources – Isidore of Seville's "Etymologies" and Aelius Donatus's "Ars Maior" – and then moves on to describe the influence of these concepts on the analyzed text. Methodologically, the study represents a poetic analysis aimed at describing the specific of Hisperic poetics in the mentioned poem. As the study shows, the faminator deliberately allows numerous violations of rhetoric and grammar rules (vitia), which gives the poetics of the text a satirical hue of overt polemics with the whole Latin grammatical tradition. The deliberate use of these errors (which were undesirable within the framework of classical rhetoric) such as barbarism, solecism, pleonasm, tautology, etc., allows the author to form his own poetic language, which also reveals the influence of the grammatical literature read by the faminator. The poetics of wordplay, based on triggering of the listener's (reader's) background knowledge, is an integral part of the aesthetics of "Hisperica Famina" and, likely, of the entire Hisperic circle. This study contributes to a deeper analysis of the continuity between ancient rhetoric and Latin literature in Ireland, especially within the framework of the Irish tradition of Latin rhetoric.