Organization of escapes from detention facility in the Tambov governorate at the beginning of the 20th century

Importance. The relevance of the chosen research topic is due to the scientific study of the effectiveness of the ongoing penitentiary policy at the beginning of the 20th century in Tsarist Russia and Russia during the Civil War.Materials and methods. The historical and systemic approach made it possible to consider the penitentiary policy of the “two Russias” at the beginning of the 20th century and to trace the effectiveness in the fight against escapes from detention facility. The statistical method showed the number of escapes from detention facility in Tsarist Russia and in forced labor camps during the Civil War. The use of the comparative historical method showed the level of organization of places of detention of different historical eras.Results and Discussion. The statistics and scale of escapes from detention facility in the Tambov governorate at the beginning of the 20th century are studied. The level of organization of detention facility is studied, taking into account the factor of revolutionary events, the Civil War and the peasant uprising in the Tambov governorate. A comparative analysis of the number of prisoner escapes from detention facility in Tsarist Russia and detention facility in Soviet Russia is carried out on the example of the Tambov governorate.Conclusion. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the local history study of the penitentiary systems of two eras in Russia with the aim of further compiling a generalized work on a given topic.