ISSN (print): 2309-4370, ISSN (online): 2782-3016 Founder: Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education Editor-in-Chief: Oleg D. Mochalov, Doctor of Sc., Professor Frequency / Access: 4 issues per year / Open Included in: Higher Attestation Commission List, RISC
Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education
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A teacher of teachers: celebrating professor Nina Petrovna Khramkova's anniversary
The article is dedicated to the anniversary of Nina Petrovna Khramkova, candidate of historical sciences and professor of the Domestic History and Archeology Department at the Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education. Her work had a significant impact on the development of the Samara humanities pedagogical school. In addition to her teaching, N.P. Khramkova is actively involved in research; without her research on the role of culture during the Great Patriotic War, it is difficult to imagine regional historiography. The history of the country during the war years occupies a special place in N.P. Khramkova's work: articles on the work of higher education in wartime conditions, chronicles of the war years, the conduct of a special seminar for students, and supervision of dissertations by graduate students on this topic. In addition, N.P. Khramkova, together with students, restored the names of the university's faculty and students who died on the war fronts and were later immortalized in a memorial. Through her efforts, a university history museum was created, of which she remains the scientific curator to this day. A search of the archives helped identify seven Heroes of the Soviet Union – students of the history department – and their names are immortalized on memorial plaques located on the department building.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vibornov A.A., Mochalov O.D., Repinetsky A.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study of photosynthetic activity of Tilia cordata Mill. leaves in conditions of anthropogenic load
The article examines the influence of urban environment conditions on the photosynthetic activity of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.). The study was conducted on the territory of the city of Donetsk, which is characterized by a significant anthropogenic load. The aim of the work was to evaluate the functional state of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants by scanning pulse fluorometry. In the course of the work, leaf blades were selected from trees growing in areas with varying traffic intensity, as well as in the control group on the territory of the botanical garden. The results of the study showed that the greatest changes in photosynthetic activity were observed in plants in areas with high traffic congestion. They manifested themselves in a significant decrease in the effective quantum yield of photosystem II and the speed of electronic transport, as well as in an increase in the parameters of non-photochemical quenching, which indicates the adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to stressful conditions. Plants in areas with moderate load did not show significant deviations from the control. The data obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the pulse fluorometry method for early diagnosis of stress in woody plants in an urban environment. The results of the work can be used to develop a bioindication system and monitor the state of urban green spaces in industrial regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Antropova L.P., Chufitsky S.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental monitoring of cadmium content in the zone of influence of temporary oil sludge storage sites
The presence of cadmium in soil and agricultural plants, even in small concentrations, can lead to a cumulative effect, having long-term negative effects on ecosystems and living organisms. One of the sources of cadmium pollution in the Orenburg Region are temporary storage sites for oil sludge. A study was conducted of the cadmium content in soils in agricultural areas of the Orenburg Region 100 meters from sources of oil sludge pollution and at a distance of 2 km, as well as the dynamics of its transport to the human food chain through wheat grain. Ecological monitoring of the cadmium content showed that the change in the multiplicity of exceeding its mobile form for 2023–2025. in the studied soils is from 1 to 2, in wheat grain – from 1 to 3. In soils located 100 meters from the boundaries of temporary oil sludge storage sites and 2 km from them, MPCs are exceeded in various variations depending on the remoteness of the source of pollution. In wheat grain, there is an excess of MPC in samples growing 100 meters near the sources. The investigated territories are classified as areas of critical environmental situation and require strict measures to comply with environmental legislation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Baitelova A.I., Solopova V.A., Pobilat A.E. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dynamics of the ground vegetation cover during successional recovery of wood sorrel spruce forest on fallow land in the Lisinsky Nature Reserve (Leningrad Region)
The study examines the dynamics of ground-cover vegetation parameters in aspen-dominated communities with tree layer ages of 10, 20, 55, and 65 years, formed within the Lisinsky Nature Reserve (Tosno District, Leningrad Region). The investigated plant communities, located within a single forest tract, were considered as a spatial-temporal series representing the secondary succession of Oxalis-type spruce forests on abandoned agricultural land. Ground-cover vegetation was surveyed with sample plots of 0,1 m², where were recorded total projective cover of the herb-shrub and moss-lichen layers, species-specific vascular plants projective cover, total species richness, projective litter cover, and maximum herb layer height. For these parameters, basic statistical characteristics were calculated. Based on the species composition and cover values of vascular plants, Pielou’s evenness index and Simpson’s diversity index were used to assess dominance and distribution evenness within the herb-shrub layer. The results show that, with increasing age of the tree layer, species richness, total projective cover, herb layer height, and litter cover tend to decline. Diversity indices indicate the absence of dominant species and a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in the herb-shrub layer. Floristic similarity with meadow community in both species composition and species participation remains noticeable for up to 20 years after initial colonization of abandoned land by aspen.
