№ 8 (2025)
General pedagogy, history of pedagogy and education
PREVENTION OF VAPING ADDICTION IN ADOLESCENTS
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of a set of measures aimed at raising awareness among adolescents about the risks of vaping, developing personal resources to resist addiction, and engaging in alternative forms of activity.
Research methods and organization. The following methods were utilized: theoretical analysis of literature, empirical methods (testing, surveys, diagnostics), methods for quantitative and qualitative data processing, and mathematical statistics. The Dembo-Rubinstein self-assessment diagnostics methodology was applied, along with the 'Inclination to Dependent Behavior' methodology (V. D. Mendelovich), a questionnaire developed by V. D. Mendelovich, and the 'Addictive Inclination' questionnaire (V. V. Yusupov, V. A. Korzunin). The study involved students from the 8th grade (both girls and boys).
Research results. The prevalence of vaping among students has been identified, with a proportion of adolescents exhibiting low levels of addiction. It has been noted that nearly half of the students still display moderate addictive tendencies, while more than a quarter show a pronounced inclination towards addictive behavior.
Conclusions. Teenagers generally have an average level of knowledge about vaping, with a tendency towards a low understanding. Most students are poorly informed about the real risks and consequences of using electronic cigarettes. Overall, the sample is dominated by students with an average level of self-esteem; however, in several aspects of self-concept (appearance, peer authority, character), a significant number of teenagers show low scores. The presence of problematic areas in the structure of self-relationship is typical for this age group. According to the diagnostic results of propensity for addictive behavior, there is a predominance in the sample of high risk for the development of chemical addictions (drug and alcohol). Predisposition to behavioral forms of addiction (gaming, sports-music fanaticism) is expressed to a lesser extent, but is also present in a significant part of the students, requiring targeted psychological-pedagogical work.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):5-13
5-13
Physical education and professional physical training
MONITORING CHANGES IN THE OVERALL PHYSICAL FITNESS OF STUDENTS AT A SPORTS UNIVERSITY, USING THE SPECIALIZATION 'ATHLETICS' AS AN EXAMPLE
Аннотация
A high level of overall physical fitness among students in higher education institutions of physical culture and sports is an important component in the formation of professional competencies, which serves as a guarantee of their future successful professional activities.
The purpose of the study is to identify the trends in the overall physical fitness of first-year students majoring in athletics in full-time education from 2020 to 2025.
Research methods and organization. The study involved first-year students in full-time study during the academic years 2020/21 and 2024/25. A monitoring of overall physical fitness was conducted at the beginning and the end of the academic year, and a statistical analysis of the testing results was carried out in comparison with the standards based on a 10-point grading scale.
Research results and conclusions. Trends in the changes of the overall physical fitness of students have been identified. In general, first-year students of the 2024/25 academic year surpass the fitness level of students from the 2020/21 year. However, a general deficiency in their development has been noted across several indicators. Flexibility remains a lagging physical ability for both men and women. Furthermore, the strength capabilities of men correspond only to an average level of development, while women's speed-strength abilities are somewhat behind.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):14-20
14-20
ANALYSIS OF THE MANIFESTATION OF MANUAL ASYMMETRY IN THE TRAINING OF FUTURE DENTISTS
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to analyze the symmetry-asymmetry of manual actions among students specializing in "Dentistry."
Research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific works, surveys, testing the asymmetry of manual motor abilities, methods of mathematical statistics.
Research results. It has been established that an overwhelming majority of dental students subjectively consider themselves right-handed. In this context, right-handed individuals perform most daily manipulations with their dominant hand, while left-handed individuals show a less pronounced preference. Actions requiring the demonstration of strength capabilities are frequently performed with both hands, regardless of which hand is dominant, and this is more evident among left-handed individuals. The greatest difference between the results of tests conducted with the dominant and non-dominant hands was observed in actions related to the expression of speed abilities, speed endurance, and strength endurance.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):21-26
21-26
THE INFLUENCE OF A DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH AND THE CONDITIONS OF CONDUCTING CLASSES ON THE OVERALL ENDURANCE OF STUDENTS
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of a differentiated approach in the physical education of students.
Research methods and organization. Analytical methods, methods of mathematical statistics, and pedagogical experiments were employed. The experiment involved first-year students, divided into a control group (classes in halls) and an experimental group (training in outdoor areas, parks, and swimming pools).
Research results and conclusions. It has been established that the individualization of programs, taking into account health groups, the use of natural landscapes, and the integration of swimming into the educational process contribute to an increase in overall endurance by 15-20%. The results confirm the necessity of reforming traditional methods of physical training in higher education institutions.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):27-34
27-34
ACTIVITY-AXIOLOGICAL APPROACH IN EDUCATING CHINESE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS BASED ON AN ORIGINAL EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the activity-axiological approach of students in Chinese primary schools based on the author's experimental program.
