№ 2 (2025)

Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze and summarize the most significant organizational issues of the creation and functioning of evacuation hospitals (evacuation hospitals, EG) of the People’s Commissariat of Health (People’s Commissariat of Health) of the USSR, issues of their participation in the general system of providing medical care and treatment to wounded and sick military personnel during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

Research materials and methods. Research materials – regulatory documents governing the procedure for the creation and functioning of evacuation hospitals of the People’s Commissariat of Health of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War; scientific papers and publications, including in electronic form, on the topic of the study. Research methods – historical method, methods of generalization and content analysis, analytical method, methods of comparison and description.

Research results and their analysis. The article presents generalized data on the establishment and activities of evacuation hospitals of the USSR People’s Commissariat of Health, which functioned in the general system of medical evacuation support (LEO) for wounded and sick servicemen, and demonstrates the necessity and significance of the titanic work done by medical workers of the EG in treating wounded and sick servicemen during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945.

Summary. The objective of the study is to analyze the current organizational models of functioning of territorial disaster medicine centers (TDMCs) of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (constituents).

Research materials and methods. Research materials – data on the number of emergencies, the number of victims, fatalities, hospitalizations and deaths in medical treatment organizations (MTOs) in dynamics in 2019-2024 and in the context of organizational models of TDMCs over a five-year period.

Research methods – direct observation method, SWOT-analysis, analytical, statistical processing method using a special information program.

Research results and their analysis. The advantages and potential risks of various organizational models of TDMCs are presented, which, taking into account the territorial characteristics of healthcare in specific entities, are important when choosing a particular model by the regional healthcare authority; the results of the study of medical and statistical indicators in emergencies and a comparison of their values in regions with different organizational models of TDMCs functioning are presented. Proposals have been made on promising options for organizing the provision of emergency medical care in the pre-hospital period at the regional level.

A conclusion has been made on the advisability of maintaining the variability of organizational models of the TCMC, taking into account the diversity of territorial features of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Summary. The purposies of the study are to determine the level of readiness of various categories of citizens to provide first aid; to identify the effectiveness of the Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice training method, taking into account the changes made to the legislative framework in the field of first aid and which came into force on September 1, 2024.

Research materials and methods. Research materials are federal laws, regulatory legal acts in the field of first aid in the Russian Federation, methodological recommendations for first aid training.

Research methods are an analytical method, methods of questionnaires, interviews, modeling, methods of synthesis, comparison, generalization, experiment.

Research results and their analysis. The Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice training method can be used to train persons who are obliged or entitled to provide first aid, including in the form of self-help, and is recommended for the formation of a sustainable skill along with the four-stage training method.

Summary. The aim of the study is to summarize the data contained in Russian and foreign scientific publications devoted to the study of resistance to the toxic effects of oxygen.

Materials and methods of the study. Research materials – scientific publications on the study of resistance to the toxic effects of oxygen. The search for publications was carried out using the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY, PubMed and Google Scholar for 2009-2024.

Research methods – analytical method and generalization method.

Research results and their analysis. Prevention of the toxic effects of oxygen and prediction of physiological reactions of the body of people working in conditions of increased pressure of gas and water environments or receiving oxygen barotherapy (oxygen therapy) in a pressure chamber have become highly significant. Individual tolerance to oxygen toxicity of the central nervous system (CNS) may vary slightly in the same person depending on his functional state and circadian rhythms. It has been suggested that resistance may depend on the genetically determined effectiveness of the antioxidant system, the amount of adipose tissue in the body, but there is no reliable evidence for this. It has also been reported that adaptation to hyperoxic exposure and degradation of adaptive mechanisms to it occur after a certain period of absence of such exposure, which requires further research.

Summary. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the severity of the condition and categories of combined injuries in victims of road accidents on the federal highway M–8 “Kholmogory” for planning further therapeutic and tactical strategies of the treatment process.

Materials and methods of research. The materials of the study are medical records of 50 patients who received shock injuries as a result of road accidents on the federal highway M-8 “Kholmogory” and were taken for treatment to the trauma center of the Arkhangelsk Regional Clinical Hospital. The research method is statistical using the STATA ver.12 program.

Research results and their analysis. Upon admission to the trauma center, the condition was assessed as severe and extremely severe in 70% of the victims. The distribution of victims according to the category of combined injuries, the severity of shock, as well as the seasonality of injury is presented.

Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze the nosological structure and prevalence of burns based on calls to the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) of Ryazan.

Research materials and methods. Research materials are reports of EMS teams. Research methods are an analytical method and a direct observation method. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 software packages with the “Data Analysis” add-on.

Research results and their analysis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to other study periods, significantly lower rates of appeals to the EMS of patients with burns were noted. A change in the structure of burn injuries was established, characterized by an increase in the number of chemical and a decrease in the number of thermal burns. The timeliness and adequacy of emergency medical care for patients with burns is confirmed by their low mortality in the prehospital period.

Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze international and national recommendations for first aid (FA) in hypoglycemia and, based on the results of the analysis, develop a draft universal algorithm for providing FA in hypoglycemia.

Research materials and methods. The study materials are scientific publications that present the results of original studies on the provision of FA in hypoglycemia, as well as international and national recommendations for providing FA in hypoglycemia. The analysis included recommendations published in 2014–2023.

Research results and their analysis. This paper provides an overview of current international and national guidelines on FA for hypoglycemia. Taking into account the provisions of the current guidelines, the authors have developed and proposed for open discussion a draft universal algorithm for providing FA for hypoglycemia, which determines the optimal sequence and content of measures to provide FA depending on the condition of the victim. The universal algorithm can serve as the basis for the development of a unified procedure for providing FA for hypoglycemia that would regulate and elaborate on the rules for providing FA in this emergency, as well as for the formation of standardized practices for training FA and providing FA for hypoglycemia, which, in turn, would help to increase the frequency and effectiveness of the provision of FA and reduce the mortality from this life-threatening condition. 

Summary. The objective of the study is to identify and analyze the factors that determine the need for scientific justification for the use of advanced methods, innovations and technologies of medical evacuation support (MES) in complicated emergency situations (ES) taking into account the experience of the Special Military Operation (SMO) and other armed conflicts.

Research materials and methods. Research materials are regulatory and legal documents, “field reports” on the work of mobile medical units (MMF) in complicated emergency situations, articles in Russian and foreign journals on the topic of the study.

Research methods are an analytical method, methods of generalization, content analysis, direct observation, comparison and description.

Research results and their analysis. The article presents a thematic analysis of the work of the International Medical Emergency Response Teams (IMBR CR) of the World Health Organization (WHO) in armed conflicts in different countries. The key problems characteristic of the medical response system in the Russian Federation in the pre-hospital period and outside the theater of military operations (TOMO) are identified, requiring modern scientific justification and rapid implementation of scientific developments into practice. The factors determining the importance of scientific developments in the provision of medical care and timely medical evacuation of victims to specialized medical treatment organizations (MTO) of civilian healthcare are substantiated.

It is noted that, compared to other areas of healthcare, disaster medicine is an area most open to innovation and requires the use of effective, evidence-based research, especially in the area of pre-hospital medical response and the work of civilian MTO in the rear of the country.

The main areas of activity of the Disaster Medicine Service (DMS) of the Ministry of Health of Russia have been defined, the work within which is most in need of the implementation of the results of scientific research, etc.