Copyright (c) 2025 Varganova I.V., Bakkal I.Y., Gorshkov V.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as bioindicators of anthropogenic load in the urban ecosystem of Cherepovets
The article presents the results of a study of the fauna and population of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the conditions of the industrial city of Cherepovets. The study was conducted in 2023–2024 in areas with different levels of anthropogenic load: in the residential zone (Makarinskaya Roshcha) and the industrial zone (production site and sanitary protection zone of PJSC Severstal). The material was collected using Barber soil traps. The aim of the work was to assess the species composition, abundance and dominance structure of ground beetles as a basis for their use in bioindication of the urban environment. A total of 15 species of ground beetles from 7 genera were registered in the city. The greatest species richness (12 species) was characteristic of the residential zone, while only 6 species were found in the industrial zone. The abundance of ground beetles in the residential zone (2,38 ind./10 trap-days) was twice as high as in the industrial zone (1,19 ind./10 trap-days). The dominant species in the residential zone were Pterostichus niger (Schaller, 1783) and Pterostichus nigrita (Paykull, 1790), and in the industrial zone – Pterostichus niger. The Shannon diversity index confirmed more favorable conditions in the residential zone (H′ = 1,568) compared to the industrial (H′ = 1,098) and sanitary protection zones (H′ = 0,811). The analysis of the food base showed that in the residential area, the density of ground beetles is approaching the availability of their preferred food sources, indicating the intensity of trophic relations. A comparative analysis with the fauna of ground beetles in other industrial cities of Russia (Grozny, Kazan, Kemerovo) revealed a significantly poorer species composition and simplified structure of communities in Cherepovets. The results obtained indicate the high sensitivity of ground beetles to technogenic impact and confirm their promise as bioindicators for monitoring the state of the environment in urban ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Glushenkov I.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tula botanical and geographical region (some materials on the region's characteristics)
Tula botanical and geographical district is allocated by S.M. Razumovsky in the author's scheme of botanical and geographical zoning. The district territorially reflects the area of the succession system of broad-leaved forests with key forest-forming species of common ash Fraxinus excelsior L., heart-leaved linden Tilia cordata Mill. and sweet oak Quercus robur L. The Tula district covers a significant part of the East European Plain, occupying a central position in the territorial structure of the East European forests. S.M. Razumovsky outlined the boundaries of the district, provided a list of leading species, and indicated excision and pyrogenic succession series. The purpose of this study is to supplement the description of the Tula botanical and geographical area, remaining within the framework of the concept of the botanical and geographical area of S.M. Razumovsky, in particular, to draw the boundaries of the district in more detail, to consider the features of the territorial structure and patterns of territorial differentiation of vegetation cover. According to the concept of the vegetation zone of S.M. Razumovsky, the zonal vegetation on the territory of the district should be considered forest vegetation, represented by broad-leaved forests. Two structural parts are clearly expressed within the district – the «core» and the «periphery». In the «core» area, which covers the northwestern part of the region with a climate favorable for the development of zonal forest vegetation, there is a maximum diversity of broad-leaved forests. In the «periphery» area, which covers the space of forest-steppe and steppe landscapes, the zonal forest vegetation experiences a lack of moisture, resulting in its limited distribution.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gorichev Y.P. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of high doses of ultraviolet radiation on the structure of the reproductive glands of sexually mature male white rats
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an important component of sunlight and is widely used in various fields of medicine, cosmetology, and industry. The biological effects of UV radiation are of particular interest due to its ubiquitous presence in the environment, particularly in sunlight, as well as its use in medicine, cosmetics, and industry. It is known that moderate doses of UV radiation have beneficial properties, such as stimulating the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin, improving mood, and boosting immunity. Nevertheless, high doses of UV radiation can cause tissue damage by stimulating the formation of free radicals, leading to photodamage of the skin, eyes, and internal organs. Of particular interest is the potential impact of intense UV radiation on the reproductive system of mammals. Although some studies have been conducted on the effects of excessive UV exposure on various organs and tissues, the impact of high doses of UV on the reproductive system remains understudied, which could potentially affect the ability to reproduce offspring. In our previous research, we found that high doses of ultraviolet radiation had a negative effect on the reproductive function of the male reproductive glands, particularly on the formation of male reproductive cells (sperm). However, the nature of the structural changes that occur in the male gonads themselves remained largely unknown. The conducted experimental study showed that the influence of large doses of ultraviolet radiation has a negative effect on the morphological structure of the male reproductive glands. Special attention should be paid to the fact that the histological specimens showed convoluted seminiferous tubules with no spermatozoa in their lumens. Where spermatozoa were visible, they were more dispersed and in smaller numbers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dudenkova N.A., Shubina O.S., Uzertsova E.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the impact of construction and installation works on flora during the laying of an inter-settlement gas pipeline in Samara Luka
The construction of infrastructure facilities in intensively developed areas, as well as in protected areas, makes the issue of potential changes to the natural environment increasingly relevant. This article presents the results of a geobotanical assessment conducted during the design phase (2023) and construction and installation work (2024) for the construction of an inter-settlement gas pipeline in the Volzhsky District of the Samara Region (Samara Luka) from the village of Rozhdestveno to the village of Gavrilova Polyana. The focus is on a retrospective comparison of the state of the vegetation before and after construction and installation work for the inter-settlement gas pipeline in the Volzhsky District. For the first time in engineering and environmental survey practice, the Jaccard coefficient is used to quantitatively assess changes in the floristic composition. It was established that construction and installation works led to a localized decline in species diversity, a reduced occurrence of rare and vulnerable plant species, fragmentation and simplification of the structure of phytocoenoses, and the replacement of valuable steppe and meadow species with synanthropic and ruderal plants (e.g., Chenopodium album and Conyza canadensis). At the same time, in some sections, the pipeline was installed using conservation technologies without disturbing the soil and vegetation cover. The data obtained confirm the need for mandatory environmental monitoring and subsequent reclamation of disturbed areas to preserve the biodiversity of Samara Luka National Park.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kozlovskaya O.V., Ilyina V.N., Masterova A.V., Rogova N.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Forest ecosystems of Donbass in the conditions of military operations 2014–2025