Research methods and organization. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature and online resources, surveys, interviews with students and parents, anthropometry (height, body mass, chest circumference), and testing were conducted. A longitudinal study (2020–2024) was carried out in eight primary schools in China. The experimental group engaged with a program that combined extracurricular training (twice a week) and experimental physical education lessons (four times a week); the control group followed the standard curriculum. This ensured the validity of the comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the methodologies.
Research results and conclusions. The effectiveness of the activity-axiological approach in educating Chinese primary school students has been proven based on an authorial experimental program. Taking into account the issues of low physical activity and insufficient attention to the health of students, a program was developed that takes into account national characteristics. The results of the experiment confirmed improvements in physical qualities, motivation, and social development of the students.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):35-41
35-41
SPORTS PSYCHOLOGIST IN ORGANIZATIONS ENGAGED IN SPORTS TRAINING: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for the improvement of the existing legislation regulating the activities of sports psychologists in organizations engaged in sports training.
Research methods and organization. The following research methods were employed: theoretical analysis of regulatory and legal, psychological and pedagogical literature, sociological surveys, interviews, and summarization of the results of theoretical studies. The research was conducted from January to July 2025 among organizations engaged in sports training (taking the Altai Krai as an example).
Research results and conclusions. During the conducted study on the staffing of sports training groups, the absence of the position of 'sports psychologist' in the organizations of the Altai Territory engaged in sports training was revealed. The main contradictions that hinder the successful implementation of psychological training for future athletes have been identified. The results obtained allowed for the development of recommendations to improve the regulatory framework in order to enhance the effectiveness of psychological support for individuals undergoing sports training.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):42-49
42-49
CENTERS FOR EARLY PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN IN THE PRACTICE OF ENGAGING PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN SYSTEMATIC PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to study the problems and prospects of establishing centers for early physical development of children (CEPDC) in the subjects of the Russian Federation, based on the experience of regions that have implemented activities aimed at involving preschool-aged children in systematic physical culture and sports.
Research methods: studying scientific and methodological literature, analyzing and summarizing the experience of subjects of the Russian Federation engaged in activities to involve preschool children in systematic physical culture and sports activities, as well as methods of mathematical statistics.
Research results and conclusions. The presence of local regional experience in creating CEPDC in the subjects of the Russian Federation has been identified. The examination of the current status of CEPDC in addressing the issue of involving preschool children in systematic physical culture and sports activities has revealed the Russian government's attention to the discussed problem, the development of the legislative framework, the existence of a pilot CEPDC in Krasnodar, the availability of developed methodological materials and advanced training courses for CEPDC staff, as well as the establishment and development of CEPDC in 19 regions of Russia and testing centers in 56 subjects of Russia. The analysis of the current state of the issue of involving preschoolers in systematic physical culture and sports activities through the establishment of CEPDC has demonstrated a rapid intensification of the process of addressing the task at hand, as well as highlighted the necessity of forming platforms for the accumulation of testing data on preschool children based in regional sports universities.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):50-57
50-57
MODEL FOR IMPLEMENTING FIDGITAL-FORMAT CLASSES AT NON-SPECIALIZED UNIVERSITY BASED ON THE EXECUTION OF A STUDENT GRANT PROJECT
Аннотация
The modern educational environment actively utilizes innovations in the educational process not only in the core subjects of the educational institution but also actively implements them in the field of physical culture by developing innovative types of sports that combine digital technologies and physical activity, as well as their integration with traditional sports. The article examines the possibilities and prospects for the application of basketball and football duathlon in the educational environment of higher education institutions, aimed at enhancing the motor and functional potential of the student population, fostering a positive attitude towards various forms of physical activity, and encouraging students to engage in systematic physical culture and sports, as well as preparing them for future professional activities.
The purpose of the study is to develop a model for implementing classes in a fidgetal format at the State Agricultural Academy of Velikie Luki based on the obtained experience.
Research methods and organization. The analysis of scientific and methodological literature, internet resources, and regulatory documents governing the conditions for conducting a multi-sport tournament under the concept of 'fidgetal' was employed, along with a sociological survey. The study was conducted at the State Agricultural Academy of Velikie Luki with the participation of students from the first to the fourth years.
Research results and conclusions. The results of the conducted research emphasize the importance of integrating basketball and football duathlon into the educational process, which address the current demands of the student community, serve as effective tools for motor preparation for future professional activities, possess significant educational potential, and foster a positive attitude towards regular physical culture and sports activities.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):58-64
58-64
WAYS TO ENHANCE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' MOTIVATION FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to determine the level of satisfaction with physical culture activities and the awareness of the choice of motor activity types among first-year students of Sevastopol State University within the framework of the discipline "Elective Courses in Physical Education and Sports".
