HOMO OSCILLANS: FROM THE SUPERMAN THROUGH THE POSTHUMAN TO THE NEW HUMAN IN THE ERA OF THE “METAMODERN TURN”

The article postulates the concept of a new human type — Homo Oscillans. An analysis of the transformation of the idea of human in the context of the crisis of classical humanism and the emergence of new philosophical trends — transhumanism, posthumanism, and metamodernism — is conducted. The starting point of the analysis is F. Nietzsche’s concept of the “death of God”, which radicalizes the tendencies of secularization and the anthropological turn in European culture of the Modern era. The main milestones of this process are traced — from Renaissance humanism to Darwin’s theory of evolution. Special attention is paid to the comparison of the Nietzscheian idea of the Superhuman with transhumanist and posthumanist projects of human nature enhancement. Both similarities between them (the intention to overcome the “all too human”) and fundamental differences (understanding of the driving forces and goals of transformation) are revealed. In the light of the metamodernist perspective, a new figure of the human is proposed — Homo Oscillans, reflecting the key characteristics of (post)modernity: ontological uncertainty, processuality, irreducibility to binary oppositions. The necessity of developing new conceptual tools for understanding the anthropological situation in the era of “intensive transformations” is substantiated.