Radiation biology. Radioecology
The journal publishes the results of studies of changes caused by the action of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in biomatter at all levels of its organization, from the molecular to the ecosystem level: radiation chemistry of biomolecules and biophysics of radiobiological processes; molecular and cellular radiobiology; radiation genetics and cytogenetics; radiation biochemistry, pathophysiology, hematology and pathomorphology of exposed animals and humans; clinical radiobiology; radioprotectors and other anti-radiation agents; radionuclide toxicology, radiation epidemiology. The journal also publishes research materials on the migration of radionuclides in the biosphere and its components: terrestrial ecosystems, soil, vegetation and animals, hydrosphere and hydrobionts
We publish reviews on current problems of radiobiology, radioecology, and related disciplines, reviews of new books, and a scientific chronicle.
The Journal has been established in 1961.
Media registration certificate: № ФС 77 – 66710 от 28.07.2016
Ағымдағы шығарылым
Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат берілді
Тек жазылушылар үшін
Том 65, № 3 (2025)
Radiobiology of Plants
The Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Mitotic Index and Root Growth Endpoints of Allium Cepa Seedlings in Long-Term Experiments
Аннотация
The effect of γ-radiation including low doses on the mitotic index and root growth endpoints of Allium cepa (L.) seedlings in different intervals of the recovery time after irradiation were studied. Onion seedlings were irradiated with 137Cs point γ-sources of various activity, including radioactive microparticles of the Yenisei River floodplain. According to the results of 7 experiments, the inhibitory effect of γ-irradiation on onion root growth was observed in the dose range from 0.1 to 21 Gy in the time interval of the recovery period of up to 6 days, by the 10th day the damaging effect of γ-irradiation persisted mainly at absorbed doses of 5.2 Gy. A detailed examination of root growth inhibition in the time interval from 1 to 6 days of the experiment allowed us to determine that a sharp inhibition of root growth began on day 4 at absorbed doses of 2.5–10.7 Gy, and at the same time a decrease in proliferative activity in the apical meristem of the root was observed. The results of a factor analysis of the experiment on the dynamics of inhibition of primary root length and mitotic index after irradiation are presented.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(3):272-287
272-287
15
General Radiobiology
Retrospective Dosimetry in the Southern Urals: 30 Years of Studies Within the Framework of the Project 1.1
Аннотация
Imperfection of radioactive waste storage technologies in the initial period of Mayak Production Association operation in 1950s led to a long-term radioactive contamination of the vast territories of the Southern and Middle Urals in Russia. In 2024, it was 30 years since the beginning of the collaborative studies of Russian and American scientists in the framework of the Project 1.1 performed under the aegis of the Joint Coordinating Committee for Radiation Effects Research. A number of science and technology tasks arise while assessing the individual exposure doses for the members of epidemiological cohorts, viz. Techa River Cohort, EURT Cohort, Cohort of the Exposed Population Offspring, and Cohort of Southern Urals Population Exposed to Radiation (SUPER cohort), the latter being established in recent years. These tasks have been accomplished owing to the collaboration. The paper describes the main tasks and methodology of dosimetric studies in the Southern Urals as well as the most prominent scientific achievements. For instance, development of the dosimetry system to calculate exposure doses for people of different sex and age based on the radionuclide measurement results in human organs and tissues. The participants of the Project 1.1 have received an invaluable experience of conducting joint scientific research. The obtained estimates of the radiogenic risk will ultimately be used in the provision of radiation safety of the population around the globe.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(3):241-259
241-259
12
Biological Efficacy of Pseudohypericin in Drosophila melanogaster Individuals under Normal Conditions and in Conditions Irradiation
Аннотация
The biological efficacy and radiodromorphine capacity of pseudohypericin isolated from St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) were studied in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Effective concentrations of the substance (1 and 10 μM) were determined for each genotype. Concentrations exceeding these values had a toxic effect on animals. The highest sensitivity to the preparation was demonstrated by individuals mutant in antioxidant protection and repair. The doses of ionizing radiation at which pseudohypericin changes the radiosensitivity of individuals, decreasing or increasing its level, have been estimated. Radioprotective effects of the substance have been detected at high doses (50–100 Gy) in the wild-type Canton–Sline and doses below 50 Gy in sod-mutants. Such a combined action of agents at given drug concentrations and radiation doses can lead to increased survival and a decrease in the frequency of DNA damage in individuals. The interaction between a substance and a radiation factor is predominantly synergistic or antagonistic character depending on the radiation dose. The obtained results show that the studied parameters and mutant genotypes can be used as test-methods and test-systems for the selection of radioprotectors and their mechanisms of action, as well as the selection of optimal conditions for the use of such drugs in the field of radioprotective technologies.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(3):260-271
260-271
12
Radioecology of Aquatic Systems
Assessment of Radiation Impact on the Freshwater Ecosystem Contaminated after the Accident at the Chemical Plant "Mayak"
Аннотация