Research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, surveying students, and analyzing the obtained results.
Research results and conclusions. The study aimed to determine the level of satisfaction among students of Sevastopol State University with physical education and sports classes, as well as to assess the awareness of first-year students of SevSU in choosing a type of physical activity within the framework of the discipline "Elective Courses in Physical Education and Sports." The diversity of forms of physical activity offered in the disciplines "Physical Education and Sports" and "Elective Courses in Physical Education and Sports" is expected to enhance students' motivation and awareness in selecting types of physical activity, ultimately ensuring a sufficient level of development of students' psycho-physical qualities.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):65-71
65-71
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MOTIVATIONAL COMPONENT ON THE INDICATORS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG STUDENTS OF A CREATIVE UNIVERSITY
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to determine the physical activity of students at a creative university, as well as to identify the influence of motivational component on the number of steps taken during the experiment.
Research methods and organization. The study involved first to third-year students from the Faculty of Screen Arts and the Faculty of Media Technology of the St. Petersburg State University of Film and Television. An assessment of the quantitative indicators of motor activity was conducted using the pedometry method through an application installed on the personal smartphones of the participants.
Research results and conclusions. Students of the Faculty of Media Technologies demonstrated higher levels of physical activity than students of the Faculty of Screen Arts. The results obtained allow us to conclude that there is a trend towards increased physical activity among students in creative disciplines when a motivational component is present, which also contributes to engaging students in physical culture and sports.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):72-79
72-79
INTEGRATION OF A CYBERPROGRAM FOR CORRECTING STATIC TECHNIQUES IN JIU-JITSU INTO PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES AT A UNIVERSITY
Аннотация
The article examines the possibility of using a cyber program to determine the correctness of performing static means of physical culture. It provides a methodological justification for the static pose of kiba-dachi, applied in jiu-jitsu and other Eastern martial arts to strengthen the leg muscles, back muscles, and prevent various ailments, with the aim of incorporating it into the educational process of universities in the discipline of 'Physical Culture'.
The purpose of the study is to enhance the muscle tone of the back and leg muscles of students from various medical groups and to improve physical attributes, specifically strength.
Research methods and organization. Pedagogical observation and testing were employed. Testing was organized for young athletes (both boys and girls) practicing Eastern martial arts – jiu-jitsu, as well as for first-year students. During the session, they were required to hold a static kiba-dachi stance for 15 seconds in turn. The video recordings of this test were analyzed using a cyber program.
Research results. Despite the fact that performing the kiba-dachi exercise (rider's stance) proved to be challenging for the majority of the study participants, the authors recommend it for inclusion in physical education classes at higher educational institutions.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):80-87
80-87
IMPLEMENTATION OF YOUTH POLICY IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS USING THE EXAMPLE OF ORGANIZING A DANCE TOURNAMENT
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to develop a program for the dance tournament "Multistyle" covering various types of dance training and to justify the feasibility of its implementation at the venues and locations of RUT (MIIT).
Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, surveys, questionnaires, and diagnostics of the capabilities of the universal platforms of the Russian University of Transport for conducting a tournament in various dance styles.
Research results. The analysis of the existing infrastructure of RUT (MIIT) showed a satisfactory level. The dance tournament "Multistyle," organized at the venues of RUT (MIIT), will attract the attention of a wide range of students, both those dancing and participating in the competition, as well as those who enjoy this type of physical activity. The results obtained can be used for the annual conduct of the tournament and can be replicated at other university venues, strengthening RUT (MIIT)'s position as a center for student initiatives.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):88-95
88-95
Theory and methodology of sports
JUSTIFICATION OF TEACHING SITUATIONAL BALL-PASSING TECHNIQUES TO PIVOT HANDBALL PLAYERS AGED 17 TO 22
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to provide a scientific and theoretical justification for training the situational technique of passing the ball to a pivot player among handball players aged 17 to 22.
Research methods and organization. Pedagogical observations and video analysis of the matches from the final stage of the XXVI Men's World Championship, as well as the Championships of Russia among juniors under 22, boys under 19, and under 17 years old, have been conducted.
