Surgical site infection in HIV-positive patients with chronic spondylitis
- Authors: Aitova Y.A.1,2, Goncharov A.E.1,3, Zhuravlev V.Y.4, Dmitriev K.A.4, Aslanov B.I.1, Krasnov I.M.5, Mushkin A.Y.4,6, Yablonskiy P.K.4,5
-
Affiliations:
- I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University
- Saint George's Hospital
- Institute of Experimental Medicine
- St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology
- St. Petersburg State University
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University
- Issue: Vol 15, No 2 (2025)
- Pages: 371-377
- Section: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/2220-7619/article/view/311325
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-SSI-17782
- ID: 311325
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Introduction. The epidemic process of medical care-related infections complies to the general laws for development of epidemic process, although it has specific features. The probability for development of surgical site infection becomes precipitated by risk factors, which contribute to emergence of surgical site infection based on traits of pathology, patient populations and the specifics of hospital facility. The aim of the study was to evaluate HIV-related effect on developing surgical site infection in patients with chronic spondylitis. Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort epidemiological study was conducted. The inclusion criteria were met by 809 examined patients including 119 HIV-positive patients who underwent 192 surgical interventions. At admission, a patient provided a discharge summary describing the disease profile as well as HIV-positive status verified by infectious disease specialist through a comprehensive data assessment, no more than a month prior to admission. HIV-infected and HIV-free patients comprised exposed and unexposed cohort, respectively. Results. Tuberculous spinal lesions prevailed in HIV patients (p ≤ 0.001; RR = 4.864; 95% CI [3.070–7.707]). Almost all patients were at stage 4 HIV, and one patient — stage 3. The incidence of surgical site infection in patients with chronic infectious spondylitis was 5.01 per 100 operations (49 cases per 978 operations), in HIV patients it developed only in 2 cases of tuberculous spondylitis (the incidence was 1.04 per 100 operations). HIV-infection did not increase the risk of surgical site infection (p = 0.009; RR = 0.174; 95% CI [0.043–0.711]. Surprisingly, it turned out to observe higher risk of revision interventions in HIV-free patients (p = 0.007; RR = 1.783; 95% CI [1.149–2.768]). Conclusion. HIV-positive patients had higher risk of developing a tuberculous than a nonspecific lesion. The HIV status of patients with chronic infectious spondylitis did not significantly affect development of surgical site infection and increased incidence of revision operations. A potential reason for the final result is the long-term use of anti-tuberculosis drugs acting, in this case, as a preventive measure against developing surgical site infection.
Keywords
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Ya. A. Aitova
I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University; Saint George's Hospital
Author for correspondence.
Email: yana_aitova@mail.ru
PhD Student, Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology and Disinfection, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; Epidemiologist, St. Petersburg Saint George's Hospital
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; St. PetersburgA. E. Goncharov
I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University; Institute of Experimental Medicine
Email: yana_aitova@mail.ru
DSc (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Microorganisms, Institute of Experimental Medicine; Professor of the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology and Disinfection, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; St. PetersburgV. Yu. Zhuravlev
St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology
Email: yana_aitova@mail.ru
PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgK. A. Dmitriev
St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology
Email: yana_aitova@mail.ru
Bacteriologist
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgB. I. Aslanov
I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University
Email: yana_aitova@mail.ru
DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology and Disinfectology
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgI. M. Krasnov
St. Petersburg State University
Email: yana_aitova@mail.ru
Student
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgA. Yu. Mushkin
