Email this article 
Post a Comment 
Stationary and pulsed electrodeposition of silicon in LiCl–KCl–CsCl–K2SiF6 melt
- Authors: Parasotchenko Y.A.1, Suzdaltsev A.V.1, Zaikov Y.P.1
-
Affiliations:
- Ural Federal University
- Issue: No 4 (2024)
- Pages: 377-390
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/0235-0106/article/view/267298
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0235010624040036
- ID: 267298
Cite item
Open Access
Access granted
Abstract
Silicon and its materials are widely used in metallurgy, micro- and nano-electronics, solar energy, and are also promising materials for anodes of lithium-ion power sources with increased specific capacity. The expansion of application areas of silicon with controlled morphology necessitates the development of new energy–efficient methods of its production. In the present work, the influence of the mode as well as parameters of electrolysis of the LiCl–KCl–CsCl–K2SiF6 melt with a temperature of 545 оC on the morphology of electrolytic precipitation of silicon on glassy carbon has been studied. The galvanostatic mode of electrodeposition, widely used in industry, as well as the pulsed mode, which is actively investigated at present, were used for the electrolysis. Silicon electrodeposition was carried out by varying such parameters as cathodic current density (from 3 to 50 mA/cm2) and electrolysis duration (from 30 to 180 min) in the galvanostatic mode, as well as by varying the density and duration of the cathodic current pulse, the duration of current pauses and the total duration of electrolysis in the pulsed mode. It is shown that electrodeposition of silicon on glassy carbon is accompanied by the formation of a continuous sediments of hemispherical nuclei with a diameter of about 1 micron on the electrode surface. An increase in the cathodic current density and an increase in the cathodic current pulse pause frequency contribute to the disruption of the sediment continuity and the growth of dendrites of ordered or arbitrary shape. At the same time, the pulsed mode allows to increase the cathode current density at silicon electrodeposition (from 25–30 to 250–500 mA/cm2) and stabilize the value of the cathode potential during electrolysis.
Full Text
About the authors
Yu. A. Parasotchenko
Ural Federal University
Author for correspondence.
Email: ustinova.iulia@urfu.ru
Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg
A. V. Suzdaltsev
Ural Federal University
Email: ustinova.iulia@urfu.ru
Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg
Yu. P. Zaikov
Ural Federal University
Email: ustinova.iulia@urfu.ru
Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg
References
- Kulova T.L. New electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (Review) // Rus. J. Electrochem. 2013. 49. Р. 1–25.
- Chemezov O.V., Isakov A.V., Apisarov A.P., Brezhestovsky M.S., Bushkova O.V., Batalov N.N., Zaikov Yu.P., Shashkin A.P. Elektroliticheskoye polucheniye nanovolokon kremniya iz rasplava KCl–KF–K2SiF6–SiO2 dlya kompozitsionnykh anodov litiy-ionnykh akkumulyatorov [Electrolytic production of silicon nanofibers from the KCl–KF–K2SiF6–SiO2 melt for composite anodes of lithium–ion batteries] // Electrochim. energetica 2013. 13. № 4. Р. 201–204. [In Russian].
- Suzdaltsev A.V., Gevel T.A., Parasotchenko Yu.A., Pavlenko O.B. Kratkiy obzor rezul’tatov ispol’zovaniya elektroosazhdennogo kremniya dlya ustroystv preobrazovaniya i nakopleniya energii [Brief review of the results of using electrodeposited silicon in energy conversion and storage devices] // Rasplavy. 2023. № 1. Р. 99–108. [In Russian].
- Cohen U. Some prospective applications of silicon electrodeposition from molten fluorides to solar cell fabrication // J. Electron. Mater. 1977. 6. Р. 607–643.
- Boen R., Bouteillon J. The electrodeposition of silicon in fluoride melts // J. Appl. Electrochem. 1983. 13. 277.
- Zaikov Yu.P., Zhuk S.I., Isakov A.V., Grishenkova O.V., Isaev V.A. Elektroosazhdeniye kremniya iz rasplava KF–KCl–KI–K2SiF6 [Electrodeposition of silicon from the melt KF–KCl–KI–K2SiF6] // Rasplavy. 2016. № 5. Р. 441–454. [In Russian].
- Kuznetsova S.V., Dolmatov V.S., Kuznetsov S.A. Voltammetric study of electroreduction of silicon complexes in a chloride–fluoride melt // Rus. J. Electrochem. 2009. 45. P. 742–748.