Research results and conclusions. It has been established that handball players under 22 years old interact with the pivot player significantly less frequently and effectively compared to men. Their passes are characterized by directness and uniformity, leading to frequent ball losses. The identified critical gap does not indicate a natural lag but rather a systemic shortcoming in training. It has been determined that teaching situational passing techniques to the pivot player should begin at the junior stage (up to 22 years old), when the intensity of defensive opposition creates conditions for the emergence of key game situations of 2*2.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):96-101
96-101
MONITORING FUNCTIONAL AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS OF THE UNIVERSITY TEAM
Аннотация
The control of physical load in the design of the training process plays a leading role in its successful implementation and the development of players' physical fitness levels. Student basketball does not have strictly regulated methods and means of controlling physical preparedness. One of the problems is the varying levels of physical fitness among players.
The purpose of the study is to determine the functional preparedness of the female basketball players of the university team.
Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature were used, along with pedagogical experiments and methods of mathematical statistics. The research was conducted at the women's basketball club of the Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism.
Research results and conclusions. A close direct correlation has been established between the indicators of explosive strength and starting acceleration, and the indicators of the gluteal muscles, hamstrings, core, spinal extensors, and explosive strength of the lower limbs. Additionally, a moderate degree of correlation has been found between the increase in strength of the gluteal muscles and starting acceleration, as well as between the increase in the explosive strength indicators of the lower limbs and special (speed) endurance. Recommendations have been developed for planning the content, volume, and intensity of training loads to enhance the functional fitness of the university basketball team.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):102-109
102-109
DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL METHOD FOR SOLVING TACTICAL TASKS DURING THE COMPETITIVE DISTANCE IN SPORTS RADIO DIRECTION FINDING – SPRINT
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal dimensions of the mental model field for selecting a search option for radio transmitters in sports radio direction finding - sprinting, by comparing classical and modeling approaches to solving tactical tasks.
Research methods and organization. Computer modeling was utilized using Monte Carlo methods. In the first phase of modeling, object placement was performed according to a 'precise' representation; in the second phase, the optimal search order was calculated for the generated distance; in the third phase, the modeling of the athlete's anticipated actions was carried out; in the fourth phase, the optimal search option for radio transmitters was calculated; and in the fifth phase, the length of the option was calculated.
Research results and conclusions. A comparative study of the potential outcomes of tactical actions regarding the search for radio transmitters was conducted using a computer model for mental models of varying dimensions. It was established that the most optimal is the mental model with a dimension of 3x3, which enables the athlete to successfully complete the competitive distance in more than 76% of cases.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):110-117
110-117
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND VOLITIONAL INDICATORS OF MIXED MARTIAL ARTS (MMA) ATHLETES IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARATION FOR COMPETITIONS
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to determine the level of mental state indicators of mixed martial arts athletes before a competition through the application of testing methodologies.
Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, observation, survey, psychological testing, statistical data processing.
Research results and conclusions. The study revealed that the use of testing methods allows for the assessment of the level of psychological readiness of athletes in preparation for competitions.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):118-123
118-123
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ARBITRARY PROGRAMS IN SYNCHRONIZED SWIMMING
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to identify the structural features of the compilation of arbitrary programs in synchronized swimming.
Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature were employed, a comparative analysis of video materials of performances at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games was conducted, and the structural features of the composition of free programs were established.
Research results and conclusions. The identified implementation of structural identity in the routines of athletes from different teams indicates a predominant use of three technically expensive elements, leading to a loss of uniqueness and creative components in synchronized swimming. The obtained data allow for the conclusion regarding the feasibility of regulating the artistic evaluation of free routines in synchronized swimming.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):124-129
124-129
BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS OF SELLERS IN THE SECONDARY MARKET FOR SPORTS EVENT TICKETS, USING THE EXAMPLE OF MATCHES FROM THE CONTINENTAL HOCKEY LEAGUE
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to create a comprehensive understanding of the behavioral patterns of resellers based on the volume and sources of ticket supply for sporting events in the secondary market.
Research methods: analysis of the secondary ticket market using statistical information processing methods, aggregation, and grouping of sellers and buyers based on the primary behavioral model.
Research results and conclusions. The data obtained on ticket resale models for sporting events allowed for the identification of two behavioral models of resellers: amateur resellers, who create a variety of pricing offers, and professional resellers, who generate high pricing offers. It has been found that the secondary ticket market creates adverse effects both directly for the hockey club and for the end consumers of the entertainment product, which imposes a significant financial burden.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):130-136
130-136
DEFINITION OF DIRECTIONS FOR TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL IMPROVEMENT IN WOMEN'S PROFESSIONAL GOLF BASED ON STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GAME COMPONENTS
Аннотация
The article examines the statistical indicators of professional female golfers in tournaments of the Ladies European Tour (LET) and the LET Access Series (LETAS), which is a second-tier tour in relation to the LET, reflecting the level of success in their execution of technical elements and tactical techniques in gameplay.