An analysis was performed on the effects of radiation exposure on hydrobionts (phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos) of a freshwater body — Lake Urus Kul, located in the near zone of the accident at the "Mayak" radiochemical chemical plant — over a period of 50 years after the entry of radionuclides into the lake. The radiation doses received by these organisms during their lifetime were estimated. It was shown that in the lake subjected to radiation exposure, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and macrozoobenthos are characterized by significantly lower diversity and biomass, and large-sized forms that received high doses after the accident at the Mayak Chemical Combine were absent. The replacement of large-sized forms of biota species is most pronounced in macrozoobenthos, where species diversity decreased most significantly — from 12 to 7 species, which allows for consideration of macrozoobenthos as a critical group of aquatic organisms. The intensity of doses on hydrobionts decreased rapidly and reached ecologically tolerable limits 5–10 years after the lake's contamination. The restoration of the ecosystem's structure was occurring rather slowly. This suggests that the ecosystem of the affected lake was pushed back to an earlier stage of succession and the restoration of this water body's ecosystem after a radiation exposure is a long-term process.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(3):288-306
288-306
9
Tritium in Sources of Drinking Water Supply in the Areas Affected by the Beloyarsk NPP and PA "MAYAK"
Аннотация
Data are presented on the levels of tritium concentrations in different types of drinking water in the areas affected by the Beloyarsk NPP and the Mayak Production Association. The objects of the study were wells, boreholes, network and spring water in the territories adjacent to nuclear enterprises, as well as in the floodplains of the Pyshma and Techa rivers. A direct (for the MAYAK PA zone) and inverse (for the Beloyarsk NPP zone) relationship between tritium concentrations in the water of wells and boreholes and the depth of the water source has been established. When studying well water in the area of the Beloyarsk NPP during a 10-year observation period, the fact of penetration of the radionuclide into deeper subsoil horizons was revealed, as a result of which the concentration of tritium in drinking water increased noticeably.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(3):307-316
307-316
10
Radioecology of Plants
A Study of Cs-137 Distribution in the Trunk of Scotts Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) Growing in the Zone of Radioactive Deposition Resulting from the Chornobyl NPP Accident
Аннотация
The work studied the vertical distribution of Cs-137 in the trunk of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), grown in the Bryansk region, contaminated with technogenic radionuclides as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The Cs-137 content was measured in samples of bark and wood from a 10-meter section of a model tree with a step of 10 cm using the gamma spectrometric method. The activity concentration of Cs-137 in tree bark varies from 741 to 5362 Bq kg−1, in wood — from 134 to 792 Bq kg−1. The average value transfer factors of Cs-137 from soil to tree bark was 1.9 × 10−3 m2 kg−1, and to wood — 0.4 × 10−3 m2 kg−1. It has been established that the vertical distribution of Cs-137 in the bark and wood of a tree represents harmonic oscillations with a period of 1 meter, which are described by the Fourier equation. The distribution of Cs-137 in the bark and wood of a tree has the same characteristics throughout the entire volume of the tree, regardless of its side. The period of oscillations does not correlate with the formation of annual rings and the formation of whorls, which does not exclude the relationship between the distribution of Cs-137 and self-oscillatory processes in the tree, which determine root pressure through the intake and release of water in the root cells.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(3):317-326
317-326
9
Plutonium Uptake by Beans at Different Stages of Vegetation
Аннотация
The process of plutonium uptake by plants is influenced by many factors, which leads to very variable quantitative indices of its uptake. In the vegetation experiment, the uptake of plutonium in the system "soil — agricultural plant" was studied in different vegetation periods of beans (Fabaceae) of the Yantarnye variety. The analysis of the specific activity of plutonium in the soil and plants was carried out using radiochemical isolation by the method of ion-exchange chromatography. The activity of plutonium isotopes was measured in alpha spectrometers Alpha Duo, ORTEC. The Concentration Ratio was used to estimate the absorption of plutonium. The values of Concentration Ratio obtained during the study indicate its unequal uptake in different periods of plant growth and development. The Concentration Ratio were as follows: on day 14 — (4.5 ± 0.7) × 10−3 in the "first pair of true trifoliate leaves" phase, on day 22 — (3.5 ± 0.5) × 10−3 in the "stem branching" phase, on day 33 — (4.5 ± 0.6) × 10−3 in the "stem branching" phase, on day 47 — (1.8 ± 0.3) × 10−2 in the "budding" phase, on day 52 — (4.5 ± 0.7) × 10−3 in the "flowering" phase, on day 63 — (7.7 ± 1.2) × 10−3 in the "bean formation" phase. The results of the conducted vegetation experiment indicate that the most intensive uptake of plutonium by beans occurs during the transition to generative development at the budding stage.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(3):327-334
327-334
12
Cytogenetic Effects in a Population of Agropyron Cristatum L. from the Site Where Tests of Radioactive Substances Were Carried Out at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site
Аннотация
An assessment of cytogenetic effects in populations of wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) was carried out at 45 points of site "4A" of the Semipalatinsk test site (Kazakhstan), which did not differ in soil characteristics and heavy metal contamination, but contrasted in the level of radioactive contamination. At site "4A" in 1953–1957 combat radioactive substances were tested. The specific activity of 90Sr radionuclide in wheatgrass changed from < 1 × 102 to 9.7 × 105 Bq/kg. It was found that the frequency of aberrant cells increases linearly in the dose range from natural background to 1.4 Gy. The main contribution to the formation of cytogenetic effects in the common wheatgrass is made by double bridges, which confirms the radiation nature of the observed effects.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(3):335-348
335-348
Chronicle
In Memory of Evgeny Alexandrovich Krasavin
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(3):349-351
349-351
100 YEARS SINCE THE BIRTH OF PROFESSOR VLADIMIR VLADIMIROVICH SHIKHODYROV — A LIFE DEDICATED TO RADIATION BIOLOGY
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(3):352-354
352-354