St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology; Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University
Email: yana_aitova@mail.ru
DSc (Medicine), Professor, Leading Researcher, Head of Department of Vertebrology, Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Head of the Scientific and Clinical Laboratory for Pathology of Locomotor System in Children, St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology; Professor of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; St. PetersburgP. K. Yablonskiy
St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology; St. Petersburg State University
Email: yana_aitova@mail.ru
DSc (Medicine), Professor, Director of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology; Vice-Rector for Medical Activities, St. Petersburg State University
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; St. PetersburgReferences
- Аитова Я.А., Мушкин М.А., Мушкин А.Ю., Асланов Б.И., Журавлев В.Ю., Дмитриев К.А. Эпидемиологический мониторинг инфекций области хирургического вмешательства при хронических инфекционных спондилитах // Профилактическая и клиническая медицина. 2023. Т. 88, № 3. С. 66–71. [Aitova Ya.A., Mushkin M.A., Mushkin A.Yu., Aslanov B.I., Zhuravlev V.Yu., Dmitriev K.A. Epidemiological monitoring of surgical site infections in chronic infectious spondylitis. Profilakticheskaya i klinicheskaya meditsina = Preventive and Clinical Medicine, 2023, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 66–71. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.47843/2074-9120_2023_3_66
- Афонина Л.Ю., Белова Е.Г., Бессараб Т.П., Волова Л.А., Воронин Е.Е., Галлиулин Н.И., Гейне М.Д., Гусев Д.А., Долгушина Н.В., Зюзя Ю.Р., Карев В.Е., Козырев О.А., Корсак В.С., Кузнецова А.В., Латышева И.Б., Литвинова Н.Г., Набиуллина Д.Р., Нагибина М.В., Назаренко Т.А., Ольшанский А.Я., Пархоменко Ю.Г., Плотникова Ю.К., Подымова А.С., Позднякова Л.Л., Пронин А.Ю., Радзиховская М.В., Розенберг В.Я., Серебряков Е.М., Сивачева И.Л., Цинзерлинг В.А., Цыганова Е.В., Штанев Д.В., Юрин О.Г., Яппаров Р.Г. ВИЧ-инфекция у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации, 2020. 114 с. [Afonina L.Yu., Belova E.G., Bessarab T.P., Volova L.A., Voronin E.E., Galliulin N.I., Gejne M.D., Gusev D.A., Dolgushina N.V., Zyuzya Yu.R., Karev V.E., Kozyrev O.A., Korsak V.S., Kuznecova A.V., Latysheva I.B., Litvinova N.G., Nabiullina D.R., Nagibina M.V., Nazarenko T.A., Ol’shanskij A.Ya., Parhomenko Yu.G., Plotnikova Yu.K., Podymova A.S., Pozdnyakova L.L., Pronin A.Yu., Radzihovskaya M.V., Rozenberg V.Ya., Serebryakov E.M., Sivacheva I.L., Cinzerling V.A., Cyganova E.V., Shtanev D.V., Yurin O.G., Yapparov R.G. HIV infection in adults. Clinical guidelines, 2020. 114 p. (In Russ.)]
- Брико Н.И., Божкова С.А., Брусина Е.Б., Жедаева М.В., Зубарева Н.А., Зуева Л.П., Иванова Е.Б., Казачек Я.В., Квашнина Д.В., Ковалишена О.В., Кузьменко С.А., Павлов В.В., Пасечник И.Н., Попов Д.А., Цигельник А.М., Цой Е.Р., Шмакова М.А., Шубняков И.И., Яковлев С.В. Профилактика инфекций области хирургического вмешательства. Клинические рекомендации. Н. Новгород, 2018. 72 с. [Briko N.I., Bozhkova S.A., Brusina E.B., Zhedaeva M.V., Zubareva N.A., Zueva L.P., Ivanova E.B., Kazachek Ya.V., Kvashnina D.V., Kovalishena O.V., Kuz’menko S.A., Pavlov V.V., Pasechnik I.N., Popov D.A., Cigel’nik A.M., Coj E.R., Shmakova M.A., Shubnyakov I.I., Yakovlev S.V. Prevention of surgical site infections. Clinical guidelines. Nizhniy Novgorod, 2018. 72 p. (In Russ.)]
- Брико Н.И., Брусина Е.Б., Зуева Л.П., Ковалишена О.В., Ряпис Л.А., Стасенко В.Л., Фельдблюм И.В., Шкарин В.В. Госпитальный штамм — непознанная реальность // Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2013. Т. 68, № 1. С. 30–35. [Briko N.I., Brusina E.B., Zueva L.P., Kovalishena O.V., Ryapis L.A., Stasenko V.L., Fel’dblyum I.V., Shkarin V.V. Hospital strain — mysterious reality. Epidemiologiya i vaktsinoprofilaktika = Epidemiology and Vaccine Prophylaxis, 2013, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 30–35. (In Russ.)]
- Брико Н.И., Брусина Е.Б., Квашнина Д.В., Ковалишена О.В., Полибин Р.В., Стасенко В.Л., Фельдблюм И.В. Эпидемиологическая диагностика инфекционных болезней, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи, на основе стандартных определений случая. Методическое руководство, 2023. 52 с. [Briko N.I., Brusina E.B., Kvashnina D.V., Kovalishena O.V., Polibin R.V., Stasenko V.L., Fel’dblyum I.V. Epidemiological diagnosis of infectious diseases related to the provision of medical care, based on standard case definitions. Methodological guidance, 2023. 52 p. (In Russ.)]