The purpose of the study is to identify the components of the performance of underperforming teams that adversely affect their athletic results compared to the leaders, based on the analysis of statistics.
Research methods and organization. Methods for analyzing the performance indicators of professional female golfers have been employed, utilizing mathematical statistical methods. The proposed approach enables athletes to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their game, based not on subjective feelings, but on objective metrics, which facilitates the formulation of an accurate picture of the player's skill balance.
Research results and conclusions. The study revealed that the tour outsiders are not inferior to the leaders in terms of physical fitness and levels of psycho-emotional stability. The results obtained allow for the conclusion regarding the necessity to improve the technical aspects of training for the lagging athletes in order to achieve results on par with the tour leaders.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):137-143
137-143
BIOMECHANICS OF THE STAG LEAP TAKE-OFF PHASE IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is the biomechanical analysis of the stag leap take-off phase in rhythmic gymnastics.
Research methods and organization. Instrumental methods of tensor dynamometry and high-speed video recording were utilized. The study involved two gymnasts, both holding the title of 'candidate for master of sports', who performed four jumps each.
Research results and conclusions. The conduct of empirical measurements allowed for the quantitative description of the pushing technique. A number of biomechanical indicators were deter-mined: the peak impact load during the push-off, the impulse of the pushing force, the initial vertical velocity at the moment of take-off from the support, the jump height, and the direction of the reaction force vector of the support. Based on the obtained data, the phase composition of the push-off was identified.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):144-151
144-151
CURRENT APPROACHES TO OPTIMIZING THE PROCESS OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL TRAINING FOR QUALIFIED 16–17-YEAR-OLD FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Аннотация
The article is devoted to the issues of optimizing the special physical training of young professional football players aged 16-17 years. It discusses the features of the physiological development of athletes in this age group, key aspects of planning the educational and training process aimed at enhancing the level of athletic readiness, reducing the risk of injuries, and achieving high sports results.
The purpose of the study is to develop methodological recommendations for the improvement of the system of special physical training for football players aged 16-17, which have a positive impact on the educational and training process and contribute to achieving stable positive results in competitive activities.
Research methods and organization: analysis of scientific publications and educational-methodical manuals on the sports training of football players of various ages; pedagogical observation of the progress of educational and training sessions at leading football clubs in Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad region; mathematical and statistical processing of data regarding the health status and injuries of football players based on the results of the annual health assessments conducted for students of sports schools; pedagogical testing to determine the level of development of physical qualities of the participants in the experiment; interviewing experts – coaches, doctors, sports psychologists, and others.
Research results and conclusions. During the pedagogical experiment, a trend was identified towards an increase in the attendance rates of group training sessions in specialized physical training – an increase of 25% in the experimental group and 10% in the control group. The average number of injuries during competitive and training activities decreased by 20% in the experimental group. It should be noted that there is a positive trend in the flexibility development indicator in the experimental group, which increased by 2.93 cm, representing a significant gain given that this physical quality is not a priority for the chosen sport of football.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):152-158
152-158
NEW APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE LOAD IN FEMALE COLLEGIATE VOLLEYBALL: RALLY INTENSITY
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to examine the process of competitive preparation in volleyball based on the analysis of intensity zones of competitive load during rallies.
Research methods and organization. An analysis of scientific and methodological literature was conducted, along with video documentation of gameplay actions, educational observation, and statistical methods. The study was carried out at a tournament featuring the strongest student teams in Moscow, in which volleyball players with qualifications up to Candidate for Master of Sports participated.
Research results and conclusions. The results of the study revealed the main factors influencing the intensity of competitive loads during matches and identified approaches to examining intensity zones, which will enable more accurate planning of preparation and the development of competitive readiness among volleyball players.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):159-167
159-167
FEATURES OF THE USE OF TURNS WITH APPARATUS IN COMPETITIVE RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS PROGRAMS AT THE 2024 OLYMPIC GAMES AND BRICS GAMES
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to identify the common and distinctive features of the use of turns with objects in the competitive routines of the top rhythmic gymnasts during the major international competitions of 2024.
Research methods and organization. A comprehensive set of research methods was employed: analysis of specialized literature and program documents, pedagogical observation based on the analysis of video materials from competitive activities (during the BRICS Games; during the Olympic Games), expert evaluation methods (involving a group of experts ranging from national to international categories), and mathematical statistics methods.
Research results and conclusions. It has been established that gymnasts competing in 2024 at the BRICS Games and the Olympic Games exhibited differences not only in the amount and variety of turns included in their competitive routines but also in their technical value. Finalists in the rhythmic gymnastics events at the BRICS Games demonstrated a higher level of coordination complexity in the executed turns with apparatuses compared to those at the Olympic Games. This not only heightened the intensity of sporting competition but also stimulated further improvement in performance skills.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):168-176
168-176
METHOD FOR RECORDING PHYSICAL LOADS IN KICKBOXING
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to conduct testing and and provide a theoretical and practical justification for the method of recording and analyzing physical loads in the training process of kickboxers.
Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, and mathematical statistics were employed. The developed method of registration was tested in the training process of kickboxers at the Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Education, Sports School No. 24 in Ufa.
Research results and conclusions. The method of registration determines the main parameters of physical load during the training process, taking into account criteria that are fundamental factors in the effectiveness of sports training. The proposed method of recording training loads allows for the evaluation of several parameters related to the structure of the training process: the duration and intensity of training sessions, as well as small, medium, and large training cycles, and the characteristics of the distribution of physical loads across intensity zones and physical means. By employing this method of registration, a database of training loads is established throughout the long-term preparation of an athlete, which serves as an effective tool for individualizing the training process and optimizing decisions in the planning of sports training. With the accumulation of information on the structure and content of leading athletes, it becomes possible to define model characteristics of training loads for athletes of varying qualifications and ages.
ages.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):177-184
177-184
MODELING OF THE OLYMPIC CYCLE BASED ON THE INTERCONNECTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS OF ATHLETE TRAINING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FIELD HOCKEY)
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to identify stable interconnections among the components of training highly qualified hockey players over three Olympic cycles and to utilize them as the foundation for model characteristics.
Research methods: expert qualitative methods, pedagogical observation, analysis of annual training plans, and mathematical statistics methods including the calculation of the Pearson paired correlation coefficient.
Research organization. The study was conducted over a period of 13 years in preparation for the men's national field hockey team of Russia for the Olympic Games held in Beijing (2008), London (2012), and Rio de Janeiro (2016).
Research results and conclusions. The interrelationships between components of athlete preparation (the structure of the annual cycle, competitive and training loads) and the results of official games have been identified. Expert assessments of the results of official international games indicated a direct correlation with their quantity and a negative correlation with the games of the national championship and the Cup, which may be attributed to improper planning of the national championship calendar. Aerobic training loads were closely correlated with the number of control and friendly matches. Among the three researched blocks influencing team preparation and the final competition results, competitive loads, which encompass the entire volume of friendly, control, official all-Russian, and international games, exhibited the greatest number of reliable correlations. The established interrelations of the structural meanings of the annual cycle, competitive and training loads, and their influence on the results of official games allow for the use of the acquired data in modeling the construction of the Olympic cycle for athletes in team sports.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):185-192
185-192
Wellness and adaptive physical education
ANNUAL PREPARATION CYCLE (MACROCYCLE) PROGRAM FOR HIGHLY QUALIFIED ALPINE SKIERS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is the development and testing of a one-year training cycle (macrocycle) program for highly qualified skiers with hearing impairment.
Research methods and organization. The following research methods were used: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiments, and methods of mathematical statistics. Based on pedagogical observation, a program for the annual training cycle (macrocycle) of highly qualified alpine skiers with hearing impairments was developed.
Research results and conclusions. During the pedagogical research, a reliable increase in the performance of highly skilled alpine skiers with hearing impairments was identified. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the developed program for the annual training cycle of highly skilled alpine skiers with hearing impairments is effective.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):193-200
193-200
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH-ORIENTED PHYSICAL EDUCATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to characterize promising ways to engage student youth in higher education institutions in health-oriented physical education.
Research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific literature, regulatory documents, and open sources; systematization, comparison, generalization, and interpretation of materials.
Research results and conclusions. The issue of insufficient physical activity among young people, which affects their health and quality of life, has been updated. Current trends in the development of health-oriented physical education have been clarified, highlighting the following: the implementation of digital technologies, the use of fidgetal sports, the popularization of meditative and fitness practices, and the importance of student self-governance in organizing physical activity. Within the framework of these trends, potential forward-looking practices for organizing physical culture in the youth environment have been substantiated. The conclusions drawn from the conducted research emphasize the necessity for the transformation and modernization of existing physical education practices, taking into account the contemporary demands and preferences of young people.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):201-208
201-208
THE INFLUENCE OF ANTI-GRAVITY WELLNESS ACTIVITIES ON THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN IN A FITNESS CLUB SETTING
Аннотация
In recent years, there has been a significant decrease in the level of physical activity and a deterioration in the health of primary school-age children, including an increase in postural disorders and deviations in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system. Anti-gravity, as an innovative method of physical training, demonstrates considerable potential in improving the health of children by combining static and gymnastic exercises in hammocks, which stimulates coordination, flexibility, and the development of the muscle corset.