The paper considers the issues of large-scale destruction of forest ecosystems of Donbass in the period 2014–2025. A comparative analysis of the data revealed a sharp contrast: before 2014, the fire situation was six times more stable, and the fire area was 1,64 times smaller than in subsequent years. The greatest losses of forest areas were recorded in areas directly affected by military operations or located in the zone of their indirect influence. Field studies and desk data processing clearly indicate the critical state of the forest ecosystems of Donbass, which have been devastated by the fighting (score IV–V points, which corresponds to dangerous violations in the range from 0,077 to 0,095). During the study of morphological parameters of plants (Quercus robur L., Tilia cordata Mill., Acer platanoides L. and Fraxinus excelsior L.), characteristic signs indicating the presence of damage caused by anthropogenic factors were recorded. Traces of chemical burns were found on the leaves, which manifest themselves in the form of changes in texture and color, which is direct evidence of the intense effects of chemicals formed during shell bursts. The identified foci of the most significant changes in forests provide important information for developing strategies for managing forest resources and restoring affected ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kornienko V.O., Kishkan R.V., Shkirenko A.O., Yaitsky A.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Biomorphological characteristics of the generative shoot and the content of flavonoids in the inflorescences of wild plants Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. in different populations of the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic
In the Komi Republic, meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.) (Rosaceae) grows throughout the forest zone, although less frequently in the north. Comparative studies of meadowsweet plants were conducted in two natural populations in the Syktyvdinsky District of the Komi Republic in 2020, 2022, and 2023. The first population was a grass-forb meadow in the Sokolovka tract, and the second was a grass-forb meadow on the left bank of the Sysola River. Meadowsweet flowers were collected for biochemical studies annually in the first half of July, during the period of mass budding and the beginning of flowering. Ten generative, moderately developed shoots were also selected to characterize the morphological traits of the wild plants. In 2022, the number of generative shoots was counted in triplicate in the studied natural populations, and the flower yield per 1 m² was determined. It was found that only one form of meadowsweet, F. ulmaria var. denudata, grows in the grass-forb meadows of the studied populations. Its leaves are green on both sides and glabrous underneath. The morphological characteristics of the generative shoot in both studied populations were characterized by similar indicators. The apical inflorescence on the main shoot is 8–23 cm long, can branch up to the third or fourth order and form from 264 to 1400 flowers. It was noted that per 1 m² of dense thickets of F. ulmaria, the number of generative shoots can vary from 34 to 45. The flower yield of Filipendula ulmaria is 1,5–2,5 cm. The yield of F. ulmaria per 1 m² was 132–190 g of raw material and 38–54 g of air-dried phytomass. It was established that the total flavonoid content in the air-dried flowers of F. ulmaria, regardless of the weather conditions of the growing season, was high (4,3–7,8%) and was within the range of indicators for this group of biologically active substances (2,9–12,0%) in plants of natural populations of F. ulmaria in other regions of Russia. The search for and selection of the most productive populations of F. ulmaria in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic is a reliable method for obtaining high-quality medicinal raw materials for the creation of new pharmaceuticals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Portnyagina N.V., Punegov V.V., Skrotskaya O.V., Echishvili E.E. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
On the relationship between the Neolithic and Eneolithic periods in the steppe Volga region (based on the 2024 excavations of the Algay site)
The relevance of this study is conditioned by identification of the ratio between Neolithic and Eneolithic complexes in the region under consideration. The scientific novelty is determined by as well stratigraphical data as original stone artifacts. The scientific significance is explained by the results of investigations that could be used in other regions beyond of borders of this territory. The planographic analysis registered in the different parts of site the finds belonged to different periods and different cultures in the upper horizon. During the excavation of 2024 the ceramics and point of the Bronze Age have been found. Below this layer, the cultural horizon with ceramics and stone inventory of Eneolithic was excavated. Original finds in this layer are numerous quartzite bifacial tools, including the point of the Khvalinian type. Below, under the sterile layer, there is the Neolithic Orlovskaya cultural layer. The pottery from this horizon was made of clay with organic solution and crushed shells. The vessels have straight walls and flat bottoms. They were ornamented in technique of retired pricks. Among the tools, the pointed scrapers prevailed. There are the symmetrical perforators and trapezes with planed back in stone tool collection. The bones of animals are represented by the remains of aurochs, tarpon, clean and sage. According to the radiocarbon dates, the upper layer of the Orlovskaya culture belongs to 6200 BP, but the Eneolithic layer is 5600 BP.
Copyright (c) 2025 Borodulin K.I., Vybornov A.A., Gilyazov F.F., Doga N.S., Vasilenko A.A., Surina E.O., Kulkova M.A., Yudin A.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
As a result of the Roman conquests of the second and first centuries BC, the entire Mediterranean was included in the orbit of influence of the Eternal City, and the fertile and rich Epirus, located in close proximity to Italy, was particularly attractive for further economic expansion of Rome. Written and archaeological sources record the active presence of the Romans in the region in the 1st century BC, the organization of their estates and the management of an extensive economy of the latifundial type. This is especially true of the figure of Titus Pomponius Atticus, whose activities in Epirus have been preserved most fully. The Roman latifundia of Epirus were multidisciplinary slave-owning estates of a predominantly intensive nature, with a leading role in cattle breeding and high profitability due to the demand for Epirus wool in Italy and army supplies during military campaigns. Archaeological materials indicate the intensive spread of latifundia in the territory of Epirus, known for its developed cattle breeding. The organization of such farms did not require serious investments from the owners, unlike estates such as villas, and allowed them to extract tangible profits.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kazarov S.S., Snezhko I.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Importance of the sacral factor in the Roman army of the early Empire
This article examines the problem of the importance of sacral factor for Roman soldiers of the early empire and the role of religious views in the army, which are applied to processes occurring within the Roman military system, including during the political crisis of the 3rd century A.D. The work identifies and analyzes the main factors that determine the worldview of the warriors, taking into account the importance of the leading military factor in the processes of expansion and evolution of the general Roman pantheon, Also taking into account the complexity and heterogeneity of ideological relations in the early Roman Empire. The moral and ethical aspects of military service for Christian soldiers are addressed. The systematization of the causes that determined the formation of the religious worldview of the Roman warriors indicates that the main aspects were specific historical factors that determined the immediate needs and life of soldiers, religious preferences of the ruling dynasty, The nationality of the soldiers, as well as the religious environment in the provinces where the soldiers were stationed. The study also makes it possible to draw conclusions that the formation of an army pantheon with a specific set of cults took place in the era of principate, in the process of professionalization of the army and its separation from the civilian collective.