- Zhuk S.I., Gevel T.A., Zaikov Yu.P. Vliyaniye materiala podlozhki na kinetiku i mekhanizm elektroosazhdeniya kremniya iz rasplava KCl–KF–K2SiF6 [Effect of the substrate material on kinetics and mechanism of silicon electrodeposition from the KCl–KF–K2SiF6 melt] // Rasplavy. 2023. № 4. Р. 354–364. [In Russian].
- Yasuda K., Kato T., Norikawa Yu., Nohira T. Silicon electrodeposition in a water-soluble KF–KCl molten salt: Properties of Si films on graphite substrates // J. Electrochem. Soc. 2021. 168. 112502.
- Gevel T.A., Gorshkov L.V., Suzdaltsev A.V., Zaikov Yu.P. Vliyaniye materiala katoda na kinetiku elektrovosstanovleniya ionov kremniya v rasplave KCl–CsCl–K2SiF6 [Effect of the substrate material on the kinetics of silicon electroreduction in the KCl–CsCl–K2SiF6 melt] // Rasplavy. 2023. № 5. Р. 491–501. [In Russian].
- Nikolaev A.Yu., Mullabaev A.R., Suzdaltsev A.V., Kovrov V.A., Kholkina A.S., Shishkin V.Yu., Zaikov Yu.P. Ochistka khloridov shchelochnykh metallov metodom zonnoy perekristallizatsii dlya ispol’zovaniya v operatsiyakh pirokhimicheskoy pererabotki otrabotavshego yadernogo topliva [Purification of alkali-metal chlorides by zone recrystallization for the use in pyrochemical processing of spent nuclear fuel] // Atomnaya energiya. 2022. 131. № 4. Р. 195–201. [In Russian].
- Novoselova A.V., Smolenski V.V., Bovet A.L. Elektrokhimicheskiy sintez intermetallicheskikh soyedineniy U–Ga i U–Cd v rasplavlennoy evtektike LiCl–KCl–CsCl [Electrochemical synthesis of intermetallic U–Ga and U–Cd compounds in molten LiCl–KCl–CsCl eutectic] // Rasplavy. 2023. № 5. Р. 443–453. [In Russian].
- Xu X., Zhuo W., Zhang X., Zhu Ch., Wang Ch., Ding Y., Guo Sh., Zhou W., Wang Y. Investigation of electrochemical characteristics and nucleation mechanism of cerium influenced by F− in LiCl–KCl–CsCl melts // J. Mol. Liquids 2024. 400. 124582.
- Liu Y., Liu Y., Wang L., Jiang Sh., Wang D., Liu Z., Li M., Shi W. Electrochemical behaviors and extraction of Ln(III) (Ln = La, Ce, Nd) ions in LiCl–KCl–CsCl eutectic salts at low temperatures // ACS Sust. Chem. Eng. 2023. 11. P. 8161–8172.
- Pavlenko O.B., Ustinova Yu.A., Zhuk S.I., Suzdaltsev A.V., Zaikov Yu.P. Silicon electrodeposition from low–melting LiCl–KCl–CsCl melts // Russian Metallurgy. 2022. № 8. Р. 818–824.
- Parasotchenko Yu., Pavlenko O., Suzdaltsev A., Zaikov Yu. Study of the silicon electrochemical nucleation in LiCl–KCl–CsCl–K2SiF6 melt // J. Electrochem. Soc. 2023. 170. 022505.
- Wei R., Huang Zh., Wei T., Wang Zh., Jiao Sh., Review—Preparation of hafnium metal by electrolysis // J. Electrochem. Soc. 2024. 171. 022501.
- Trofimova T.–T.S., Ostanina T.N., Rudoi V.M., Mazurina E.A. The dynamics of the nickel foam formation and its effect on the catalytic properties toward hydrogen evolution reaction // Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2023. 48. 22389.
- Sugisaki M., Matsushima H., Ueda M., Kawamura M. Formation of porous gold electrodeposits by pulse technique in AlCl3–NaCl–KCl molten salt containing AuCl // Electrochemistry. 2023. 92. 043005.
- Pavlenko O.B., Suzdaltsev A.V., Parasotchenko Yu.A., Zaikov Yu.P. Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of silicon thin films for energy conversion // Silicon 2023. 15. 7765–7770.
- Baraboshkin A.N. Elektrokristallizatsiya metallov iz rasplavlennykh soley [Electrocrystallization of metals from molten salts]. M.: Nauka. 1976. [In Russian].
Supplementary files