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed anti-gravity program for enhancing physical fitness, correcting posture, and normalizing body weight in children aged 7 to 10 years.
Research methods. To achieve the objective, pedagogical testing, observations, surveys of parents and coaches, monitoring of motor activity, analysis of medical data, and statistical processing of results were utilized. The study was conducted with the participation of 14 children over a period of 10 months at one of the fitness clubs in Moscow.
Research results. It has been established that anti-gravity exercises lead to an increase in endurance, strengthening of the musculoskeletal system, and a reduction in body weight. Significant improvements have been recorded in the indicators of coordination, strength, and flexibility. Postural deviations have decreased in 71.4% of children, and their physical activity has reached optimal levels.
Conclusion. The anti-gravity method has proven its effectiveness as a tool aimed at improving the health of younger schoolchildren.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):209-216
209-216
THE STATE AND ISSUES OF CREATING A HEALTH-PRESERVING ENVIRONMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to determine the level of knowledge regarding health preservation among students and their understanding of issues that impact the health and well-being of the educational environment.
Research methods: pedagogical observation, surveys, methods of mathematical statistics.
Research results and conclusions. As a result of the implemented set of activities, there was an increase in the physical fitness levels of the students, and the creation of a favorable atmosphere encouraged students to adopt a proper attitude towards their health.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):217-222
217-222
Methodology and technology of vocational education
THE APPLICATION OF VARIOUS METHODS FOR ACTIVATING STUDENTS' COGNITIVE ACTIVITY IN THE COURSE 'INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIALTY'
Аннотация
The article addresses the issue of activating the cognitive activity of students during classes in the course 'Introduction to the Specialty' within the field of study 'Library and Information Activities'.
The purpose of the study is to identify the most effective methods that promote increased student engagement and enhance the mastery of the subject material.
Research methods and organization. To achieve the objective, methods of critical thinking development, methods of developmental education, as well as gaming and group methods were employed. The organization of the research included the conduct of a series of practical sessions utilizing the aforementioned techniques.
Research results indicated that active learning methods contribute not only to increasing students' interest in the subject but also to the development of their critical thinking and independent analytical skills. The use of such methodologies fosters the development of cognitive skills and the formation of the necessary experience in thought processes.
Conclusions. The obtained data confirms the necessity of implementing innovative pedagogical practices in the educational process, which can significantly enhance the quality of the educational experience for students. Recommendations for applying active learning methods in the course 'Introduction to the Specialty' can be beneficial for educators seeking to modernize their approaches and create an interactive educational environment that fosters the active engagement of students from various fields of study while learning other disciplines.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):223-229
223-229
THE STUDY OF BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS AIMED AT MAINTAINING HEALTH AMONG STUDENTS OF HUMANITIES AND TECHNICAL SPECIALTIES
Аннотация
The article presents the results of a study on the profile of a healthy lifestyle among students of technical and humanitarian disciplines.
The purpose of the study was to identify, through comparative analysis, the differences in attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle among students from different disciplines.
Research methods and organization. The analysis of scientific and methodological literature, psychological testing, and methods of mathematical statistics were utilized. The research was conducted at Samara National Research University, involving second and third-year students. To study the multi-component structure of a healthy lifestyle among students, the 'Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile' questionnaire was employed.
Research results and conclusions. As a result of the comparative analysis of data from students of technical and humanitarian specialties, significant differences were identified in the indicators of "Nutrition", "Internal Growth", "Physical Activity", and "Responsibility for Health", which influence behavior aimed at health preservation and enhancement.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):230-236
230-236
General psychology, personality psychology, history of psychology
SEPARATION PROCESSES IN YOUTH: THE ROLE OF FAMILY COMMUNICATION
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between the parameters of psychological separation and the characteristics of family emotional communication among young people during the transition to adulthood.
Research methods and organization. The method of theoretical analysis was employed, along with a survey utilizing the Parental Separation Inventory (PSI) and the technique of 'Family Emotional Communications', as well as mathematical and statistical data processing (correlational analysis using Spearman's coefficient, Mann-Whitney U test). Seventy young individuals aged 18 to 25 participated in the study.
Research results and conclusions. Statistically significant links have been established between levels of separation (emotional, functional, attitudinal, and conflictual) and communicative patterns within the family. Negative associations with the development of independence include criticism, induced anxiety, and over-involvement. Age differences have also been identified: the older group of respondents shows a lower level of emotional elimination and a higher functional independence from the father. The results underscore the importance of family communication in the process of separation.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):237-244
237-244
INTERNAL PICTURE OF PROFESSIONAL HEALTH OF MILITARY PERSONNEL IN COMBAT CONDITIONS
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of combat health as a component of the professional health of military personnel.