Copyright (c) 2025 Trifonova O.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Child and adolescent paleoanthropological materials from the medieval Agarak burial ground (paleopathological aspect)
The article presents the results of a study of the skeletal remains of non-adult individuals from the medieval cemetery of Agharack (Aragatsotn Province, Armenia). The material includes the remains of sixteen children and adolescents unearthed during archaeological excavations and currently housed in the Laboratory of Physical Anthropology at the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia. The aim of the study is to assess the living conditions and biosocial status of the non-adult population of early medieval Agharack. The sex and age characteristics of the individuals were determined, and pathological changes in the cranial and postcranial bones were identified, reflecting living conditions, dietary patterns, and the impact of infectious diseases. Evidence of cribra orbitalia, periostitis, Harris lines, and other stress markers indicates a high level of physiological and infectious stress. The increased frequencies of physiological stress markers (particularly cribra orbitalia) and other pathological indicators are interpreted not as signs of maladaptation, but rather as evidence of adaptive responses of the child segment of the Agharack population to environmental stressors. Of particular interest is a case of unintentional parietal cranial deformation in one individual, probably associated with carrying loads on the back. The obtained data contribute to a better understanding of the demographic and biosocial characteristics of the medieval population of Armenia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khudaverdyan A.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
General George Monck and the establishment of the English occupation regime in Scotland in 1654–1658
This article examines the integration of Scotland into the English Commonwealth in the 1650s. It analyzes the reasons why the country's legal consolidation as part of the Independent Republic took over two years. Governors played a leading role in this process, working to pacify the restless region. Particular attention is paid to General George Monck, appointed governor in April 1654. His policies combined elements of coercion and collaboration with the Scottish population. Coercion consisted of the use of repressive measures against royalist-minded Scots. Arrests and property confiscations were threatened for those who supported Glencairn's rebellion. Furthermore, a widespread intelligence network was created that signaled the sentiments of the Scottish people toward the English occupation regime. Collaboration consisted of encouraging Scots who were willing to reaffirm their loyalty to Cromwell's Protectorate. Trustworthy members of the Scottish nobility, who had once opposed the English republican army, could count on a reduction in their debt obligations to the English government. The authors conclude that it was precisely this policy of General George Monck that cemented English dominance over Scotland in the 1650s.
Copyright (c) 2025 Egorov A.A., Taiurskii M.D. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The road from Jerusalem to Jaffa and the subsequent transfer by ship to Odessa according to the memoirs of the pilgrims of the last third of the XIX century
The features of the return of pilgrims from Palestine to their homeland to Russia are considered, in the context of the first two stages: from Jerusalem by land to the coastal port of Jaffa and crossing from the coast of Jaffa to the ship following the course to Odessa. The study is based on travel notes and memoirs of four travelers who traveled to the Holy Land in the last third of the 19th century. A female view of moving from Jerusalem to the Mediterranean coast and further crossing by boat to a steamer standing on a roadstead near the port is presented. All the difficulties and experiences that fans had to face in the first two stages of returning to their homeland are shown. It is noted that until August 1892, pilgrims had to make an equestrian passage (in a carriage or on horseback) from Jerusalem to Jaffa, and later, when the train was launched, the pilgrims did not experience any difficulties in moving from one city to another. It is concluded that it was quite difficult for travelers to cross from shore to ship, which is confirmed by the description of the second stage of the trip for all four fans. This was due, first of all, to the constant excitement at sea, which did not allow longboats to freely transport pilgrims to steamboats.
Copyright (c) 2025 Korzhenevsky K.B. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Microbiologists Z.V. Yermolyeva and L.A. Zilber: science, family, and friendship
In recent years, the problem of the scientific family has become increasingly popular in Russian historiography. Historians, following sociologists, cultural scientists and psychologists, turn to various aspects of family and kinship relations among Russian scientists of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. This article examines the relationship between famous Soviet scientists in the field of microbiology, Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolyeva (1898/1897–1974) and Lev Alexandrovich Zilber (1894–1966): their marriage lasted several years, friendship for the rest of their lives, as well as professional and scientific intersections. The initial stage of the scientific biography of both scientists is considered, common and different aspects of their entry into the path of research are revealed, as well as the general circle of their scientific acquaintances. Special attention is paid to the role of Z.V. Ermolyeva in the struggle for the release from prison of L.A. Zilber, who got there during the repression. This aspect has not been studied by the authors before, which allows us to note the novelty of this article. The main source base was unpublished documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Economics, the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, as well as published sources represented by memoirs of these scientists.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gorshenin A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social sentiments of residents of an industrial city during the first stage of Khrushchev’s thaw (using the city of Gorky as an example)
The article examines some features of the perception by Soviet citizens of the socio-economic and political processes that took place in the middle of the 20th century. Particular attention is paid to the study of their reaction to the key events of this period. The purpose of this study is to study the moods of 1954–1958, the initial stage of the «thaw», when public expectations from the reforms carried out under the leadership of N.S. Khrushchev were most clearly outlined. Objectives: analysis of the perception of events of foreign and domestic policy during the period of strengthening of N.S. Khrushchev's position in power by residents of the city of Gorky and the region – the largest Soviet industrial and scientific center of the USSR; consideration of their attitude to the political and socio-economic changes of those years. The source base is documents from the funds of the State Socio-Political Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. The following conclusions were made as a result of the study. Firstly, the local party and state elite sought to implement the political decisions of the central government in the Gorky Region precisely and within a certain time frame. Residents focused the attention of the local government on some consequences of the implementation of state policy, which was associated with the regional characteristics of the population's life. Secondly, in the public mood of the region, a combination of commitment to party ideology, maintaining faith in the people's character of power with a critical attitude to specific steps in the domestic and foreign policy of the new leadership of the country, the emergence of obvious signals of mistrust of the party and state elite comes to the forefront.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abrakova T.A., Varakin S.A., Grebenyuk A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Content of ideological work with Soviet youth in 1960–1980 (on the example of industrial enterprises in Kuibyshev Region)
The article examines various forms of work of Soviet party and public organizations for the ideological and political education of workers, the development of their labor and socio-political activity, and the ideological support of production tasks at industrial enterprises in the 1960s and 1970s. Attention is drawn to the importance of youth in strengthening interethnic unity and its role in the socio-historical transformations of a multinational state. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the article describes the organization of political and economic studies, party propaganda and political information, and measures to increase the effectiveness of the use of mass media in ideological and political work. The article concludes that the formation of a communist worldview, ideological conviction, and a conscious attitude to work among workers took place mainly in the system of party studies and economic education. It is especially noted that the expansion of political and economic education of workers had a fruitful effect on the affairs of production, on its technical improvement, and contributed to raising workers' consciousness. However, the existing shortcomings in the implementation of ideological work did not allow for a fundamental improvement in the state of labor discipline at industrial enterprises in the Kuibyshev Region in the 1960s and 1970s.