- Васильева И.А., Баласанянц Г.С., Борисов С.Е., Бурмистрова И.А., Валиев Р.Ш., Ваниев Э.В., Вахрушева Д.В., Веселова Е.И., Воронин Е.Е., Зимина В.Н., Иванова Д.А., Казимирова Н.Е., Каминский Г.Д., Корниенко С.В., Краснов В.А., Кульчавеня Е.В., Ловачева О.В., Марьяндышев А.О., Мордык А.В., Морозова Т.И., Мотус И.Я., Панова А.Е., Пантелеев А.М., Паролина Л.Е., Перегудова А.Б., Перецманас Е.О., Русских А.Е., Самойлова А.Г., Синицын М.В., Скорняков С.Н., Стаханов В.А., Тинькова В.В., Токаев К.В., Тюлькова Т.Е., Черноусова Л.Н., Яблонский П.К. Туберкулез у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации, 2020. 79 с. [Vasil’eva I.A., Balasanyanc G.S., Borisov S.E., Burmistrova I.A., Valiev R.Sh., Vaniev E.V., Vahrusheva D.V., Veselova E.I., Voronin E.E., Zimina V.N., Ivanova D.A., Kazimirova N.E., Kaminskij G.D., Kornienko S.V., Krasnov V.A., Kul’chavenya E.V., Lovacheva O.V., Mar’yandyshev A.O., Mordyk A.V., Morozova T.I., Motus I.Ya., Panova A.E., Panteleev A.M., Parolina L.E., Peregudova A.B., Perecmanas E.O., Russkih A.E., Samojlova A.G., Sinicyn M.V., Skornyakov S.N., Stahanov V.A., Tin’kova V. V., Tokaev K.V., Tyul’kova T.E., Chernousova L.N., Yablonskij P.K. Tuberculosis in adults. Clinical guidelines, 2020. 79 p. (In Russ.)]
- Манграм А.Дж., Хоран Т.К., Пирсон М.Л., Сильвер Л.К., Джарвис В.Р. Профилактика инфекций в области хирургического вмешательства // Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2003. T. 5, № 1. С. 74–101. [Mangram A.J., Horan T.C., Pearson M.L., Silver L.C., Jarvis W.R. Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. Klinicheskaya mikrobiologiya i antimikrobnaya khimioterapiya = Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2003, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 74–101. (In Russ.)]
- Мушкин А.Ю., Вишневский А.А., Перецманас Е.О., Базаров А.Ю., Басанкин И.В. Инфекционные поражения позвоночника. Проект национальных клинических рекомендаций // Хирургия позвоночника. 2019. Т. 16, № 4. С. 63–76. [Mushkin A.Yu., Vishnevskij A.A., Perecmanas E.O., Bazarov A.Yu., Basankin I.V. Infectious lesions of the spine: draft national clinical guidelines. Khirurgiya Pozvonochnika = Russian Journal of Spine Surgery, 2019, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 63–76. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.14531/ss2019.4.63-76
- Хирургические инфекции кожи и мягких тканей. Российские национальные рекомендации. Изд-е 2-е, перераб. и доп. / Под ред. Б.Р. Гельфанда. М., 2015. 111 с. [Surgical infections of the skin and soft tissues. Russian national recommendations. 2nd edition, revised and expanded / Ed. by B.R. Gelfand. Moscow, 2015. (In Russ.)]
- Шувалова Е.В., Вишневский А.А. Коморбидность у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией и туберкулезным спондилитом как фактор риска инфекционных осложнений // Хирургия позвоночника. 2020. Т. 17, № 1. С. 96–101. [Shuvalova E.V., Vishnevsky A.A. Comorbidity in patients with HIV infection and tuberculous spondylitis as a risk factor for infectious complications. Khirurgiya Pozvonochnika = Russian Journal of Spine Surgery, 2020, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 96–101. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.14531/ss2020.1.96-101
- Allegranzi B., Bagheri Nejad S., Combescure C., Graafmans W., Attar H., Donaldson L., Pittet D. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet, 2011, vol. 333, no. 9761, pp. 228–241. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61458-4
- Global guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infection, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018. 186 p. URL: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/277399/9789241550475-eng.pdf?sequence=1
- Global report on infection prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2022. 182 p. URL: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/354489/9789240051164-eng.pdf?sequence=1
- Guidelines on core components of infection prevention and control programmes at the national and acute health care facility level. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016. 91 p. URL: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/251730/9789241549929-eng.pdf?sequence=1
- Guild G.N., Moore T.J., Barnes W., Hermann C. CD4 count is associated with postoperative infection in patients with orthopaedic trauma who are HIV positive. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 2012, vol. 470, no. 5, pp. 1507–1512. doi: 10.1007/s11999-011-2223-1
- Ifarraguerri A.M., Malyavko A., Stoll W.T., Patel S., Thakkar S. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on 2-year revision rates following lumbar fusion for degenerative spinal conditions: a retrospective cohort study. J. Spine. Surg., 2021, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 475–484. doi: 10.21037/jss-21-84
- Kigera J.W., Straetemans M., Vuhaka S.K., Nagel I.M., Naddumba E.K., Boer K. Is there an increased risk of post-operative surgical site infection after orthopaedic surgery in HIV patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2012, vol. 7, no. 8: e42254. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042254
Supplementary files