Research methods and organization. During the study, an associative experiment was conducted. Within the framework of the experiment, a stimulus-concept was selected that conceptually reflected the essence of the researched area – 'combat health.' The investigation of the content of combat health was carried out through associative statements made by servicemen with combat experience.
Research results and conclusions. The analysis of the research results allowed for the categorization of respondents' associative statements across socio-psychological, personal, and psychophysiological levels. At the psychophysiological level, associations such as strong health, stress resilience, strength of the nervous system, and vitality were noted. The most frequently occurring phrase among the respondents was 'to accomplish a combat mission under any conditions.' This can be interpreted in terms of the realization of military purpose as a natural professional norm.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):245-252
245-252
MECHANISM OF ADAPTATION OF CHINESE STUDENTS TO STUDYING AT A RUSSIAN SPORTS UNIVERSITY
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to describe the psychological mechanisms of adaptation of Chinese students to studying at a Russian physical education university.
Research methods: 7 psychodiagnostic techniques and a survey – a questionnaire for a comprehensive study of the adaptation conditions of Chinese students in a Russian sports university.
Research results and conclusions. The neurotic social adaptation achieved through diplomacy, self-control, and anxiety, which suppress hostility, is facilitated by a mechanism referred to by Yanitsky M.S. as 'devaluation of basic needs and values of collectivist culture.' The conducted research established that its formation among Chinese students in a Russian sports university is based on confidence in the irreparability of social problems, suspicion, and pessimism (depression). Partial relief of tension arising in challenging situations due to the operation of this mechanism manifests as repetitive, intrusive thoughts (obsessiveness), accompanied by the emergence of compulsive behaviors (compulsivity). The remaining tension escalates into anxiety, hostility, and a range of other psychopathological symptoms. In the study of the English language by Chinese individuals, there is an integration into personality of anti-values (anti-human values) – notions regarding the impossibility of solving social problems and pessimism as a mechanism for changing values. Pessimism leads to devaluation and minimization of values, transitioning into skepticism, allowing individuals to criticize society while severing their identity from it. In this case, the increase in hostility reflects a willingness to critique society, partially losing social identity in the process. Adaptability is maintained at the cost of increased self-control and anxiety, which restrains the growing hostility.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):253-259
253-259
Educational psychology, psychodiagnostics of digital educational environments
FACTOR STRUCTURE OF EMOTIONALITY AND ADAPTABILITY IN ATHLETES OF VARIOUS SPORTS DISCIPLINES
Аннотация
The purpose of the study is to identify patterns in the adaptation of athletes from different sports with varying levels of emotional intelligence.
Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, psychological testing, and methods of mathematical statistics were employed. The research was conducted at a physical education university with students from intermediate years across five specializations.
Research results and conclusions. Factorial structures of athletes from various specializations with differing life adaptability and emotional intelligence have been identified. It has been shown that the adaptation of athletes' lives is determined by their development, individuality of personality, and the characteristics of their relationships with reality. The overall factorial structure indicates a narrow worldview (insufficient life experience and maturity) and inadequate features of self-realization among athletes. Athletes with developed emotional intelligence are more adapted and exhibit a greater interest in life. Student-athletes with low emotional intelligence scores tend to engage in selfish behavior, leading to life problems and complicated relationships, especially when there is a low level of self-regulation.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):260-266
260-266
FEATURES AND INTERRELATION OF THE 'COACH-ATHLETE' RELATIONSHIP AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CLI-MATE IN MALE AND FEMALE STUDENT BASKETBALL TEAMS COMPETING IN THE ASB OF RUSSIA
Аннотация
The study aims to examine the specific psychological characteristics of the functioning of male and female student basketball teams.
The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the distinctive features and interrelationships of the relationships within the "coach-athlete" system and the characteristics of the psychological climate in basketball teams of different genders competing in the ASB of Russia.
Research methods and organization. The study was conducted with the participation of basketball teams of girls and boys competing in the 'Center' division of the Russian Basketball Federation (ASB) for the 2024-2025 season. To achieve the set objectives, specialized methodologies for psychological diagnostics of relationships within the 'coach-athlete' system and the psychological climate of the teams were applied. Correlation analysis using Spearman's method was employed to establish connections.
Research results and conclusions. It has been established that the evaluations of relationship components within the "coach-athlete" system among young male basketball players are higher compared to those of female basketball players. Significant differences have been identified in the perception of the psychological atmosphere between male and female basketball teams, with female basketball players' evaluations significantly more frequently falling into the discomfort zone. The correlation between relationships in the "coach-athlete" system and the psychological climate was found exclusively in girls' teams with a female coach. No such correlations were detected in men's basketball teams.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(8):267-274
267-274