Copyright (c) 2025 Samsonova I.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Markers of national identity in modern Bashkortostan (based on the analysis of reviews about the international festival «Na Rakhat»)
The article examines the problem of forming a constructive national identity in Bashkortostan by referring to numerous reviews in regional media, mass media, as well as responses from ordinary visitors – residents and guests of the city – about the event in the capital of the republic in the summer of 2025. It is shown that the reviews of visitors to the international festival «Na Rakhat» actualize the main markers of national identity associated with the cultural code, a healthy lifestyle as the basis of the vitality of the ethnic group, pride in Bashkiria as a center of health and tourism, patriotism. The bathhouse in the culture of the Turkic peoples occupies an important place in their lives. Belief in its effectiveness among the population is growing. In our opinion, this is due to the interest of the population in a healthy lifestyle through a traditionally established culture in which a prominent role belongs to the bathhouse, herbal medicine, and spiritual practices. The analysis of the empirical material illustrates the emergence of a similar feeling of continuity of the traditions of the bathhouse culture among most festival visitors, the improvement of the bathhouse as an ethnically significant element of the Turkic traditional life taking into account the needs of a modern person, the revival of the idea of a harmonious combination of folk and scientific medicine. The intermediate results of the study can form the basis for an ethnosociological study on this problem.
Copyright (c) 2025 Salikhova E.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing agency in pedagogy students through participation in a Student Scientific Society
This article analyzes pathways for fostering agency in pedagogy students, positing that engaging students in research through a Student Scientific Society can be a key facilitating condition. It examines the mechanism of self-determination in student activities aimed at developing a sense of agency in their future professional field, arguing that participation in a Student Scientific Society acts as a primary catalyst for this activity. Despite the stated priority of the Russian educational system to develop a proactive, agentic stance in future educators, current theoretical and experimental literature on organizing Student Scientific Societies reveals a significant lack of methodological frameworks specifically designed to stimulate self-determination in students' scientific, communicative, professional, and other related activities. Fundamental to this research was the analysis of survey results, which uncovered the attitudes of contemporary Russian students regarding their scientific and professional futures. The survey also assessed their readiness to expand the scope of their transformative activities in work, communication, and self-awareness. The theoretical and empirical findings form the basis for proposing improvements to the structure and function of Student Scientific Societies. These proposed enhancements are designed to establish regulatory mechanisms for developing students' research culture. The approaches outlined in this study are intended to promote the process of the development of agency, with positive effects manifesting not only in scientific pursuits but also in other cultural subsystems, such as professional and social spheres.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azizova I.Y., Lagutina Y.V., Savinova L.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The concept of functional literacy in Russian pedagogy: from the eradication of literacy to the challenges of the digital era
The article addresses the issue of functional literacy as a key component of educational policy and pedagogy in the 21st century. The emphasis has shifted from eradicating illiteracy to the ability to apply knowledge in real-life situations, driven by socio-economic changes and digitalization. Functional literacy encompasses multiple components: reading, mathematical, scientific, digital, and critical literacy. A historical review traces the concept’s evolution from basic literacy eradication to comprehensive competencies essential for professional success and lifelong learning. The analysis of core functions–adaptive, developmental, propaedeutic, rehabilitative, and career-oriented–reveals its role in social and personal development. Recent studies highlight the importance of integrating methodological approaches, considering globalization and localization, as well as addressing digital inequality. A systematic model for functional literacy formation is proposed, reflecting the dynamic changes in educational needs and digital transformation of society. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity for ongoing monitoring and updating of pedagogical practices to align with these transformations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Akopian V.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Opportunities of network design in the formation of students' professional competence
The article substantiates the importance of developing future teachers' professional competence through network design in the current conditions of digital transformation of society and the state, as well as changes in the characteristics of modern youth (critical thinking, clip-based perception, and gamification of the world, etc.). The article also explores the role of a teacher's patriotic stance in fostering the patriotism of the younger generation. It is argued that network design is associated with the structural positioning of unlimited numbers of interconnected participants, with the possibility of adding new links and complexes to the system for organized shared resource use, a system of mutual influence and connections between professional communities of teachers, organized synchronously or asynchronously. The effectiveness of project technology in network interaction is examined using the example of crowdsourcing and confirmed by the results of an express survey of the emotional, communicative, and technological attitudes of future teachers from two universities: Kuban State University and Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev. Crowdsourcing technology is presented in the form of a technological map of a practical lesson on the consideration of a pedagogical case for future teachers in the academic discipline «Theory and Technology of Education» in four stages: introductory, prognostic, design, and final.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aldoshina M.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Studying the problem of developing motivation for professional and pedagogical activity among future biology teachers
Motivation is an internal or external force that motivates a person to act, guides his behavior, and determines the goals he strives for. It plays a crucial role in an individual's life and influences his actions, decisions and achievements, including in the field of vocational training and further work. The multifunctionality of the professional activities of biology teachers, the special demands that society places on the personality of a teacher, and the changing context of the modern educational situation determine the need to develop a solid system of professional and personal motives for future specialists. The article presents the results of a study on the development of motivation for professional and pedagogical activity among first- and fourth-year students studying in the field of «Pedagogical Education» (profile «Biological education»). Through the use of questionnaire methods, psychological and pedagogical testing, and analysis of the results of students' creative activity (the content of the pedagogical essay), data were obtained that make it possible to identify the features of professional motivation of first-year students and graduates of a pedagogical university, as well as the problems of developing the motivational sphere of future biology teachers. Based on the conducted empirical research, the conditions for the formation of professional motives of students during the development of the teaching profession are substantiated, as well as ways to maintain and develop it are proposed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andreeva N.D., Malinovskaya N.V., Masyutenko A.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Foreign language teaching for social and cognitive activity of older adults: pedagogical aspects
The article discusses the potential of foreign language learning as a means of maintaining social and cognitive activity in senior learners and older adults. It argues that mastering a foreign language in the third age is not only a tool for intellectual growth, but also a mechanism for socialisation, overcoming isolation and maintaining psychological well-being. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study comprises ideas from pedagogy, andragogy, foreign language teaching, second language acquisition, and psychology of learning, as well as a cognitive and communicative approaches to foreign language teaching. Particular attention is paid to heuristic methods and techniques that ensure the effectiveness of older adults’ language learning. These methods contribute to the activation of cognitive processes, the development of communication skills, the reduction of anxiety and the increase of intrinsic motivation among third-age language learners It should be noted that these methods also imply social significance, as they create a favourable environment for overcoming age-related isolation, establishing new social connections and strengthening a sense of community among senior learners. The analysis confirms the need to introduce humanistic communicative methods into programmes for third-age learners, allowing mastering a foreign language to be viewed as an important tool for active longevity and social involvement. Thus, the targeted use of foreign language resources opens up new horizons for improving the quality of life of older adults.
Copyright (c) 2025 Budarina A.O., Gomina A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The culture of moral development of students and teachers of higher education as a pedagogical problem
This article explores the role of cultural and moral phenomena in the spiritual renewal of contemporary Russian society and argues that genuine spiritual renewal of society is possible only through the constant perception, rethinking, and development of moral foundations within the cultural environment, where morality becomes an integral part of the cultural process, and culture becomes a space for expressing moral ideals and implementing them in social practice. It substantiates the importance of the culture of moral development of the individual for the spiritual renewal of society and addresses the issue of the culture of moral development of students and teachers in higher education within the context of contemporary scientific pedagogical discourse. It proposes an interpretation of the culture of moral development of students and teachers in higher education as a complex, multifaceted process of developing an individual's moral experience, expressed in the purposeful, systematic, and consistent improvement of the individual as a subject of public morality and individual morality. It is argued that the culture of moral development is integrated into the educational process at the university, defining the content of moral education. It is argued that, despite the distinctive characteristics of the culture of moral development of students and teachers, such culture appears as a holistic pedagogical phenomenon. The features of the culture of moral development are revealed in the context of student and teacher activities. It is demonstrated that the concepts of «culture of moral development of the individual» and «moral culture of the individual» are interrelated but not identical. The article substantiates the need to coordinate scientific research and integrate the efforts of the scientific community in developing common methodological and practical solutions to the problem of the culture of moral development of students and university teachers by creating a Scientific Council for the Culture of Moral Development of Students and Teachers of Higher Education at the Department of Education and Culture of the Russian Academy of Education. The functions of the Scientific Council are identified: scientific and methodological, coordinating, diagnostic and evaluative, advisory and expert, and educational and organizational functions. Areas of activity for the Scientific Council are proposed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vrublevskaya E.G., Pozdnyakova O.K. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organizational and methodological conditions for personal and professional development of teachers in the information and communication educational environment
The relevance of the study is due to the ongoing objective changes in the professional and pedagogical activities of modern higher education teachers in aspects related to the content, tools, and forms of information interaction between the subjects of the educational environment. The need to meet the challenges of the time and carry out professional activities in an educational process based on the active use of information and communication technologies highlights the importance of improving the personal and professional qualities of modern higher education teachers. The article describes the organizational and methodological conditions that ensure the effectiveness of a teacher's personal and professional development in the information and communication educational environment. The article discusses the self-educational activities of teachers as part of improving their professionalism in the implementation of information and communication technologies; presents the experience of implementing various forms of advanced training and retraining for teachers in the field of introducing new technologies, tools, and means of informatization and communication; also highlights the importance of scientific and methodological seminars that address the issues of improving teaching activities in an information and technology-rich educational environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Garaeva E.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Qualimetric monitoring of the development of professional competencies in technosphere safety
Pedagogical studies are usually aimed at qualitative transformation of educational processes. It can transform the content of education, methods and means of its implementation, methodological material, pedagogical conditions. Confirmation of positive transformations in the educational process, occurs through the evaluation of results, which allows step by step on the basis of evaluation methods to carry out control procedures and monitor the achievement of the goals and objectives. The condition of specialist training is to harmonize and adapt the requirements and demands of the professional community and educational programs according to the criteria of education content, formed hard skills and soft skills of specialists. To fulfill this condition, higher education institutions should develop professional competence matrices that allow designing the content of education, methods and forms of its implementation aimed at the formation of practical competences. As well as evaluation procedures for carrying out formative and cumulative monitoring of specialist training. It is impossible to answer the question of quality training on educational programs and guarantee the professional community personnel supply without the evidence base of the educational process for the formation of professional competences. Evaluation procedures during the implementation of the educational program should be based on methodological bases in order to comply with the principles of fundamentals, science and technology. Compliance with methodological principles will allow to translate the evaluation process in the level of designed on scientific knowledge and experience, use fundamental approaches (systemic, process, qualimetric, normative) in the development of a system for monitoring the learning process, application of evidence-based methods and evaluation techniques, translating the monitoring process into a managed and systemic one; and, monitoring results into a comprehensive set of results that are repeated under the same conditions and using the same methods. Assessment of the formation of competencies of a specialist should be carried out in two directions: quantitative evaluation (absolute assessments of achievement, level of competences) and qualitative (professional skills, hard skills and soft skills). For monitoring, it is necessary to develop an algorithm in the format of a regulated procedure with determination of evaluation means, evaluation cycles and documentation of control actions).
Copyright (c) 2025 Gorina L.N., Panishev A.L., Freze T.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Freewriting as a means of overcoming writing blocks in academic EFL contexts: opportunities and limitations
The article explores the freewriting method and its influence on the alleviation of writing challenges, such as the writer’s block, among second-year students of the Ural Federal University majoring in linguistics and other subjects. It presents the results of an experimental study in which 46 students took part, 29 from a linguistic program and 17 from a non-linguistic field. The following data were collected and analysed: the number of words students wrote in each writing iteration, uncommon elements (smiles, corrections, etc.), survey results, and general observations of the participants. The findings show that over half of the participants showed a positive trend in word count (51% of students of linguistics and 70% of the other group). Having analysed the uncommon elements, we can conclude that there is an increased expressive freedom, particularly among linguistics students. According to the survey, students positively evaluated the practice as reducing anxiety and building confidence when writing. However, there were several challenges. For instance, lack of motivation among some students, fear of negative evaluation, lack of the standard feedback from the teachers, distractions (e.g., classroom noise), extraneous factors (e.g., mood), declining novelty with repeated practice, challenges following the instructions that deviated from familiar writing formats. These results and the solutions detailed in the article can be used for further research of the freewriting method in education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dymova A.V., Kareva V.Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organizational and pedagogical conditions necessary for the formation of professional competencies of foreign students of a technical university based on reverse learning
The study made it possible to identify and structure a set of organizational and pedagogical conditions that contribute to the effective formation of professional competencies of international students of a technical university through reverse education. The bottom line is that in the process of professional training of international students, the adaptation of educational materials is carried out taking into account their cultural characteristics through a practice-oriented approach. This is due to the fact that foreign students often face certain difficulties in understanding the theoretical aspects of technical disciplines. This approach makes it possible to make the educational process more efficient and accessible to international students, overcoming barriers in understanding technical theory through practical activities. The organizational and pedagogical conditions were selected based on the classification developed by academician N.D. Nikandrov. During the analysis, two main categories of conditions were identified. The first is structural and managerial, which includes the formation of positive motivation for foreign students to participate in the reverse educational process and the appropriate training of teaching staff to implement this methodology in the educational process. The second is content-based and technological, providing for the introduction of electronic educational courses that complement the work programs of disciplines, and the development of a system of assessment materials, taking into account their differentiation in terms of complexity and research orientation. The achievement of the set goals is possible only if all the specified conditions are fully and timely observed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zakieva R.R., Arslanova R.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organizational and methodological aspects of professional training of university students based on a media-oriented approach
The dynamic nature of changes occurring in the professional training of university students is determined by the current requirements of the modern information society. They are associated with the formation of students' readiness for professional activity, for solving professional problems, for building interaction and communication with the professional community, with the formation of media literacy and media competence. In this regard, in the context of digital transformation of education, there is a need to search for fundamentally new approaches to the professional training of university students. The purpose of the article is to substantiate and identify organizational and methodological conditions for the formation of university students' readiness for professional activity based on a media-oriented approach. The objective of the article is to clarify the content of aspects with the help of which it is possible to describe the idea of a special organization of professional training of university students based on a media-oriented approach. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of scientific literature, as well as a metaphorical analysis in revealing the working definition of the concept of «media and educational communication». In accordance with the idea of a special organization of professional training of university students in the context of digital transformation of education, a media-oriented approach is presented that allows optimizing this process. The content of organizational and methodological support (organizational and methodological aspects) of professional training of university students has been identified and substantiated, which serves as the basis for the implementation of media technology for the formation of readiness for professional activity of university students. The media-oriented approach serves as the basis for the introduction and implementation of technology aimed at developing the readiness of university students for professional activity. This approach promotes the creation of new forms of interaction between participants in the educational process, which, in turn, improves the quality of professional training of university students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ivanushkina N.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Steps of students training towards practical translation in the field of veterinary medicine
The article considers the stages of students' paper is to identify two consecutive stages of training. The system of reference tables and practical tasks is proposed that allows to move from studying theoretical material to teaching practical translation. Special attention is paid to the systematic study of professional terminology, the development of skill to identify and apply translation transformations. The method of systemic analysis, general scientific analysis and description are proposed. An integrative approach which develops interdisciplinary relations is considered as effective to plan and prepare materials to be studied. The stated purpose, professional orientation of the terminology, exercises and text fragments under consideration determine the relevance of this topic. Along with the development of professional communication skills, students delve into linguistic aspects, get acquainted with the tasks of terminology study, types of special dictionaries, perform lexical and grammatical analysis of the original and translated texts, prepare for practical translation. The ability to understand and analyze the features of complex terms, abbreviations, developed in oral and written professional communication enhances motivation for self-development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kazakova L.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Game activities in physical training classes as a means of moral education of university students
This article substantiates the relevance of moral education for university students in the context of contemporary sociocultural changes and demonstrates the importance of developing strong moral convictions for the professional and personal development of future specialists. It argues for the need to integrate educational objectives into all areas of the educational process, including physical training. It explores the importance of physical training as a discipline with the potential to develop not only the physical but also the moral qualities of university students. It also demonstrates that play is an effective means of moral education in physical training classes. The article explores the potential of the main types of games used in physical training classes at universities (outdoor games, sports, relay races, ball games, and logical motor games) for fostering moral development in students. The article also identifies the potential of outdoor and sports games in promoting the moral development of university students. Examples of situations with pronounced moral content arising during sports and active games are presented. These games aim to develop students' experience making independent moral decisions in real-life situations, as well as foster responsibility, honesty, compassion, justice, and other moral qualities in future professionals. The role of the teacher as the organizer of the educational environment is explored, providing moral guidelines, simulating situations of moral choice, promoting reflection, and creating conditions for students to develop stable moral attitudes during physical training classes. It is demonstrated that game-based activities in physical training classes contribute to the simultaneous development of students' physical, spiritual, and moral values, becoming an integral element of the comprehensive educational work of a modern university.
Copyright (c) 2025 Klychkov S.A., Zalevskaya E.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Didactic potential of the English-language country studies game in the formation of sociocultural competence (based on the work of British and American artists)
The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of using gaming technologies to form sociocultural competence among middle school students. The work reveals the concepts of «sociocultural competence», «interactive technology», «game technology» reveals the component composition of sociocultural competence, substantiates the feasibility of using game methods in the educational process, and also considers the psychological and pedagogical features of students of the middle school. The authors diagnose the initial level of formation of sociocultural competence in students and develop a set of country studies games based on the lexical and grammatical material of the textbook «English in Focus (Spotlight)» for the 7th grade by Yu.E. Vaulin, J. Dooley, O.E. Podolyako and V. Evans with the introduction of country studies material (creativity of British and American artists) and aimed at its improvement. The authors conduct experimental work in English lessons at the middle school to develop socio-cultural competence with the introduction of a developed set of materials (board game) and analyze the results of experimental training, which makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed article is addressed to a wide range of readers and can be a valuable resource for teachers, methodologists and everyone who is interested in the use of gaming technologies in the educational process, as well as teachers who prepare students for subject (level) olympiads in English.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kulaeva O.A., Molchanova A.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The essence and structure of practice-oriented mathematical digital competence of future financial sector specialists
The article addresses current issues related to the development of professional competence among students of financial study programs in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. Particular attention is given to the fact that the modern system of higher education must ensure the training of specialists capable of effectively applying mathematical tools, digital technologies, and data analysis methods in their professional activities. An analysis of various scientific interpretations of the concept of «professional competence» in the context of training specialists in different fields has been conducted, which made it possible to identify the diversity of approaches to its definition. The necessity of developing practice-oriented mathematical digital competence in future finance professionals is substantiated. Such competence ensures graduates’ readiness to use mathematical models, methods, and digital tools in solving problems within the financial-economic and financial-management domains. The article reveals the essential characteristics of this competence, highlights its structural components (mathematical, cognitive-knowledge, practice-oriented, communicative-digital, value-motivational, and reflexive-evaluative), and establishes the importance of their formation among finance students in the process of learning mathematics. It is concluded that the development of practice-oriented mathematical digital competence is a crucial condition for improving the quality of training for financial sector specialists and enhancing their competitiveness in the labor market under the conditions of the digital economy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Skrinnik A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychological and pedagogical factors in the formation of counselors' (students of the pedagogical university) readiness for physical training of children in the camp
In modern society, summer camps occupy a significant place in the system of additional education for children, offering a variety of programs aimed at personal development and health promotion. Camp counselors (students of pedagogical universities) play a key role in organizing and implementing these programs, especially when it comes to physical training of primary school children. The readiness of camp counselors for this activity is largely determined by psychological and pedagogical factors that can facilitate effective interaction with children, the organization of a game-based physical training and health process, and the creation of a positive atmosphere. Comprehensive training of camp counselors, in particular, students of pedagogical universities, requires comprehensive consideration of psychological and pedagogical factors that influence their professional readiness to perform this important task. This article examines the main psychological and pedagogical factors (student motivation and personal readiness; interpersonal and communication skills; psychological stability, stress resistance; pedagogical competence; innovative thinking and creativity) that contribute to the development of professional readiness of counselors (students of a pedagogical university) for physical training of children in a summer camp. Methodological approaches and educational practices that contribute to the development of students' necessary skills and knowledge in the field of physical training of children in summer conditions are described.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khakho Z.K., Bereza N.A., Grebennikova V.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Diagnostics of professionally important qualities as a basis for self-determination of future teachers
The article examines the current problem of professional self-determination of future teachers in the context of implementing modern educational standards and the requirements of the professional core of higher pedagogical education as a key factor in their successful professional training. Professional self-determination is regarded as a fundamental condition for the development of subjectivity, enabling the individual to make choices between personal capabilities and social demands. The necessity of integrating diagnostic and practice-oriented tasks into the educational process to form the value-semantic foundations of the profession and develop career-guidance significant competencies is substantiated. The paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted at Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University involving 51 students of pedagogical specialties. Using the example of Technological practice (Psychological foundations of professional activity), the effectiveness of applying diagnostic tools to assess the dynamics of students' professionally important qualities is demonstrated. The results of the empirical study confirm statistically significant changes in the level of development of empathic, communicative, and organizational abilities of future teachers after completing the practice. It is concluded that the use of professionally oriented tasks contributes not only to the development of specific competencies but also to the formation of professional identity, ensuring the continuity of the self-determination process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chekalina M.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Modernization of the foreign language educational environment in the context of extracurricular activities of schoolchildren
This article is devoted to the analysis of the position of the foreign language educational environment in the methodological system of school education, assessment of its possibilities for teaching a foreign language and the formation of the language culture of the student. The concept of a foreign-language educational environment in relation to regular and extracurricular activities is revealed. The analysis of scientific sources is used as a research method. Among the trends of global development the authors identify trends that determine the development of the school system in the context of the digital educational environment. The analysis of the structure of the educational process and the forms of its organization in the context of modern educational trends is carried out. The methodological objectives of the stages of the educational process at school and the corresponding actions are considered. In the course of the study, the stages of the educational process are marked in terms of the variability of the conditions for the implementation of the educational process and manageability. The author hypothesizes that learning a foreign language as part of extracurricular activities will be especially effective in the presence of a foreign language educational environment integrated into the information and educational environment of the school. The authors analyzed the current forms of implementation of the foreign language educational environment in the structure of the information and educational environment of an educational organization. The article examines in detail the evolution of the concept of extracurricular activities and a foreign language educational environment. Based on the analysis, the structural components of the foreign language educational environment and the principles of its construction are determined.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shatalov A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0